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Eugène Fromentin

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Template:Infobox artist Eugène Fromentin ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; 24 October 1820Template:Snd27 August 1876) was a French painterTemplate:Sfn and writer.Template:Sfn

Life and careerEdit

He was born in La Rochelle. After leaving school he studied for some years under Louis Cabat, the landscape painter. Fromentin was one of the earliest pictorial interpreters of Algeria, having been able, while quite young, to visit the land and people that suggested the subjects of most of his works, and to store his memory as well as his portfolio with the picturesque and characteristic details of North African life. His first great success was produced at the Salon of 1847, by the Gorges de la Chiffa. In 1849, he was awarded a medal of the second class.Template:Sfn

In 1852, he paid a second visit to Algeria, accompanying an archaeological mission, and then completed that minute study of the scenery of the country and of the habits of its people which enabled him to give to his after-work the realistic accuracy that comes from intimate knowledge.Template:Sfn

His books include {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ("The Masters of Past Time", 1876),Template:Sfn an influential appreciation of Early Netherlandish painting and the Northern Baroque of the Old Masters of Belgium and Holland, Dominique and A Summer in the Sahara. In {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} he deals with the complexity of paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt and others, their style and the artists' emotions at the time of creating their masterpieces. He is also one of the first "art critics" to approach the subject of The Old Masters from a personal point of view – being a painter himself. He also puts the work in a social, political and economic context, as the Dutch Golden Age painting develops shortly after Holland won its independence. Bernhard Berenson wrote of the book, "I carry Fromentin with me, and read him each evening about the pictures I have seen that he criticizes. He is the only writer on pictures worth his salt, but I do not always agree with him."Template:Sfn

Fromentin, who maintained that "art is the expression of the invisible by means of the visible," was much influenced in style by Eugène Delacroix. His works are distinguished by striking composition, great dexterity of handling and brilliancy of colour. In them is given with great truth and refinement the unconscious grandeur of barbarian and animal attitudes and gestures. His later works, however, show signs of an exhausted vein and of an exhausted spirit, accompanied or caused by physical enfeeblement.Template:Sfn

But it must be observed that Fromentin's paintings show only one side of a genius that was perhaps even more felicitously expressed in literature, though with less profusion. Dominique, first published in the Revue des deux mondes in 1862, and dedicated to George Sand, is remarkable among the fiction of the century for delicate and imaginative observation and for emotional earnestness.Template:Sfn

Fromentin's other literary works include Visites artistiques (1852); Simples Pèlerinages (1856); Un été dans le Sahara (1857); Une année dans le Sahel (1858). In 1876 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Academy. He died suddenly at La Rochelle on 27 August 1876.Template:Sfn

GalleryEdit

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  • Eugene Fromentin - Arabian Encampment - 1949.236 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg

    Arabian Encampment, 1848

  • Eugène Fromentin - North African Landscape - 1970.372 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg

    North African Landscape, 1847 ~ 1848

  • Boerenerf met vee Rijksmuseum SK-A-3304.jpeg

    Boerenerf met vee [Farmyard with livestock], 1849

  • Arabs Watering their Horses by Eugène Fromentin, San Diego Museum of Art.JPG

    Arabs Watering Their Horses, ca. 1850

  • Eugène Fromentin - Arab Woman - 1964.30 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif

    Arab woman, 1852

  • Françoise Foliot - Eugène Fromentin - Enterrement maure.jpg

    Enterrement maure [Moorish burial], 1853

  • Gazette des beaux-arts (1859) (14781600982).jpg

    La rue Bab-el-Gharbi, à El-Aghouat, 1859Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

  • Kabyle Shepherd, by Eugène Fromentin.JPG

    Kabyle Shepherd, 1861

  • E. Fromentin.Cavaliers arabes.Musée La Rochelle.jpg

    Cavaliers arabes ou la rencontre [Arab Horsemen or the Encounter], 1862

  • Eugène fromentin, caccia al falcone in algeria, la corsa, 1863 (cropped).JPG
  • Eugène Fromentin - Windstorm on the Esparto Plains of the Sahara (1864) (Sotheby's) 095l1905-b9dd9.jpg

    Windstorm on the Esparto Plains of the Sahara, 1864

  • Eugène Fromentin - Coup de vent sur les plaines d'Alfa.jpg

    Coup de vent sur les plaines d'alfa [Gust of Wind on the Plains of Alfa], 1864

  • Chasse au héron Fromentin Musée Condé.jpg

    Hunting Heron, Algeria, 1865

  • Eugène Fromentin - An Encampment in the Atlas Mountains - Walters 37195.jpg

    An Encampment in the Atlas Mountains, 1865

  • Eugène Fromentin - Standard Bearer - 17.3254 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg

    Standard Bearer, 1860 ~ 1865

  • Arabs on the Way to the Pastures of the Tell by Eugène Fromentin, High Museum of Art.jpg

    Arabs on the Way to the Pastures of the Tell, 1866

  • Before the Race-Fantasia or The Halt in the Desert by Eugene Fromentin.jpg

    Before the Race – Fantasia or The Halt in the Desert, 1867

  • L'Incendie .PNG

    L'Incendie [The Fire], 1867

  • Eugène Fromentin - Centaures - PPP2517 - Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris.jpg

    Centaures, 1868

  • Eugène Fromentin - Halte de cavaliers arabes dans la forêt.jpg

    Halte de cavaliers arabes dans la forêt [Arab Horsemen Resting in the Forest], 1868

  • Crossing the Ford, Algeria .PNG

    Crossing the Ford, Algeria, 1869

  • Eugène Fromentin - Une fantasia. Algérie - Orsay RF 1838.jpg

    Une Fantasia [A Fantasy] – Algeria, 1869

  • 345Eugene Fromentin Les Tombeaux Des Califes Au Caire02.jpg

    Les tombeaux des Califes au Caire [The Tombs of the Caliphs in Cairo], ca. 1870

  • Ejem Fromanten - Nil çayı.jpg

    Nil çayı (Turkish) [Nile Tea], 1870

  • Eugène Fromentin 001.jpg

    Arabs, 1871

  • Eugène Fromentin - On the Nile, Near Philae - 1900.580 - Art Institute of Chicago.jpg

    On the Nile, Near Philae, 1871

  • Eugène Fromentin - Orientals - 58.32 - Minneapolis Institute of Arts.jpg

    Orientals [Egyptian Females], 1872

  • Fromentin - Campement dans le Sahara.jpg

    Campement dans le Sahara [Campsite in the Sahara], 1872

  • Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876) - The Banks of the Nile - NG3511 - National Gallery.jpg

    The Banks of the Nile, 1874

  • Fromentin--Ravine--1874--Nelson-Atkins.png

    Un Template:Nowrap souvenir d’Algérie [A Ravine: Souvenir of Algeria], 1875

  • Cavalier peint en Algérie par Eugène Fromentin.jpg

    Cavalier peint en Algérie [Painted Rider in Algeria], 1875

  • Eugene Fromentin- La caravane (scène de la vie nomade des Larbâa Laghouat).jpg

    La caravane (scène de la vie nomade des Larbaâ Laghouat) [The Caravan (Scene From the Nomadic Life of the Larbaâ Laghouat)], 1875

  • Eugène Fromentin - At the Well - Walters 37100.jpg

    At the Well, 1875

  • Eugène Fromentin 002.jpg

    Un Souvenir d'Esneh [A memory of Esneh], 1876

  • Eugène Fromentin - Le Simoun 04.jpg

    Le Simoun [The Simoun], 1876

  • Eugene Fromentin Horses Watering in a River.jpg

    Horses Watering in a River, undated

  • Bedouins watering their horses 2001 NYE 08515 0018 000(024840).jpg

    Bedouins Watering Their Horses, undated

  • Eugène Fromentin - Marokkaanse ruiters aan de voet van de Chiffrarots.jpg

    Moroccan Horsemen at the Foot of the Chiffra Cliffs, undated

  • Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876) - Head of an Old Woman - GR.101 - The New Art Gallery Walsall.jpg

    Head of an Old Woman, undated

  • The Boar Hunt.jpg

    The Boar Hunt, undated

  • Départ pour la chasse - Fromentin 001.jpg

    Départ pour la chasse [Departure for the hunt], undated

  • Eugene Fromentin On The Nile.jpg

    On the Nile, undated

  • Arab Skirmish MET 47227.jpg

    Arab Skirmish, undated

  • Eugène Fromentin Le repos des chameaux.jpg

    Le repos des chameaux [The Camels Rest], undated

See alsoEdit

BibliographyEdit

NotesEdit

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Inline referencesEdit

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General references: works by Eugène Fromentin in English translationEdit

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General references: writings about Fromentin in EnglishEdit

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  • Bales, Richard. Persuasion in the French Personal Novel: Studies of Chateaubriand, Constant, Balzac, Nerval, and Fromentin, Birmingham, AL: Summa Publications, 1997.
  • Beaume, Georges. Fromentin, translated from the French by Frederic Taber Cooper, New York: Stokes, 1913.
  • Christin, Anne-Marie, and Berrong, Richard M. "Space and Convention in Eugène Fromentin: The Algerian Experience", New Literary History, vol. 15, no. 3, Spring, 1984, pp. 559-574.
  • Evans, Arthur R., Jr.. The Literary Art of Eugène Fromentin: A Study in Style and Motif, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1966.
  • "Eugene Fromentin", The Art Amateur, vol. 12, no. 1, Dec., 1884, p. 9.
  • "Fromentin, Eugène", Benezit Dictionary of Artists, published online 31 October 2011.
  • Gill, Hélène. "Eugene Fromentin and the Experience of the Desert: Self-quest in the Other's Territory," Chapter 3 in The Language of French Orientalist Painting, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003.
  • Gillet, Louis. "Eugène Fromentin" in The Catholic Encyclopedia, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909.
  • Gonse, Louis. Eugène Fromentin, Painter and Writer, translated by Mary Caroline Robbins, Boston: James R. Osgood and Co., 1888.
  • Harris, Frank. "Eugéne Fromentin: The Painter-Writer", Chapter XIV in Latest Contemporary Portraits, New York: The Macaulay Company, 1927.
  • Hartman, Elwood. Three Nineteenth-Century French Writer/Artists and the Maghreb: The Literary and Artistic Depictions of North Africa by Théophile Gautier, Eugène Fromentin, and Pierre Loti, Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1994.
  • Kaplan, Judith. "Eugéne Fromentin (1820-1876)" in Orientalist Writers, edited by Coeli Fitzpatrick and Dwayne A. Tunstall, Detroit : Gale Cengage Learning, 2012.
  • Magill, Frank N., editor. "Dominique by Eugéne Fromentin" in Masterplots: 2010 Plot Stories & Essay Reviews from the World's Fine Literature, Revised Edition, volume 3, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press, 1976.
  • Mickel, Emanuel J. Eugène Fromentin, Twayne's World Authors Series 640, Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1981.
  • Schapiro, Meyer. "Eugene Fromentin as Critic" in Theory and Philosophy of Art: Style, Artist and Society, Selected Papers, New York: George Braziller, 1994.
  • Thompson, James P. W. "Fromentin, Eugène(-Samuel-Auguste)", Grove Art Online, published online 2003.
  • Wright, Barbara. "Eugène Fromentin's 'Portrait de Jeune Femme' and the Possible Identification of Its Sources", The Burlington Magazine, vol. 116, no. 854, May, 1974, pp. 274–275.
  • Wright, Barbara. "A drawing for 'Hodna': an early painting by Eugène Fromentin," The Burlington Magazine, vol. 155, no. 1322, May, 2013, pp. 324-325.
  • Wright, Barbara. Eugène Fromentin: A Life in Art and Letters, Peter Lang, 2000.
  • Wright, Barbara. "Eugène Fromentin (1820-76)" in Key Writers on Art, volume I, edited by Chris Murray, New York: Routledge, 2003.

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