Degrassi

Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use Canadian English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox media franchise

Degrassi is a Canadian teen drama television franchise created by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler, that follows the lives of youths attending the eponymous secondary school in Toronto. Each entry since 1987 has taken place in the same continuity. Outside of television, the franchise comprises a variety of other media, such as companion novels, graphic novels, documentaries, soundtracks, and non-fiction works.

In 1979, Schuyler and Hood adapted the Kay Chorao book Ida Makes a Movie into a live-action short film, and expanded upon its universe with a series of subsequent installments until 1982, when it evolved into the critically acclaimed children's series The Kids of Degrassi Street, which aired for 26 episodes until 1986. That year, the duo developed Degrassi Junior High, which focused on the teenage demographic they felt was underserved by contemporary media. Running for three seasons (1987–1989), it became one of Canada's most popular television series and was highly regarded for its realistic portrayal of adolescence and serious social issues; this was followed by Degrassi High (1989–1991), which chronicled the cast's high school years and met similar critical and commercial success. The initial run of the franchise ended with the controversial television film School's Out (1992), which received mixed reviews but drew double the average viewership of the series, followed by the docuseries Degrassi Talks (1992), in which actors spoke to teens nationwide about various issues.

In the 1990s, the series increasingly developed a cult following through re-runs, and a successful televised cast reunion in 1999 helped spark the franchise's revival with Degrassi: The Next Generation (2001–2015), which originally aired on CTV in Canada and The N in the United States. It focused on a new generation of students, augmented by select original characters in supporting roles. It was similarly critically and commercially successful, especially in the United States, and launched the careers of musician Drake and actress Nina Dobrev. After nine seasons, The Next Generation was rebranded to Degrassi and changed to a telenovela-style format. After five more seasons, it was cancelled in 2015. It was superseded by Degrassi: Next Class (2016–2017), a short-lived Netflix co-production geared toward Generation Z, whose cancellation was revealed in 2019. In January 2022, a new series was announced for HBO Max in which Schuyler would not be involved; it was cancelled in November following a lack of updates, though WildBrain later indicated that they still intend to produce the series.<ref name="mw2023">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Degrassi is regarded as one of Canada's greatest television achievements and is one of the most successful media franchises in Canadian history. It has been widely acclaimed over its four-decade history for its approach to adolescence and serious issues faced by adolescents. It has courted controversy on several occasions for episodes depicting teenage pregnancy, abortion, and LGBT issues, with various episodes facing some form of editing or censorship outside of Canada since the late 1980s. Among the awards and accolades it has received<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> include numerous Gemini Awards, two International Emmys in 1985 and 1987, and a Peabody Award in 2010. The franchise was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in December 2023.<ref name="CityNews2023">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

1979–1986: The Kids of Degrassi Street

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 1976, Linda Schuyler, a Grade 7 and Grade 8 media teacher at Earl Grey Senior Public School in Toronto,<ref name="Ellis 2005">Template:Harvnb</ref> founded Playing With Time Inc. with her partner Kit Hood. Schuyler had met Hood, who had a career in editing television commercials, when she needed help from an experienced editor to save the "muddled footage" of one of her projects.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As a media teacher, Schuyler encouraged her students to use video as a narrative tool.<ref name="Ellis 2005" /> Bruce Mackey, Earl Grey's librarian and a friend of Schuyler, procured her several books about filmmaking upon her request, one being Ida Makes a Movie, by the American author Kay Chorao.<ref name="Ellis 2005" /> Mackey did not realize that it was a children's book and discarded it, but Schuyler developed an interest in adapting the book into a film.<ref name="Ellis2005pg9">Template:Harvnb</ref> Before leaving, Schuyler sought legal advice from Stephen Stohn, a young entertainment lawyer who had recently graduated from law school,<ref name="Zekas2013">Template:Cite news</ref> and who would eventually become her producing partner and husband.<ref name="Stohn 20182">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Growing up Degrassi">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Stohn recalled in his 2018 memoir Whatever It Takes that he advised Schuyler that being out of print, buying the rights to the book on her own would be "relatively straightforward", and that involving lawyers would make the process "unnecessarily complicated."<ref name="Stohn 20182" /> Stohn instead gave Schuyler a boilerplate form for permission to take with her to New York.<ref name="Stohn 20182" /><ref name="Yahoo!">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Schuyler purchased the rights for $200.<ref name="Yahoo!" /><ref name="Growing up Degrassi" /> The feline characters were changed into human children, and the story was also largely repurposed.<ref name="Yahoo!" /> The film featured production techniques that Schuyler and Kit Hood felt were missing from children's programming: it was shot in a cinéma vérité style, with handheld camera work and entirely on-location shooting.<ref name="www.blogto.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mackey offered his home, 98 De Grassi Street, as a filming location.<ref name="www.blogto.com" />

Ida Makes A Movie premiered on CBC Television on December 8, 1979.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Over the next couple of years, the network ordered two more short films. By 1982, they ordered five more episodes, developing the series of short films into a television series named The Kids Of Degrassi Street.<ref name="Ellis200pg10">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1985, the episode Griff Gets A Hand (which starred future "Wheels" actor Neil Hope as Griff) received an International Emmy for Best Program for Children and Young People.<ref name="Ellis200pg10" />

1986–1990: Degrassi Junior High, Degrassi High, and international success

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}A new Degrassi series began development in 1986,<ref name="Ellis200pg10" /> this time with new characters and centered around the fictional eponymous school near the same street. The first actor to audition for the new Degrassi series was Pat Mastroianni, who would later win the role of Joey Jeremiah.<ref name="Ellis200pg10" /> Several of the actors from The Kids Of Degrassi Street would return with new roles, including Neil Hope, Stacie Mistysyn, Anais Granofsky, and Sarah Charlesworth. It was at this time that Playing With Time Inc. started a repertory company,<ref name="Ellis2005pg14">Template:Harvnb</ref> with fifty children selected from auditions.<ref name="Ellis2005pg14" /> The workshops would be repeated at the beginning of production for each season, as new cast members joined, and existing cast members underwent more advanced workshops.<ref name="Ellis2005pg14" /> The repertory company also meant that even major characters could be relegated to the background if not the main focus of the episode, which according to Kathryn Ellis, was "nearly unheard-of on other television shows."<ref name="Ellis 2005 15">Template:Harvnb</ref> Conversely, a background character could later be given more lines or a full role.<ref name="Ellis 2005 15" />

The cast would have significant input into the writing of their characters, with Schuyler seeking opinions during every read-through,<ref name="Ellis2005pg14" /> and cast members often talking about their experiences to writer Yan Moore, who would eventually adapt said experiences to their characters.<ref name="Ellis2005pg20">Template:Harvnb</ref> The resulting series, Degrassi Junior High, premiered on CBC on January 18, 1987. The series marked the beginning of the franchise's canon, as characters from this series would appear as adults in later installments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The show also aired on PBS in the United States starting from September 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The show would feature one of the franchise's most well-known and influential storylines, in which 14 year old Christine "Spike" Nelson, portrayed by Amanda Stepto, becomes pregnant. The episode in which she discovers her pregnancy, "It's Late", the eleventh episode of the show's first season, would win an International Emmy,<ref name="Taylor1986">Template:Cite news</ref> for which Emma Nelson, Spike's daughter and central character of the later series, was named. The popularity of the show led to international publicity tours by members of the cast throughout North America and parts of Europe.<ref name="Ellis2005pg142-143">Template:Harvnb</ref>

Upon its debut, it immediately garnered critical acclaim in Canada, where it was considered to be an alternative to the American sitcoms of the era that were perceived as unrealistic and heavy-handed in their portrayal of societal issues.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although not as well known in the United States,<ref name="Granville1988">Template:Cite news</ref> it drew similar praise from the American media.<ref name="Remington 25">Template:Cite news</ref> Initially aired on Sundays at 5:00pm,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Canadian critics believed the show deserved a better timeslot;<ref name="Remington 25" /> Ivan Fecan, then the programming chief for CBC, was also a champion of the series,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and had the series moved to primetime on Mondays at 8:30pm, in between Kate & Allie and Newhart.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When Fecan called Schuyler to inform her of the move, she reportedly disagreed,<ref name="Stohn2018">Template:Harvnb</ref> feeling that the series wasn't ready for prime time.<ref name="Stohn2018" /> She eventually agreed to the decision,<ref name="Stohn2018" /> under the condition that if the move was unsuccessful, the series wouldn't be cancelled and instead be moved back to its original timeslot.<ref name="Stohn2018" /> After its move to prime time, the viewership increased by 40%,<ref name="Kennedy1987">Template:Cite news</ref> and by August 1988, it had become the highest-rated Canadian-made drama in Canada.<ref name="Granville1988" /> The series also premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC1 in 1988, where it drew in a reported six million viewers, making it the highest-rated children's television series in the country and the show's largest audience.<ref name="Burns1989">Template:Cite news</ref> However, in spite of a publicity tour by actress Amanda Stepto,<ref name="Winnipeg Free Press1988">Template:Cite news</ref> controversial episodes from its first season, including those centred on Stepto's character's pregnancy, were aired in a later timeslot on BBC2,<ref name="Burns1989" /> and the network did not air its second and third seasons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The series established the franchise's popularity and longevity.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By the time its follow-up began, it amassed over a million viewers weekly in Canada.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In November 1988, after the premiere of the third and final season of Degrassi Junior High, Linda Schuyler alluded to the potential of a high-school followup when discussing the direction of the franchise with the Montreal Gazette, although she was unsure if it would go forward.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was decided to continue into high school as the actors were becoming older, which would also make way for more controversial topics, including abortion, which was addressed in the series premiere.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Schuyler: "As the kids get older, the only way we can remain true to this age group is by growing with them. Therefore, the issues get more complex."<ref name="Nicholls1989">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the series finale of Degrassi Junior High, the titular school is destroyed in a fire.<ref name="Nicholls1989" /> To keep the entire cast together, a creative decision was made to move the younger students displaced by the fire to the new school to join those that had already graduated.<ref name="Kennedy1989">Template:Cite news</ref> Conversely, the grade 7 students introduced in the third season of Degrassi Junior High were accelerated to grade 9 for an unspecified reason.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> To give the series a "harder-edged feel", several older characters were introduced.<ref name="Kennedy1989" /> Reflecting the growing independence of the aging characters, Degrassi High began to give more focus to the characters' lives outside of school, with scenes taking place at nighttime, on the street, or at the characters' jobs.<ref name="Barss1990">Template:Cite news</ref> In contrast to Degrassi Junior High, in which the extras were still made known to the viewers, the newer series would include a team of "extra extras", who would simply appear for no other purpose than to fill the background.<ref name="Barss1990" /> Degrassi High notably tackled HIV/AIDS, with the character Dwayne Myers (Darrin Brown),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and suicide with the character Claude Tanner (David Armin-Parcells).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Despite continued success and demand from CBC,Template:SfnTemplate:Pn WGBH was finding it increasingly difficult to fund the show from the children's department of PBS, and were forced to back out.Template:SfnTemplate:Pn Combined with creative exhaustion,Template:SfnTemplate:Pn it was decided to end Degrassi High after its second season,Template:SfnTemplate:Pn and filming wrapped in October 1990.<ref name="Pryor1991">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In November 1990, Schuyler explained to the Canadian Press that they wanted to end the series "while we were still feeling good about what we were doing."<ref name="Nicholls1990">Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, she noted that most of the cast were occupied with post-secondary education, and that she felt the show had already tackled what they had aimed to.<ref name="Nicholls1990" /> Schuyler informed Ivan Fecan, then the programming chief of CBC and long-time supporter of Degrassi, of their decision to end the series and suggested a feature-length finale as a compromise, which Fecan enthusiastically accepted and offered funding for.Template:SfnTemplate:Pn

1991–1998: Degrassi Talks, School's Out, and hiatus

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} During development of the television movie in early 1991, six Degrassi actors – Amanda Stepto, Pat Mastroianni, Stacie Mistysyn, Rebecca Haines, Siluck Saysanasy, and Neil Hope – travelled around Canada to interview teenagers about various health and social issues for the six-part documentary series Degrassi Talks, which aired on CBC in six installments from February 29 to March 30, 1992, each tackling a specific issue that the series had portrayed.<ref name="Oswald1992">Template:Cite news</ref> Each actor was chosen specifically for their character's relation to each topic.<ref name="Oswald1992" /> The series was personally funded by then-Minister of Health Benoît Bouchard, who contributed $350,000.<ref name="Ward1992">Template:Cite news</ref> The six actors conducted interviews in 26 cities,<ref name="Boone1992">Template:Cite news</ref> including bigger and smaller towns.<ref name="Boone1992" /> The series also featured archive footage from the series, vox pop interviews and on-screen statistics.<ref name="Van Alphen1992">Template:Cite news</ref> While it was well received by critics, it proved less popular with teenage viewers, who felt it to be redundant and at times perpetuating certain stereotypes.<ref name="Van Alphen1992" /><ref name="Ward1992" />

File:Degrassi Wordmark (1989-1991).png

The Degrassi logo used between 1989 and 1992.

Principal photography began on School's Out, the television movie, on July 21, 1991,<ref name="DegrassiTV2006">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and it premiered on CBC on January 5, 1992.<ref name="Kennedy1992">Template:Cite news</ref> The movie, which mostly focused on a love triangle between Joey, Caitlin (Mistysyn), and Tessa Campanelli (Kirsten Bourne), garnered a positive, yet mixed reception. It garnered controversy for its unusual characterization of certain popular characters as well as the catastrophic events experienced by other characters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was also notable for its use of the word "fuck", first said by Stefan Brogren and then Stacie Mistysyn, that are claimed to be the first uses of the word in Canadian television history.<ref name="Wong2017">Template:Cite news</ref> Despite the mixed reception, the film drew an estimated 2.3 million viewers: double that of the average audience that Degrassi High received.<ref name="DegrassiTV2006" /> The movie did not air in the United States until over two years later, when it premiered on PBS on June 20, 1994.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood dissolved their partnership in the early 1990s but continued to own Playing With Time. In July 1998, Hood revealed the company was "virtually dormant."<ref name="Kit Hood Interview July 19982007">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He continued to rent the company's former offices as a battered women's shelter,<ref name="blogto.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> before retiring to Nova Scotia for the remainder of his life.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1992, Schuyler and Stephen Stohn founded Epitome Pictures, the company which would produce all future Degrassi series.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1994, Epitome Pictures produced the television movie X-Rated, which centred on a group of young adults living in an apartment complex; the movie starred Stacie Mistysyn. X-Rated was the pilot for the series Liberty Street, which starred Pat Mastroianni and aired on the CBC for two seasons in 1995. In 1997, Epitome Pictures produced the soap opera Riverdale; its set, located on 220 Bartley Drive in Toronto, was re-used as the set for Degrassi: The Next Generation.

1999–2019: Degrassi: The Next Generation and Degrassi: Next Class

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File:Degrassi typeface.png

The Degrassi logo used between 2001 and 2010.

In 1999, a televised reunion of the Degrassi Junior High cast took place on the CBC youth show Jonovision, hosted by Jonathan Torrens.<ref name="Brioux1999">Template:Cite news</ref> The reunion became particularly popular, with the live taping drawing in audience members from as far as San Francisco.<ref name="Brioux1999" /> The success of the reunion inspired Yan Moore and Linda Schuyler, now running Epitome Pictures, to develop an interest in creating a new Degrassi series by December 1999.<ref name="Rollercoaster2007">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They had originally planned to create an unrelated teen drama titled Ready, Willing And Wired.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Moore noted that Emma, Spike's daughter, would be entering junior high school by the new millennium, and the show was retooled to centre around Emma and her friends attending Degrassi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Epitome would propose the idea of Degrassi: The Next Generation to CTV in October 2000, and Ivan Fecan, now CEO of CTV's parent company, ordered thirteen episodes of the new show.<ref name="Rollercoaster2007" /> Filming began on July 3, 2001,<ref name="Rollercoaster2007" /> and the show premiered on CTV on October 14, 2001.<ref name="Rollercoaster2007" />

Although the original Degrassi series were widely popular in Canada, The Next Generation was particularly successful in the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the show's ninth season, the producers were informed in a meeting with CTV executives that the network did not plan to renew the show.<ref name="Ajello">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the same time, Stephen Stohn was in talks with TeenNick to produce 48 episodes of a telenovela-style teen show, which he later pitched as the tenth season of Degrassi: The Next Generation.<ref name="Ajello" /> To promote the series on the new network, TeenNick commissioned a promotional music video, set to "Shark in the Water" by V V Brown and themed around a carnival and circus, which contained clues foreshadowing later events of the season.<ref name="Ajello" /> The promo was extremely successful.<ref name="Ajello" /> According to Stephen Stohn, MuchMusic, the network that the series moved to from CTV in Canada, cited the promo as having improved the network's ratings significantly.<ref name="Ajello" /> Season 10 premiered on July 19, 2010, and marked a change in production style to a telenovela/soap opera format, and for the first time, episodes airing in Canada and the United States on the same day. "The Next Generation" was also dropped from the title, which became simply Degrassi.<ref name="Ajello" />

Degrassi was cancelled after fourteen seasons, and a spin off series called Degrassi: Next Class aired on Netflix for four seasons from 2016 to 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Season one was released on Netflix January 15, 2016, and started airing January 4, 2016, on Family's new teen programming block, F2N. Fourteen cast members from season 14 of Degrassi also reprised their roles.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> On March 7, 2019, Stefan Brogren alluded to the show's cancellation in a tweet.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sara Waisglass, who played Frankie Hollingsworth, recalled to the Toronto Star in 2022 that she was disappointed at the cancellation and recalled: "They never told us anything. We had our contracts and the way it worked was they had to tell you by a certain date if we were picked up or not. We just never heard from them again."<ref>Template:Cite news Template:ProQuest</ref>

On January 20, 2020, Degrassi co-creator Kit Hood died of a brain aneurysm<ref name="Schuyler 2022">Template:Harvnb</ref> at his home in Nova Scotia, aged 76.<ref name="Vlessing2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2022–present: Planned second revival and documentary series

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On January 13, 2022, it was announced that HBO Max gave a series order to Degrassi, a new series in the franchise consisting of 10 hour-long episodes set to premiere in 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was announced that the new series would be helmed by Lara Azzopardi and Julia Cohen, who previously wrote the Degrassi: The Next Generation episode "Heat of The Moment."<ref name="Friend2022">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Linda Schuyler, franchise co-creator, and Stephen Stohn, creative partner on The Next Generation, issued a joint statement confirming that they would not be involved in the new series, stating that the "time is perfect to pass the baton" to Azzopardi and Cohen.<ref name="Friend2022" /> On February 23, 2022, casting commenced for the series with a search for 13- to 20-year-old youth of all backgrounds. Filming was scheduled to begin July 1, 2022, and end November 30, 2022,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, in August 2022, reports surfaced of the restructuring of HBO Max, which led to fears of the reboot's potential cancellation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that the new Degrassi series would not be moving forward amid the Warner Bros. merger.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, multiple statements from Schuyler and WildBrain have indicated that there are still plans to produce the series; on the day of the cancellation's announcement, WildBrain stated they were "committed to the future of Degrassi" and that "discussions concerning the contract with WarnerMedia are ongoing."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2023, Schuyler told the Toronto Star that WildBrain considered the failed HBO deal a "false start."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Schuyler maintained her optimism in an August 2023 podcast interview, but revealed that the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike had been impacting plans to go forward.<ref name="mw2023" />

On December 6, 2023, WildBrain announced a three-part documentary series about the franchise, produced in co-operation with Peacock Alley.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The series is set to examine the franchise's 40-year history in depth and features new cast interviews and behind-the-scenes footage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A release date has not yet been announced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Franchise overview

Books and other print media

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During The Kids of Degrassi Street's run, a series of eight books based on episodes from the series were published by James Lorimer & Co. The books were written by Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood, with help from Eve Jennings. Two of the books, Casey Draws The Line and Griff Gets A Hand, were later reprinted with an updated cover with a similar style to the Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High books.

Between 1988 and 1992, James Lorimer & Co. published a series of eleven paperback books based on the characters of Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High to accompany the two series. Each book focused on a different character, such as Spike, Joey, Caitlin, Wheels, and Snake, often expanding on their storylines or following new ones entirely. Another novel, Exit Stage Left, was an original story focused on multiple characters.<ref name="Degrassi Online2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="issarged.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> One book, focused on the characters of Arthur Kobalewscuy and Yick Yu, was written, but not released.<ref name="Degrassi Online2018" />

To coincide with the debut of Degrassi Talks in February 1992, Boardwalk Books published companion books based on the six episodes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The books, which contain more content than the television series, feature an image the host of the episode, usually while holding camera equipment on the front cover, and a preface written by Degrassi writer Catherine Dunphy, profiling the actor who hosted the episode. The books also feature expanded versions of several interviews seen in the series, as well as other interviews that were not shown in the series due to time constraints.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> From 2006 to 2007, four graphic novels based on Degrassi: The Next Generation were released as part of the Extra Credit series, with the books centering on the characters Ellie Nash, Emma Nelson, Spinner Mason, and Marco Del Rossi respectively.<ref name="issarged.com" />

There were also several other non-fiction books based on the franchise, including The Official 411: Degrassi Generations, a behind-the-scenes history book written by Degrassi writer and publicist Kathryn Ellis released to celebrate the franchise's 25th anniversary in September 2005,<ref name="Chronicling the Generations" /> and Growing Up Degrassi: Television, Identity and Youth Cultures, an anthology of scholarly essays on the franchise, edited by Michelle Byers.<ref name="issarged.com" /> A memoir by Schuyler, titled The Mother Of All Degrassi, was released on November 15, 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Planned Degrassi: The Next Generation film

During 2005 and 2006, a feature film adaptation of Degrassi: The Next Generation was in development.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> American filmmaker Kevin Smith, a longtime fan of the franchise, was slated to direct the movie.<ref name="Vlessing2005">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By September 2005, the film was awaiting a green light from Paramount Pictures, with a script written by Aaron Martin and Tassie Cameron,<ref name="Vlessing2005" /> and was set to begin filming in May 2006.<ref name="Vlessing2005" /> Smith told Playback that he had considered getting Ben Affleck to cameo in the movie, but decided against it.<ref name="Vlessing2005" /> The project eventually came to be unrealized.<ref name="Elliott2022">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2022, Smith revealed to Screen Rant that the movie would have heavily centred on Drake's character Jimmy Brooks "getting up and walking."<ref name="Elliott2022" /> Smith claims that they incorporated elements from the script into a future episode of the television series.<ref name="Elliott2022" />

Critical reception and impact

Critical reception

The Degrassi franchise has been critically lauded for virtually its entire existence. The Canadian press was celebratory of Degrassi Junior High's local and international success, and believed it to be one of the most groundbreaking children's television series of all time;<ref name="Kennedy19872">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in the lead-up to its American debut, Fred M. Hechinger of the New York Times pondered; "Can teen-agers be won over to entertainment that is not mindless, violent or sexually irresponsible?".<ref name="Hechinger1987">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1989 the series was profiled by John Fisher Burns, also of the New York Times, who asserted it was "remolding the pat-a-cake image of what the industry, with at least some sense of paradox, likes to call ''children's television.''<ref name="Burns19892">Template:Cite news</ref> Its sequel, Degrassi High, garnered similar praise. In 1990, Lynne Heffley of the Los Angeles Times called Degrassi one of the "gutsiest shows on television."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kelli Pryor of Entertainment Weekly called it the "thirtysomething of the book-bag set."<ref name="Pryor19912">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

While met with some skepticism, including from The Ottawa Citizen's Tony Atherton<ref name="Atherton review2">Template:Cite news</ref> and The Seattle Times' Melanie McFarland,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Degrassi: The Next Generation also went on to receive critical acclaim. Entertainment Weekly called it "a cult hit", and The New York Times named it "Tha Best Teen TV N da WRLD."<ref name="fast times2">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="NYT2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> AOL TV ranked it as the sixth TV's Biggest Guilty Pleasure.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Authenticity

Linda Schuyler explained to Entertainment Weekly in 2012 that "the show set out to be an authentic — and I use the word authentic very carefully; I don't use the word realistic –- an authentic portrayal of teenage years."<ref name="Entertainment Weekly">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Authenticity is regarded as a major tenet of Degrassi's identity, and is a frequent talking point in critical and fan discourse about the franchise.<ref name="Druick2008" /> In their book Canadian Television Today, Bart Beaty and Rebecca Sullivan wrote how Degrassi touted itself as an "a honest, unflinching look at growing up";<ref name="Beaty2006">Template:Cite book</ref> in the book Programming Reality: Perspectives On English-Canadian Television, Michele Byers wrote that the series is "often heralded as speaking to rather than for young people."<ref name="Druick2008">Template:Cite book</ref> Throughout the years, it has commonly been contrasted with similar teen shows produced in the United States that are perceived to value style over substance.<ref name="Beaty2006" /><ref name="Druick2008" />

Filmmaker and Degrassi fan Kevin Smith wrote in TV Guide of watching Degrassi Junior High: "These were ordinary-looking ... kids like I had been in high school ... dealing with real problems—not that 90210 kinda TV problem-crap ... I could identify with these kids ... These non-glamorous, unpolished, awkward, age-appropriate-for-the-roles actors made me believe that I was a kindred spirit to the characters they played."<ref name="Druick2008" /> Degrassi: The Next Generation, while being the most successful of the series and generally considered by many to share the same qualities, is frequently criticized for its higher production value and gradual shift towards soap opera-style sensationalism like that of other teen drama series.<ref name="Beaty2006" />

Degrassi is also noted for its casting of real teenagers, as opposed to the common practice of casting much older actors:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> something often cited when discussing the franchise's authenticity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During development of Degrassi Junior High, Schuyler observed that "so much of the American stuff set in high schools is played by late teens and early 20s – and then some."<ref name="Taylor1986" /> She further elaborated to IndieWire in 2016: "I like to talk about the fact that you can take a 25-year-old who looks 15 and have them play a role, but that actor is bringing 10 more years of life experience to that role. By having our cast be age-appropriate, they bring the freshness and the authenticity of that age."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Censorship

The franchise has been the subject of numerous controversies and censorships since the 1980s. In the United Kingdom, several episodes of Degrassi Junior High's first season, including the International Emmy award-winning episode "It's Late", were not aired in its regular place on the children's timeslot at 5pm on BBC1<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> due to complaints from parents that their content "too strong for [young children]",<ref name="Summers2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and were instead shown at 6pm on the BBC2 teen block DEF II.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The network did not air its second and third seasons.<ref name="Winnipeg Free Press1988" /><ref name="Summers2020" />

The two-part premiere of Degrassi High, "A New Start", which centered around a character becoming pregnant and ultimately choosing to get an abortion, aired uncensored in Canada in November 1989, but was edited by PBS for its January 1990 American premiere to remove the episode's final scene depicting said character fighting through anti-abortion picketers outside of a clinic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This decision was met with backlash from the show's producers, with co-creator and director Kit Hood lambasting the network for giving the episode "an American ending, happy, safe but incomplete..." and requested his name be removed from the credits.<ref name="Remington1989">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2004, Noggin's The N block decided to postpone an episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation revolving around abortion, titled "Accidents Will Happen."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The two-part episode focused on a character who becomes pregnant and decides to have an abortion. The N's decision prompted backlash from fans.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="outcry">Template:Cite news</ref> A subsequent petition from fans condemned the decision as "unjust and asinine", and argued that the episode did not espouse any forceful opinions about the subject, and that the fans had the right to watch the series in an uncensored, unaltered form.<ref name="interim">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Conversely, CTV in Canada showed the episode twice.<ref name="interim" />

Reception from LGBT groups

DegrassiTemplate:'s portrayal of LGBT youth was viewed by critics as groundbreaking. Linda Schuyler said that the impetus for the show's inclusion of LGBT themes stemmed from her colleague Bruce Mackey, who was central to the early development in the franchise, and who hid his sexuality from his professional life.<ref name="Kayvon2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Schuyler said: "It made me so sad to see somebody who had to live duplicitously like that, that it kind of has been right from the very beginning of this show, it's been a very important mandate for me."<ref name="Kayvon2017" />

The tenth season of Degrassi: The Next Generation introduced the female-to-male transgender character Adam Torres, played by Jordan Todosey,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> who by 2011 was the "only transgender regular or recurring character on scripted television" according to GLAAD.Template:Sfn A central episode involving Adam's struggles with dysphoria, "My Body Is a Cage", won a Peabody Award that year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Legacy and honours

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File:Drake July 2016.jpg

Drake, pictured in 2016, launched his career starring on Degrassi: The Next Generation.

Degrassi has been cited as the potential starting point for the modern television teen drama,<ref name="Byers 2007">Template:Harvnb</ref> and it is said to have influenced shows including Beverly Hills, 90210<ref name="Vitello2012">Template:Cite news</ref> and Dawson's Creek.<ref name="Calgary Herald1999">Template:Cite news</ref> Allegedly, American television producer Aaron Spelling unsuccessfully sought to adapt Degrassi for the American market before producing Beverly Hills, 90210, a story Linda Schuyler<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Kit Hood<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> have both denied. The franchise has won numerous Gemini Awards, several Teen Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, two International Emmys, and a Peabody Award, among other awards and nominations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Degrassi: The Next Generation became notable for featuring several actors who went on to achieve wider recognition and stardom since their time on the series,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> most notably actor-turned-rapper Drake, who played Jimmy Brooks,<ref name="Post">Template:Cite news</ref> a basketball star who became physically disabled after he was shot by a classmate. When asked about his early acting career, Drake replied, "My mother was very sick. We were very poor, like broke. The only money I had coming in was [from] Canadian TV."<ref name="Complex">Template:Cite news</ref> Nina Dobrev, who portrayed Mia Jones in later seasons, went on to star as the lead character of the popular supernatural teen drama television series The Vampire Diaries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The music video to Drake's song "I'm Upset" (2018) features a reunion of the Degrassi: The Next Generation cast.

In 2012, the Degrassi franchise surpassed The Beachcombers as the longest-running Canadian drama by episode count.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Honours

After the death of co-creator Kit Hood in January 2020, a bench with a memorial plaque was installed in various locations important to the original Degrassi series, including Vincent Massey Junior School (the location of Degrassi Junior High) and the Centennial College Story Arts Centre (the location of Degrassi High).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2021, Hood's daughter Georgia started an online petition to have the laneway behind the former Playing With Time production office named after him.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In December 2023, the franchise was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="CityNews2023" />

Home media and streaming

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Physical releases

Each Degrassi series has seen home media release over the years. Initially available by mail-order for educational institutions,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High were given a commercial home video release by WGBH in 2000. Junior High was released on DVD in North America and Australia in 2005, while Degrassi High was released on DVD in North America and Australia in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Each season of Degrassi: The Next Generation was released on DVD by Alliance Atlantis each year throughout the 2000s in big box sets that contained a variety of bonus content, including audition tapes, deleted scenes, and bloopers. These annual DVD releases stopped after season twelve of The Next Generation.

Streaming

Degrassi Junior High, Degrassi High, and Degrassi: The Next Generation have variously been available to stream online over the years, including on Canada Media Fund's Encore+<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the official Degrassi YouTube channel. It was announced in June 2023 that each series, including Kids of Degrassi Street and Degrassi Talks and bar Next Class would be made available on Amazon Prime Canada in July.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sources

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External links

• Official Degrassi website