Erhard Schmidt
Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox scientist
Erhard Schmidt (13 January 1876 – 6 December 1959) was a Baltic German mathematician whose work significantly influenced the direction of mathematics in the twentieth century.<ref name="mactutor">Template:MacTutor Biography</ref> Schmidt was born in Tartu (Template:Langx), in the Governorate of Livonia (now Estonia).
MathematicsEdit
His advisor was David Hilbert<ref name="Hilbert"/> and he was awarded his doctorate from University of Göttingen in 1905. His doctoral dissertation was entitled {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and was a work on integral equations.<ref name="Hilbert"/> Together with David Hilbert he made important contributions to functional analysis. Ernst Zermelo credited conversations with Schmidt for the idea and method for his classic 1904 proof of the Well-ordering theorem from an "Axiom of choice", which has become an integral part of modern set theory.<ref>Template:Harvnb.</ref>
After the war, in 1948, Schmidt founded and became the first editor-in-chief of the journal {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref name="mactutor"/>
National SocialismEdit
During World War II Schmidt held positions of authority at the University of Berlin and had to carry out various Nazi resolutions against the Jews—a job that he apparently did not do well, since he was criticized at one point for not understanding the "Jewish question". At the celebration of Schmidt's 75th birthday in 1951 a prominent Jewish mathematician, Hans Freudenthal, who had survived the Nazi years, spoke of the difficulties that Schmidt faced during that period without criticism.<ref name="mactutor"/> Schmidt was, however, a conservative and a nationalist, and defended Hitler after Kristallnacht, telling Issai Schur that "Suppose we had to fight a war to rearm Germany, unite with Austria, liberate the Saar and the German part of Czechoslovakia. Such a war would have cost us half a million young men. But everybody would have admired our victorious leader. Now, Hitler has sacrificed half a million Jews and has achieved great things for Germany. I hope some day you will be recompensed but I am still grateful to Hitler".<ref>Sanford L. Segal, Mathematicians Under the Nazis, Princeton University Press 2003, Page 358.</ref>
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ReferencesEdit
- Template:Cite journal Reprinted in English translation as "Proof that every set can be well-ordered", van Heijenoort 1976, pp. 139–141.