Eurovision Song Contest 1984

The Eurovision Song Contest 1984 was the 29th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 5 May 1984 in the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTL), the contest was held in Luxembourg following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" by Corinne Hermès. The event was presented by Désirée Nosbusch, who, at 19 years old, remains the youngest person to have hosted the contest Template:As of.

Nineteen countries participated in the contest, with Template:Esccnty returning after a one-year absence, and Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty, which had participated in the previous year's event, declining to enter. The winner was Template:Esccnty with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley", composed by Torgny Söderberg, written by Britt Lindeborg and performed by the group Herreys. This was Sweden's second contest victory, coming ten years after ABBA's win in the Template:Escyr. Ireland finished as runner-up, Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty placed third and fourth, respectively, and Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty tied for fifth place.

Location

File:Luxemburg Grand Theatre 2.jpg

lang}}, Luxembourg City – host venue of the 1984 contest

The 1984 contest took place in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" performed by Corinne Hermès. It was the fourth time that Luxembourg had hosted the event, following the contests held in Template:Escyr, Template:Escyr and Template:Escyr.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The chosen venue was the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, also known as the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, an arts venue inaugurated in 1964, and which had previously hosted the contest in 1973.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Luxembourgish broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTL) initially had difficulty in finding a suitable venue to host the contest and eventually settled on the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which was smaller compared to the venue used at the 1983 contest.<ref name="ESC1984" /> The theatre's main auditorium usually holds an audience around 950 people, however this was reduced with the addition of technical equipment and commentator's boxes.Template:Sfn As a result, only press, members of each country's delegation and diplomatic representatives were allowed to watch the live show at the venue.<ref name="ESC1984" />

Participants

File:Mary Roos – Appen musiziert 2015 01.jpg

Mary Roos (pictured in 2015) represented Template:Esccnty for the second time, having previously come third in Template:Escyr.

Entries from a total of 19 countries participated in the event. Template:Esccnty returned to the contest after a one-year absence, however Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty decided not to participate. The Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) declined to enter as the date of the contest coincided with {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, while the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), which had originally planned to participate in the contest, reportedly withdrew as the quality of the songs submitted for consideration was deemed to be of too low a quality.Template:Sfn<ref name="ESC1984" />

A number of the participating artists in this year's event had previously competed in past editions of the contest. Mary Roos had finished third for Template:Esccnty and made a second appearance for the country in 1984;Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Izolda Barudžija, who had been a member of the group Aska that represented Template:Esccnty, participated again this year alongside Vlado Kalember;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kit Rolfe, lead singer of Belle and the Devotions, had previously performed as a backing vocalist for the Template:Esccnty,Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Gary Lux, who had represented Template:Esccnty as a member of the group Westend, returned as a backing vocalist for the Austrian singer Anita.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Eurovision Song Contest 1984 participantsTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Country	Broadcaster	Artist	Song	Language	Songwriter(s)	Conductor
Template:Esc	ORF	Anita	lang}}"	German	Template:Hlist	Richard Oesterreicher
Template:Esc	RTBF	Jacques Zegers	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}"	French	Template:Hlist	Template:Ill
Template:Esc	CyBC	Andy Paul	lang}})	Greek	Andy Paul	Pierre Cao
Template:Esc	DR	Hot Eyes	lang}}"	Danish	Template:Hlist	Template:Ill
Template:Esc	YLE	Kirka	lang}}"	Finnish	Template:Hlist	Ossi Runne
Template:Esc	lang}}	Annick Thoumazeau	lang}}"	French	Template:Hlist	François Rauber
Template:Esc	BRTemplate:Efn	Mary Roos	lang}}"	German	Template:Hlist	Pierre Cao
Template:Esc	RTÉ	Linda Martin	"Terminal 3"	English	Johnny Logan	Noel Kelehan
Template:Esc	RAI	Alice and Franco Battiato	lang}}"	Italian	Template:Hlist	Giusto Pio
Template:Esc	CLT	Sophie Carle	lang}}"	French	Template:Hlist	Pascal Stive
Template:Esc	NOS	Maribelle	lang}}"	Dutch	Template:Hlist	Rogier van Otterloo
Template:Esc	NRK	Dollie de Luxe	lang}}"	Norwegian	Template:Hlist	Sigurd Jansen
Template:Esc	RTP	Maria Guinot	lang}}"	Portuguese	Maria Guinot	Template:Ill
Template:Esc	TVE	Bravo	"Lady, Lady"	Spanish	Template:Hlist	Eddy Guerin
Template:Esc	SVT	Herreys	"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"	Swedish	Template:Hlist	Curt-Eric Holmquist
Template:Esc	SRG SSR	Template:Ill	lang}}"	German	Template:Ill	Mario Robbiani
Template:Esc	TRT	lang}}	lang}}"	Turkish	Template:Hlist	Selçuk Başar
Template:Esc	BBC	Belle and the Devotions	"Love Games"	English	Template:Hlist	John Coleman
Template:Esc	JRT	Ida and Vlado	lang}}"	Serbo-Croatian	Template:Hlist	Template:Ill

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1984 was produced by the Luxembourgish public broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTL). Ray van Cant served as executive producer, Template:Ill served as producer, René Steichen served as director, Template:Ill served as designer, and Pierre Cao served as musical director, leading the orchestra.<ref name="ESC1984">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.Template:Sfn On behalf of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Frank Naef as scrutineer.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn The overall costs to organise the event were around 35 million Luxembourgish francs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.<ref name="HowItWorks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref name="Rules">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.<ref name="Rules" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The results of the 1984 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in Template:Escyr: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of 11 individuals, who were all required to be members of the public with no connection to the music industry, with a recommendation that there should be a balance between the sexes and that half should be under 25 years old. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and five votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref name="Cumhuriyet" />

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 30 April 1984. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals of 40 minutes were held on 30 April and 1 May 1984, followed by a press conference for each delegation and the accredited press. Each country's second rehearsals were held on 2 and 3 May and lasted 20 minutes total. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 4 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 5 May, with an invited audience present for the second dress rehearsal.Template:Sfn

Dutch designer Roland de Groot was in charge of the set design of the contest for the fourth time, having previously done so Template:Escyr, Template:Escyr, and Template:Escyr, the three previous contests staged in the Netherlands. For the 1984 contest, de Groot's design centred around various shapes which were suspended over the performance area on a series of pulleys and which could be moved around the stage in between the competing acts; this allowed for different backdrops to be created for each entry.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV" /> Each entry was preceded by a video postcard which served as an introduction to that country, as well as creating a transition between entries to allow stage crew to make changes on stage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The postcards for the 1984 contest featured a troupe of actors referred to during the contest as "the Tourists", and focused on the various cultural stereotypes of each of the competing countries and portrayed these a humorous context, often with heavy use of computer animation.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV" />

Contest overview

File:Herreys in 2016 (cropped).jpg

Richard (left) and Per Herrey, two of the three Herrey brothers, who were Sweden's second contest winning act (pictured in 2016)

The contest was held on 5 May 1984, beginning at 21:00 (CEST) and lasting 2 hours and 12 minutes.<ref name="ESC1984" />Template:Sfn The event was presented by the Luxembourgish television presenter and actress Désirée Nosbusch, who compèred the contest in French, German, Luxembourgish, and English; at 19 years old, Nosbusch remains the youngest individual to have hosted the Eurovision Song Contest Template:As of.<ref name="ESC1984" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Among the invited guests present in the audience was Prince Henri, then heir to the Luxembourger throne.Template:Sfn The contest's interval act featured a performance by the Prague Theatre of Illuminated Drawings.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The medallions awarded to the winners were presented by the previous year's winning artist Corinne Hermès.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn

The 1984 contest featured one of the first instances of booing to be heard at the Eurovision Song Contest, which occurred immediately after the UK's entry. Various reasons for the booing have been proposed: these include being a response to football hooliganism which occurred in Luxembourg by English football fans during the qualifying stage of the 1984 European Championship, the use of off-stage backing vocalists during the UK's performance which gave an impression that members of Belle and the Devotions were lip syncing, and allegations that their song, "Love Games", which was heavily inspired by 1960s Motown tracks, had plagiarised previous tracks by the Supremes.Template:Sfn<ref name="ESC1984" />Template:Sfn<ref name="Algemeen" />

The winner was Template:Esccnty represented by the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley", composed by Torgny Söderberg, written by Britt Lindeborg and performed by Herreys, comprising brothers Per, Richard and Louis Herrey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was Sweden's second contest win, ten years after ABBA's victory in Template:Escyr.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was also the thirdTemplate:Sndand, Template:As of, lastTemplate:Sndtime that the winning entry was the first to be performed, following the Template:Escyr and Template:Escyr.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the traditional winner's reprise performance, the group sung part of the winning song in English, with lyrics written by Per Herrey.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn

citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Abbr	Country	Artist	Song	Points	Place
1	Template:Esc	Herreys	"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"	145	1
2	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	39	10
3	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	61	8
4	Template:Esc	Bravo	"Lady, Lady"	106	3
5	Template:Esc	Dollie de Luxe	lang}}"	29	17
6	Template:Esc	Belle and the Devotions	"Love Games"	63	7
7	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"Anna Mari-Elena"	31	15
8	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}"	70	5
9	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"Terminal 3"	137	2
10	Template:Esc	Hot Eyes	lang}}"	101	4
11	Template:Esc	Maribelle	lang}}"	34	13
12	Template:Esc	Ida and Vlado	lang}}"	26	18
13	Template:Esc	Anita	lang}}"	5	19
14	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	34	13
15	Template:Esc	lang}}	lang}}"	37	12
16	Template:Esc	Kirka	lang}}"	46	9
17	Template:Esc	Template:Ill	lang}}"	30	16
18	Template:Esc	Alice and Franco Battiato	lang}}"	70	5
19	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	38	11

Spokespersons

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Known spokespersons at the 1984 contest are listed below.

• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndSolveig HerlinTemplate:Sfn
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndFlip van der Schalie<ref name="Limburgs" />
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndFrancisca Hortelano Notario<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndAgneta Bolme BörjeforsTemplate:Sfn
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndBaşak Doğru<ref name="Cumhuriyet">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndColin BerryTemplate:Sfn

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.Template:Sfn The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV">Template:Cite AV media</ref> The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="scoreboard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
		scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header
rowspan="19" Template:Vert header	Sweden	145		6	6	4	10	7	12	7	12	12	10	4	12	12	3	8	10	6	4
Luxembourg	39				7			7		5	5		8			4			3
France	61	2				2	6	3	10			12		8				4	7	7
Spain	106	10	8	10		6	4	6	3	7	7	2	2	6		12		3	8	12
Norway	29	8	7						1	3					2		6	2
United Kingdom	63	3	1		3	8		2	2	8	1	4	1	2	7	1	4		10	6
Cyprus	31	4		1						4	10		12
Belgium	70		12	12	2	3						8		3	4	5	10		1	10
Ireland	137	12	5	3	10	4	8	10	12		3	7		10	10	10	7	12	12	2
Denmark	101	5	3	8	6	12	12	5	8	10		3	6	4	5	2	5	1	5	1
Netherlands	34		2	7	8		1			6			5					5
Yugoslavia	26			2			3	8							3	8	2
Austria	5									1	4
Germany	34			4		7	2		6		2	5		1					2	5
Turkey	37	6					5		4	2		1	10				3	6
Finland	46	7		5	1	5		4			6		3	5	1	6				3
Switzerland	30	1					10	1	5		8						1		4
Italy	70		10		12	1								7	6	7	12	7		8
Portugal	38		4		5							6	7		8			8

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Sweden received the maximum score of 12 points from five of the voting countries, with Ireland receiving four sets of 12 points, Belgium, Denmark, Italy and Sweden each receiving two sets of 12 points, and Cyprus and France receiving one maximum score each.<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1984<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />

N.	Contestant	Nation(s) giving 12 points
5	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
4	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
2	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
1	Template:Esc	Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".<ref name="Rules" /> Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The contest was reportedly broadcast in 30 countries, with an estimated audience of 500 million viewers.<ref name="Le Drapeau rouge" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Template:Refh
Template:Flagu	ORF	FS2	Ernst Grissemann	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTBF	RTBF1, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:N/A	<ref name="Le Drapeau rouge">Template:Cite news</ref>
	BRT	TV1	Luc Appermont	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		BRT 2	Template:N/A	<ref name="Limburgs" />
Template:Flagu	CyBC	RIK, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	DR	DR TV	Jørgen de Mylius	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagu	YLE	TV1	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		lang}}	Template:Ill
Template:Flagu	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}		Léon Zitrone	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	RFO	lang}}Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Martinique">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	ARD	lang}}	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTÉ	RTÉ 1	Gay Byrne	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
		RTÉ Radio 1	Larry Gogan	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Template:Flagu	RAI	lang}},Template:Efn {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}Template:Efn	Antonio De Robertis	<ref name="Radiocorriere1">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Radiocorriere2">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Template:Flagu	CLT	lang}}	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
		RTL plus	Template:N/A
Template:Flagu	NOS	lang}}	Ivo Niehe	<ref name="Algemeen">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Limburgs">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	NRK	lang}}	Roald Øyen	<ref name="Norsk">Template:Cite news</ref>
		NRK P1Template:Efn	Template:Ill
Template:Flagu	RTP	RTP1	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	RDP	lang}}	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TVE	TVE 2	José-Miguel Ullán	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagu	SVT	TV1	Fredrik Belfrage	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	SRG SSR	TV DRS	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		TSRTemplate:Efn	Template:Ill	<ref name="Je vois tout">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
		TSITemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TRT	lang}}	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	BBC	BBC1	Terry Wogan	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
	BFBS	BFBS Radio	Richard Nankivell	Template:Sfn
Template:Flagu	JRT	lang}}, Template:Ill, Template:Ill, TV Titograd 1, TV Zagreb 1	Oliver Mlakar	<ref name="Borba">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		TV Koper-Capodistria	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		TV Ljubljana 1	Template:N/A
		TV Skopje 1	Template:N/A	<ref name="Borba" />

Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Template:Refh
Template:Flagu	SBS	Network 0–28Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Canberra">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	ČST	ČST2Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Czechoslovakia">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	SvFTemplate:Efn		Template:N/A	<ref name="Faroe">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	KNR	KNRTemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Greenland">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RÚV	lang}}	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	JTV	JTV2	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TeleCuraçaoTemplate:Efn		Template:N/A	<ref name="Curaçao">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TP	TP1Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Poland">Template:Cite news</ref>

Notes and references

Bibliography

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External links

• Template:Official website