Elections in Bulgaria
Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Bulgaria elects a head of state—the president—and a legislature on a national level. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people directly. The National Assembly (Narodno Sabranie) has 240 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system in which usually no party receives a required majority and parties have to collaborate to form governments, generally via confidence and supply or coalition agreements.
Result in historyEdit
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Parliamentary electionsEdit
Parliamentary elections have been held in Bulgaria since 1879. There was a period when partisan politics was banned from 1934 to 1944; in the wake of the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934 and the sequential personal rule of Tsar Boris III. There was also period of single party system between 1945 and 1989, during the People's Republic of Bulgaria, during which only candidates sanctioned by authorities could run. This, in practice, gave the Bulgarian Communist Party and its collaborators a monopoly on power.
Until 1945 there was no universal suffrage for the women. The table below show the elections since 1990, when the government became a democratic republic.
All elections since 1991 have had 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. The two elections that differed from this model was the 1990 Grand National Assembly election, where 400 representatives were elected: half by proportional representation and half by first-past-the-post voting. The other exception was the 2009 election when 209 representatives were elected by proportional representation and 31 through first past the post; seats corresponding to the provinces and the largest cities.
The latest parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 27 October 2024.
Parliamentary election resultsEdit
| Turnout | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | 1990 | 1991 | 1994 | 1997 | 2001 | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | 2014 | 2017 | April 2021 | July 2021 | Nov 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| 99.92% | 90.78% | 83.87% | 75.23% | 58.87% | 66.63% | 55.76% | 60.64% | 52.47% | 49.51% | 52.57% | 49.1% | 40.39% | 38.64% | 39.30% | 40.63% | 33.4% |
Recent electionsEdit
Presidential electionEdit
Presidential elections have been held since 1992. From 1996 onwards, presidential elections have been held every five years. {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
{{#section-h:2021 Bulgarian general election|Results}}
European Parliament electionsEdit
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Past European Parliament elections since 2007Edit
- 2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2009 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
- 2019 European Parliament election in Bulgaria
ReferendumsEdit
Four nationwide referendums have been held in Bulgaria since it gained its De Facto independence in 1878:
- On 19 November 1922 the question was if criminals from the three previous wars were to be prosecuted;<ref name=DD>Bulgarien, 19. November 1922 : Anklage gegen Kriegsverbrecher Direct Democracy</ref>
- On 8 September 1946 the question was if Bulgaria was to remain a monarchy or become a republic;<ref>Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p368 Template:ISBN</ref>
- On 16 May 1971 the nation's approval of a new constitution was asked;<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p368</ref>
- On 27 January 2013 the question was if Bulgaria should develop its nuclear power by building a new nuclear power plant.<ref name=BBC>Q&A: Bulgaria's nuclear energy referendum BBC News, 25 January 2013</ref><ref>Bulgarians vote in referendum on nuclear energy Deutsche Welle</ref>
- On 25 October 2015 the question was if Bulgaria should introduce electronic voting.
- On 6 November 2016 voters were asked three questions. The questions were: Whether they supported limiting public funding of political parties; the introduction of compulsory voting in elections and referendums; and changing the electoral system for the National Assembly to the two-round system.
Several regional referendums have been held as well.
Local electionsEdit
Recent electionsEdit
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009 Template:Webarchive
- Adam Carr's Election Archive
- Ms Lyubka Savkova's Bulgarian Party Politics and Public Opinion Research Website hosted by the University of Sussex
- Parties and Elections
- Народно събрание на Република България/National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria Template:Webarchive
- Bulgarian News Agency
- Blog in English about the Bulgarian elections in 2009 Template:Webarchive
- NSD: European Election Database - Bulgaria Template:Webarchive publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2009
Template:Bulgarian elections Template:Elections in Europe Template:Bulgaria topics