Elastic cartilage

Template:Infobox anatomy Elastic cartilage, fibroelastic cartilage or yellow fibrocartilage <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a type of cartilage present in the pinnae (auricles) of the ear giving it shape,<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> provides shape for the lateral region of the external auditory meatus,<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> medial part of the auditory canal<ref name=":1" /> Eustachian tube, corniculate and cuneiform laryneal cartilages,<ref name=":1" /> and the epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen type II fibers.<ref name=dictionary>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The principal protein is elastin.

Structure

Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to hyaline cartilage but contains many yellow elastic fibers lying in a solid matrix. These fibers form bundles that appear dark under a microscope. The elastic fibers require special staining since when it is stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain it appears the same as hyaline cartilage.<ref name=":1" /> Verhoeff van Geison stains are used (giving the elastic fibers a black color), but aldehyde fuchsin stains, Weigert's elastic stains, and orcein stains also work.<ref name=":1" /> These fibers give elastic cartilage great flexibility so that it is able to withstand repeated bending. Similarly to hyaline one or multiple chondrocytes lie between the spaces (or lacunea) in the fibres.<ref name=":0" /> The chondrocytes only make up 2% of the tissue's volume.<ref name=":0" /> Chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix are contained in an outerlayer named the perichondrium<ref name=":0" /> (which is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage which is independent of the joint).<ref name=":1" /> It is found in the epiglottis (part of the larynx), and the pinnae (the external ear flaps of many mammals). Elastin fibers stain dark purple/black with Verhoeff's stain.

The extracellular matrix contains elastin, fibrillin, glycoproteins, collagen types II, IX, X, and XI, and the proteoglycan aggrecan.<ref name=":0" /> the components within the extracellular matrix are produced by the chondroblasts located within the edges of the perichondrium.<ref name=":0" />

Elastic fibers within the extracellular matrix are made up of elastin proteins which co-polymerize with fibrillin forming fiber-like elastic chains.<ref name=":0" /> When the elastic fibers are relaxed the elastic chains appear disorganized, when tensile pressure is give the elastic chains appear organized and return to a disorganized state when the pressure is released.<ref name=":0" />

Collagen fibers form networks to provide strength and structural framework for the molecules within the extracellular matrix.<ref name=":0" />

Function

• Provide support<ref name=":0" />
• Maintain shape in response to tension, compression, and bending<ref name=":0" />

See also

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

References

Template:Gray's <references />

External links

• Template:OklahomaHistology - "epiglottis"
• Template:BUHistology
• Histology at ucsd.edu
• Template:AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic

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