Emperor Go-Reizei

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox royalty

Template:Nihongo was the 70th emperor of Japan,<ref name="kunaicho">Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 後冷泉天皇 (70)</ref> according to the traditional order of succession.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 76.</ref>

Go-Reizei's reign spanned the years 1045–1068.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 162–166; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 311–314; ; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 197-198.</ref>

This 11th century sovereign was named after the 10th century Emperor Reizei and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Reizei". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Reizei, the second", or as "Reizei II".

BiographyEdit

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)<ref>Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> was Chikahito-shinnō (親仁親王).<ref>Titsingh, p. 162; Brown, p. 311, Varley, p. 197.</ref> He was the eldest son of Emperor Go-Suzaku. His mother was Fujiwara no Kishi (藤原嬉子), formerly Naishi-no kami, daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Go-Reizei had three Empresses and no Imperial sons or daughters.<ref name="b311">Brown, p. 311.</ref>

Events of Go-Reizei's lifeEdit

File:Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg

Decorative emblems (kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found at Ryōan-ji. Go-Reizei is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence of Hosokawa Katsumoto before the Ōnin War.

When Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated on February 5, 1045, his eldest son received the succession (‘‘senso’’) on the same day. Emperor Go-Reizei formally acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) shortly after, and the era name was changed the following year to mark the beginning of his reign.<ref>Brown, p. 311; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.</ref><ref name="b311" /> His father Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37 on February 7, 1045, of unknown causes<ref>Titsingh, p. 160; Brown, p. 311.</ref> The one major event in Go-Reizei's life occurred in the year 1051, when Abe no Sadatō and Munetō instigated a rebellion that became known as the Zenkunen War (1051–1062). In response, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is appointed governor of Mutsu and he is named chinjufu shōgun. He is given these titles and powers so that he will be able to restore peace in the north. Yoriyoshi would have been the first to receive this specific shogunal title, although his grandfather (Minamoto no Tsunemoto) had been seitō fuku-shōgun (assistant commander for pacification of the east).<ref>Varley, pp. 197–198.</ref> Go-Reizei later died on May 22, 1068, at the age of 44 leaving no direct heirs to the throne.<ref name="b313">Brown, p. 313; Varley, p. 198.</ref> He was succeeded by his father's second son Takahito-shinnō aka Emperor Go-Sanjō.

The actual site of Go-Reizei's grave is known.<ref name="kunaicho"/> This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) though at Kyoto. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Go-Reizei's mausoleum. It is formally named Enkyo-ji no misasagi.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 421.</ref> Go-Reizei is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji Temple in Kyoto.<ref>The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places of Uda, Kazan, Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizei, Go-Sanjō, and Horikawa.</ref> The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Reizei is today named Shu-zan. The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Reizei died.<ref name="msocher277">Moscher, Gouveneur. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide, pp. 277–278.</ref> These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.<ref name="msocher277"/>

KugyōEdit

Template:Nihongo is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Reizei's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Kampaku, Fujiwara Yorimichi, 992–1074.<ref name="b312">Brown, p. 312.</ref>
Kampaku, Fujiwara Norimichi, 997–1075.<ref name="b312">Brown, p. 312.</ref>
Daijō-daijin, Fujiwara Yorimichi.<ref name="b312"/>
Sadaijin, Fujiwara Norimichi.<ref name = "b312"/>
Sadaijin
Udaijin, Fujiwara Sanesuke, 957–1046.<ref name = "b312"/>
Udaijin, Fujiwara Yorimune, 993–1065.<ref name="b312"/>
Udaijin, Fujiwara Morozane, 1042–1101.<ref name = "b313"/>
Nadaijin, Template:Ill, 1009–1077.<ref name="b313" />
Dainagon

Eras of Go-Reizei's reignEdit

The years of Go-Reizei's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.<ref>Titsingh, pp. 161–166; Brown, p. 313.</ref>

Kantoku (1044–1046)
Eishō (1046–1053)
Tengi (1053–1058)
Kōhei (1058–1065)
Jiryaku (1065–1069)

Empresses and consortsEdit

Empress (Chūgū): Imperial Princess Shōshi (章子内親王, 1027–1105) later Nijō-in (二条院), Emperor Go-Ichijo’s daughter.
Empress (Kōgō): Fujiwara no Hiroko (藤原寛子; 1036–1127) later Shijō no Miya (四条宮), Fujiwara no Yorimichi‘s daughter
Empress (Kōgō): Fujiwara no Kanshi (藤原歓子; 1021–1102) later Ono-no-Kōtaigō (小野皇太后), Fujiwara no Norimichi‘s daughter
- First Son (1049)
Consort: Sugawara family's daughter
- Second son: Takashina Tameyuki (高階為行; 1059–1107)