Evan Nepean

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Sir Evan Nepean, 1st Baronet, PC FRS (9 July 1752 – 2 October 1822)<ref name="Sparrow n.d.">Sparrow (n.d.)</ref> was a British politician and colonial administrator. He was the first of the Nepean baronets.

FamilyEdit

Nepean was born at St. Stephens near Saltash, Cornwall, the second of three sons of Nicholas Nepean, an innkeeper, and his second wife, Margaret Jones. His father was Cornish and his mother was from South Wales.<ref name="Sparrow n.d."/> The name "Nepean" is thought to come from the village of Nanpean ("the head of the valley"), in Cornwall.

Nepean married Margaret Skinner, the only daughter of Capt. William Skinner, on 6 June 1782 at the Garrison Church at Greenwich. They had eight children,<ref name="Sparrow n.d."/> including Sir Molyneux Hyde Nepean, 2nd Bt., and Maj.-Gen. William Nepean, whose daughter Anna Maria Nepean married General Sir William Parke. Their youngest child, Rev. Canon Evan Nepean, became the Canon of Westminster and a Chaplain in Ordinary to Queen Victoria. His grandson Charles was a Middlesex county cricketer who also played football.<ref name=Times160374>Template:Cite newspaper The Times</ref>

CareerEdit

Nepean entered the Royal Navy on 28 December 1773, serving on Template:HMS as a clerk to Capt. Hartwell. He was promoted to purser in 1775. During the American Revolutionary War he served as secretary to Admiral Molyneux Shuldham, in Boston in 1776 and again at Plymouth (1777–78). From 1780 to 1782 he was Purser on Template:HMS for Captain John Jervis (later Lord St. Vincent).<ref name="Sparrow n.d."/>

On 3 March 1782 (aged 29) he was appointed Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. In this position, he came to have responsibility for naval and political intelligence which led to him running a network of spies across Europe. Template:Sfn<ref>Victoria Syrett "Spies: The Georgian Secret Intelligence Service" Royal Museums, Greenwich, (11 Apr 2023) https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/spies-georgian-secret-intelligence-service</ref><ref>https://Victoria Syrett, "Secret Intelligent Service: The Spies Before James Bond" Royal Museums, Greenwich, (21 Jan 2020) www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/secret-intelligent-service-spies-james-bond</ref> This, in effect, made him Britain's top civilian intelligence official, before the establishment of a formal intelligence service, which did not take place until 1909 with the establishment of the domestically-focused Security Service (MI5) and the foreign-focused Secret Intelligence Service (SIS).<ref>Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (New York: Vintage, 2010) 1-3</ref> He served there until December 1791, when he became Under-Secretary of State for War in 1794, Secretary to the Board of Admiralty 1795–1804, Chief Secretary for Ireland 1804–1805, Commissioner of the Admiralty, and then Governor of Bombay 1812–1819.

He was Member of Parliament for Queenborough from 1796 till 1802,<ref>"Sir Evan Nepean" https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG202986</ref> then moving to Bridport where he remained until 1812. The Bridport Town Hall, designed by architect William Tyler RA, was given a clock tower with cupola, in about 1805, by Sir Evan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=PS>Template:PastScape</ref> He was made a baronet in 1802 and was admitted to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1804.<ref name="Sparrow n.d."/>

In 1820 he was made a member of the Royal Society. In 1822 he was appointed High Sheriff of Dorset but died in office the same year at his estate at Loders.<ref name="Sparrow n.d."/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

LegacyEdit

Places named after Evan Nepean include:

Australia - the Nepean River in New South Wales, the Nepean Highway and Point Nepean both in Victoria, Nepean Bay in South Australia and Nepean Island in the external territory of Norfolk Island.
Canada - the former city of Nepean, Ontario,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Nepean Point, Nepean Bay.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
India - the Nepean Road and Nepean Sea Road in Mumbai.

ArmsEdit

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ReferencesEdit

NotesEdit

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SourcesEdit

External linksEdit

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