Incubator escapee wiki

Dorothea Jordan

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox person Dorothea Jordan (née Bland; 22 November 1761Template:Snd5 July 1816) was an Anglo-Irish actress, as well as a courtesan. She was the long-time partner of Prince William, Duke of Clarence (later King William IV), and the mother of 10 illegitimate children by him, all of whom took the surname FitzClarence. She was known professionally as Dorothea Francis and Dorothea Jordan, was informally Dora Jordan, and she was commonly referred to as Mrs Jordan and Mrs FitzClarence.

Early lifeEdit

Dorothea Bland was born near Waterford City in Ireland on 22 November 1761,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and was baptised at St Martin in the Fields, Middlesex on 5 December of that year.<ref name="Camp">Anthony J. Camp: Ancestry of Mrs Jordan Template:Webarchive [retrieved 4 December 2014].</ref> She was the third of six children born to Francis Bland (1736 – 2 January 1778, in Dover) and his mistress, Grace Phillips (c. 1740 – 1789 in Edinburgh). Her siblings were:

  • George Bland (c. 1758 – 1807 in Boston, Massachusetts; actor and singer)
  • Hester Bland (baptised 2 March 1760 at St Anne Soho, Middlesex – buried at St David's, as of Trelethin, 8 March 1848)
  • Lucy Bland (1763/64 – 1778 in Trelethin, St David's, 1778)
  • Francis Bland (Template:Fl.; a captain, unmarried and without issue)
  • Nathaniel Phillips Bland (1766/67 – buried at St David's, Pembrokeshire, 3 June 1830).<ref name="Camp" />

Her paternal grandparents were Nathaniel Bland (1695/96, in Killarney, County Kerry – 1760), Vicar General of Ardfert and Aghadoe, and Judge of the Prerogative Court of Dublin, Ireland, and his second wife Lucy (née Heaton).<ref name ="Camp"/> The reports about Jordan's maternal ancestry are unproven; Grace Phillips has been described as the daughter of a Welsh clergyman, whose parish was at Trelethyn.<ref>Claire Tomalin, Mrs Jordan's Profession, p. 10.</ref>

Before April 1774, when she was age 13, Jordan's father, who worked as a stagehand, abandoned the family to marry an Irish actress. However, he continued to support the family by sending them meagre sums of money.<ref name ="Camp"/> This allowance was on the condition that the children would not use his last name.<ref name="odnb">Template:Cite ODNB</ref> Jordan then adopted her mother's maiden name, Phillips.<ref name="odnb"/>

Theatrical careerEdit

File:Portrait of Mrs Dorothy Jordan (1761–1816) as Rosalind in Shakespeare's ‘As You Like It’.jpg
Dorothea Jordan as Rosalind by William Beechey, 1787

The historical record of Jordan's first stage appearance is not clear. Some sources claim that she made her debut in 1777 in Dublin as Phoebe in As You Like It, whilst others suggest she premiered as Lucy in the Interlude The Virgin Unmask'd, on 3 November 1779.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The knowledge of Jordan's time and other roles performed in Ireland is fragmentary; however, she is known to have played Priscilla Tomboy in Bickerstaff's The Romp, Anne in Richard III, and Adelaide in the tragedy The Count of Narbonne.<ref name="odnb" /> At the Smock Alley Theatre, under the management of Richard Daly, Jordan began playing male roles in the company's "reversed" cast. Documentation shows her last appearance in Dublin came on 16 May 1782 when she spoke The Maid of Oaks' Prologue. At the time she was pregnant with the illegitimate child of Daly, who was married.

Rumours spread and she fled to England, specifically Leeds, where she was employed by Tate Wilkinson, manager of the York Company.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was during this move that she adopted the surname "Jordan," and like all the other women in the company (both unmarried and married), adopted the title "Mrs." Her first performance in England was the tragic role of Calista in The Fair Penitent on 11 July 1782, for which she had been tutored by the scholar Cornelious Swan.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Wilkinson paid her 15 shillings a week, and she quickly won over the favour of her audiences, packing theatres. Despite her versatile acting talents, the critics were not pleased with her performing tragedy roles. Dora faced harsh criticism for these roles as she was not considered socially acceptable to play women of a higher standing.<ref name="autogenerated1">Mrs Jordan (Dorothy Jordan). (18th–20th century). (Album containing press cuttings, exhibition catalogue: 'Mrs Jordan: The Duchess of Drury Lane', 1995); engraved portraits; article; sheet music ('The Willow'), press cuttings, book extract and poster.) University of Bristol, Theatre Collection. Bristol, United Kingdom.</ref> Swan wrote to Tate to express his amazement at Jordan's talents:<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref>

Template:Quote

Jordan performed in the Yorkshire Circuit with Wilkinson's company from 1782 to 1785.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref> She was able to learn her lines quickly and seemed to have a natural talent, which made the other actresses in the company jealous. In her first few months, she was given the role of Fanny in The Clandestine Marriage, which only made her more unpopular with the women in the company.

During this first tour, while in Hull, Jordan gave birth to her first daughter Frances. After the delivery, while she cared for the baby, the actresses of the company "blackened her character among the people of Hull."<ref name=":4" /> When she returned to the stage on Boxing Day playing Calista in The Fair Penitent, she was met with strong disapproval. Audiences felt that the similarities between Jordan and Calista were too strong. However, Wilkinson came to Jordan's aid to dispel the gossip, painting Jordan as a mild-mannered victim. Through Wilkinson's support and Jordan's hard work and good nature, she was eventually able to win over the people before the company returned to York.

Some time later, while in York, Sarah Siddons came to visit Wilkinson and saw Dora Jordan perform in one of her popular breeches roles. Siddons, however, was not impressed with Jordan's performance and said that she should remain on the Yorkshire Circuit for she was "not up to London."<ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref> This remark was soon discounted when William Smith came from London and offered Jordan a salary of £4 per week at Drury Lane. She took the offer and performed for Wilkinson's company for a final time on 9 September 1785 before departing to London with her mother, two-year-old daughter, and sister Hester.

Although no specific dates can be sourced, Dora is believed to have performed the role of Lady Teazle in Sheridan's The School for Scandal before she arrived in London.<ref>Template:Cite book ©1989–©2002</ref> In 1785, she made her first London appearance at Drury Lane as Peggy in The Country Girl. The Morning Post the next day reported on her performance:<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Template:Quote

File:Portrait of Mrs. Jordan, as Peggy (4673969) (cropped).jpg
Mrs. Jordan in her role of Peggy in The Country Girl, David Garrick's tamer adaption of Wycherley's earlier, more scandalous play The Country Wife

Gradually, it came to be recognised that her talent lay in comedy. She was acclaimed for her "naturalness" on stage, and called a "child of nature",<ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref> a slightly derogatory term for someone who is of illegitimate birth.<ref name=":2" /> Audiences also enjoyed her performances in such breeches roles<ref>Template:Citation </ref> as Viola in Twelfth Night,<ref name=":1" /> Sir Harry Wildair in The Constant Couple, and William in Rosina.

In addition to her being "the most admired comic actress of her time",<ref name=":0" /> Jordan was a competent Shakespearean and tragic actress, playing the roles of Ophelia, Imogen in Cymbeline, Emilia in Othello, and Zara in Aaron Hill's play of that name.<ref name=":1" /> When she first auditioned for Wilkinson, on being asked whether she preferred "tragedy, comedy, or opera?" she answered "All."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Play them "all" she did, but Jordan found less success in playing women of higher social standing with some individuals believing that she lacked the "artifice and incisiveness" of other actresses who commonly played such roles.<ref name="odnb"/>

In addition to playing at Drury Lane and Covent Garden, Jordan continued to return to the provincial circuits. She returned to Wilkinson's Circuit in York several times, as well as Edinburgh, Margate, Liverpool, Bath, Bristol, and Manchester.

Her engagement at Drury Lane lasted until 1809, and she played a large variety of parts. During the rebuilding of Drury Lane she played at the Haymarket; she transferred her services in 1811 to Covent Garden. Here, in 1814, she made her last appearance on the London stage, and the following year, at Margate, retired altogether.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: | 

   |{{#ifeq: Jordan, Dorothea |
                |{{#ifeq: |
                             |File:PD-icon.svg 
                             |File:Wikisource-logo.svg 
                           }}
                |File:Wikisource-logo.svg 
               }}
  }}{{#ifeq:  |
   |{{#ifeq: 1 |
                                    |This article
                                    |One or more of the preceding sentences
                                   }} incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 
  }}{{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:|list|wrap}}|_template=cite EB1911
   |_exclude=footnote, inline, noicon, no-icon, noprescript, no-prescript, _debug

   | noicon=1
  }}{{#ifeq:  ||}}</ref>

During her time on the stage, she wrote the popular song "The Bluebells of Scotland", published under her name around 1800.<ref>British Musical Biography: A Dictionary of Musical Artists, Authors, and Composers Born in Britain and Its Colonies, James Duff Brown and Stephen Samuel Stratton, Birmingham, England: S. S. Stratton, 1897, p. 225</ref>

In 1815, the renowned theatre critic, William Hazlitt, wrote:<ref name=":2" /> Template:Quote

Relationships and childrenEdit

File:William IV by Sir Martin Archer Shee.jpg
Portrait of the Duke of Clarence by Martin Archer Shee, 1800. Jordan was in a long-standing relationship with the third son of George III who later inherited the throne as William IV

Charles DoyneEdit

While working as a milliner's assistant, she received her first proposal of marriage, from a man known to posterity only as Smith, whose father considered her much too young to marry. The next proposal came when she was acting in Waterford, where she spent a summer while the Dublin theatres were closed. There she met Charles Doyne, an army lieutenant. He "felt hopeful" of being accepted, but her mother regarded him as unsuitable, and Jordan returned to Dublin intent on success in the theatre.<ref>Claire Tomalin, Mrs Jordan's Profession, pp. 17, 20.</ref>

Richard DalyEdit

She had an affair with Richard Daly, who was manager of Dublin's Crow Street Theatre and then of Smock Alley. Daly was married, and she had an illegitimate child with him:

Jordan's work with Richard Daly helped establish her as an actress in Dublin until the two separated and she left for England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

She then went to work for the theatre company operated by Tate Wilkinson. It was at this point she adopted the name Mrs. Jordan – a reference to her escape across the Irish Sea, likened to the River Jordan.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The name "Mrs Jordan" was also reportedly given to her by Richard Daly for "motherly reasons", soon after she gave birth to their first illegitimate child.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She appeared at Wilkinson's York Circuit theatres, including The Theatre, Leeds, where she complained of uncomfortable working conditions.<ref name="Leodis">Leodis, Discovering Leeds: The Theatre Retrieved 17 December 2013</ref>

George InchbaldEdit

Shortly after her affair with Daly was over, she began an affair with George Inchbald, the male lead in the Wilkinson company. According to biographer Claire Tomalin, Jordan had hopes of their marrying, but he was wary of committing himself; later he regretted this and proposed to her, but she turned him down.<ref>Claire Tomalin, Mrs Jordan's Profession, pp. 37, 72.</ref>

Richard FordEdit

In late 1786, Jordan began an affair with Sir Richard Ford, then a police magistrate and lawyer. She moved in with him, believing he intended marriage.<ref>Claire Tomalin, Mrs Jordan's Profession, p. 75.</ref> They had three illegitimate children:<ref>Philip H. Highfill, Kalman A. Burnim, Edward A. Langhans: A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and others Stage Personnel in London, vol. 8: Hough to Keyse, p. 259. [retrieved 4 December 2014].</ref>

  • Dorothea Maria Ford (born August 1787, married in 1809 to Frederick Edward March, a natural son of Lord Henry FitzGerald).<ref>According to Anthony Camp, she was a mistress of the Duke of Clarence for some time after her marriage. Anthony J. Camp: Royal Mistresses and Bastards, No. 15-24 Template:Webarchive [retrieved 5 December 2014].</ref>
  • A son (who died at birth in October or November 1788).
  • Lucy Hester Ford (born 1789, died 1850,<ref name=":0" /> married Samuel Hawker—later General and Sir—in 1810).

She left Ford when marriage was no longer possible.<ref>pg. 90 & 91, Ladies of the Bedchamber, Dennis Friedman</ref> Jordan's children were placed under the care of her sister Hester, who moved with them to a house in Brompton. According to a settlement dated 4 November 1791, Jordan transferred all her savings to Ford and Hester for the maintenance and education of the children; in addition, she allowed them an annual payment and granted Hester an allowance for her services.<ref>The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, p. 693. [retrieved 4 December 2014].</ref><ref>Philip H. Highfill, Kalman A. Burnim, Edward A. Langhans: A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and others Stage Personnel in London, vol. 8: Hough to Keyse, p. 253. [retrieved 4 December 2014].</ref>

William IVEdit

File:The Devil to pay;- the wife metamorphos'd, or Neptune reposing, after Fording the Jordan (BM 1868,0808.6115).jpg
In this 1791 James Gillray cartoon, Jordan is depicted in bed with the Duke of Clarence.

In 1790, Jordan became the mistress of Prince William, Duke of Clarence, the third son of King George III. He had met her at Drury Lane. She began living with him first at Clarence Lodge and later, in 1797, at Bushy House.<ref>Google Books The Story of Dorothy Jordan Armstrong, Clare & Jerrold, Bridgman. Ayer Publishing, 1969. Template:ISBN </ref> Together they had 10 illegitimate children, all of whom took the surname FitzClarence:

During this time, Jordan was granted a yearly stipend of £1,200 (Template:Inflation), but she continued to perform at both Drury Lane and Covent Garden as well as on provincial tours until her 1811 separation from Prince William.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="autogenerated1" /> In 1811, Jordan was given an annual stipend of £4,400 (Template:Inflation) by Prince William and custody of their daughters while he retained custody of their sons. Half of her stipend was specifically earmarked for the care of the children with a stipulation stating that in order to continue receiving that money, and retain custody, Jordan must not return to the stage.<ref name="odnb" />

Later life and deathEdit

In 1814, when her son-in-law, Thomas Alsop, became heavily in debt, Jordan returned to the stage to help pay off that debt. Prince William took legal action and removed their remaining daughters from her care and ended Jordan's yearly stipend. Jordan had written letters to British theatres and newspapers pleading with them to rehire her, acknowledging her previous affairs and business dealings with some of her past companions.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

Jordan sold her home in 1815 and moved to Boulogne, France, assuming the alias Mrs. James or Madame James or Mrs. Johnson. Not having been summoned back to England, she moved to Versailles by the end of the year. Soon after, she moved to Saint-Cloud, near Paris. While in France, she was defrauded by her eldest daughter, Frances, and son-in-law, Thomas Alsop, after they accumulated large sums of debt in her name. During this time, both her mental and physical health declined, and she suffered from "bilious attacks, pains in her side, swollen ankles, shortness of breath and increasing general weakness". She wrote in a letter "it is not, believe me, the feelings of pride, avarice, or the absence of those comforts I have all my life been accustomed to, that is killing me by inches; it is the loss of my only remaining comfort, the hope I used to live on from time to time, of seeing my children".

She died alone on 5 July 1816 from a ruptured blood vessel caused by violent inflammation of the chest.<ref name="odnb"/><ref name=":5" /> She was buried in the town cemetery of Saint-Cloud.

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

SourcesEdit

External linksEdit

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Dorothea_Jordan&oldid=106891"