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Failsworth

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK place Failsworth is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Convert north-east of Manchester and Template:Convert south-west of Oldham. The M60 ring-road motorway skirts it to the east. The population at the 2011 census was 20,680.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Historically in Lancashire, Failsworth until the 19th century was a farming township linked ecclesiastically with Manchester.<ref name="Top of England">Template:Harvnb</ref> Inhabitants supplemented their farming income with domestic hand-loom weaving. The humid climate and abundant labour and coal led to weaving of textiles as a Lancashire Mill Town with redbrick cotton mills. A current landmark is the Failsworth Pole. Daisy Nook is a country park on the southern edge.

EtymologyEdit

Failsworth derives from the Old English {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and worth, probably meaning an "enclosure with a special kind of fence".<ref name="name dictionary">Template:Cite book Template:Subscription required</ref>

HistoryEdit

Early settlement rested on a road that runs today between Manchester and Yorkshire. This Roman secondary road formed part of a network from Manchester up north, probably to Tadcaster near York.<ref name="Taylor2001">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp The section that ran through Failsworth is still known as Roman Road. It was built above marshland and laid on brushwood with a hard surface. Roman Road has also been known as "Street", a Saxon term meaning "metalled road", indicating that it was also used that later period.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp

Early sources suggest the area was occupied in Saxon times.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp The small hamlet of scattered dwellings made of rough local stone, mud and clay with thatched roofs, may have been stood on ground higher than the surrounding marshland. Daily life would have centred on animal husbandry and agriculture.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp

Unmentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Failsworth appears in a record of 1212 as Fayleswrthe, a settlement was documented as a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} estate or manor comprising four oxgangs of land. Two oxgangs at an annual rate of 4 shillings were payable by the tenant, Gilbert de Notton, to Adam de Prestwich, who in turn paid tax to King John.<ref name="name dictionary"/><ref name="County of Lanc"/> The other two oxgangs were held by the Lord of Manchester as part of his fee simple. The Byron family came to acquire the whole township in the mid-13th century. Apart from a small estate held by Cockersand Abbey, Failsworth passed to the Chetham family and was then sold on to smaller holders.<ref name="County of Lanc">Template:Harvnb.</ref>

By 1663, 50 households were registered.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp Life centred on natural resources, agriculture and stock farming, with many were employed as labourers to work the land, though tradesmen such as a tailor, a felt maker, a shoemaker, a joiner and a weaver supported them. The earliest record of a place of worship is Dob Lane Chapel, dating from 1698.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp

File:Sunrise over Failsworth.jpg
The Parish Church of St John was founded in 1845

In 1774, the 242 Failsworth households contained some 1.400 inhabitants,<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp of whom a high proportion were involved in cloth manufacture. Development of the English textile trade was backed by important legislation between 1500 and 1760: a number of acts were passed to encourage it by the compulsory growing of flax. Grants were made to flax growers and duties levied on foreign imports, though Manchester's extensive linen trade used yarn imported from Holland and Ireland.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp

In 1914 the regular Daisy Nook Easter Fair ceased with the outbreak of the First World War, but resumed in 1920. On 8 June 2007, a 1946 work by L. S. Lowry entitled "Good Friday, Daisy Nook" sold for £3,772,000, then the highest bid ever paid for one of his paintings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Another painting by Lowry from 1953, "Fun Fair at Daisy Nook", sold for £3.4 million in 2011.Template:Citation needed

TimelineEdit

Template:Hidden begin

  • 1212 – First official record of Failsworth in King John's Great Inquest of Service<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp<ref name="Poole1993">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • 1212 – North-western portion of land held by the Lord of the Manor of Prestwick<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1212 – South-eastern portion of land held by the Lords of the Manor of Manchester<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • Mid-13th century – Richard and Robert de Byron acquired both portions of land<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1320 – First record of a named place in Failsworth: Wrigley Head named in the Survey of the Manor of Manchester<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1600–1699 – Population mostly working the land and supported by production of cloth<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1660 – 43 names registered in the town<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1663 – 50 recorded families<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1673 – Earliest record of a place of worship: Dob Lane Chapel<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1700–1799 – Most inhabitants involved in producing linen cloth, others farming<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1735 – Manchester, Oldham and Austerlands Turnpike Trust improves the road between them.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1774 – 242 families recorded, with a population 1,400<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1793 – The first Failsworth Pole erected<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1796 – The earliest day school recorded is Pole Lane School.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1801 – Population 2,622<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1803 – The main Turnpike Road is widened to 60 feet from Manchester to Dob Lane End.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1804 – Rochdale Canal opens on 21 December.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1825 – The first cotton mill built<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1839 – The first mill built by Henry Walmsley<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1844 – Failsworth constitutes a new parish: St John's.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1850 – A second Failsworth Pole erected<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1851 – Population is 4,433<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1859 – Failsworth Industrial Society is officially registered on 22 July.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1863 – The first Local Government Board is founded with nine members.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1878 – Horse-drawn trams are introduced between Manchester and Hollinwood.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1880 – A railway opens between Oldham and Manchester.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1881 – Failsworth acquires its first railway station in April.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1889 – A third Failsworth Pole erected<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1894 – The Local Board is superseded by Failsworth Urban District Council.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1901 – Population 14,152<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1901 – Electric trams replace the horse-drawn ones.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1903 – Merger with Manchester proposed<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1904 – Merger with Manchester deferred<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1924 – A fourth Failsworth Pole erected<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1937 – The Roxy cinema presents its first feature on 20 December.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1946 – Failsworth Urban District Council proceeds with a housing clearance programme.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1946 – The last tram runs in Oldham.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1958 – The fifth and present Failsworth Pole erected<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1973 – Failsworth is officially twinned with Landsberg am Lech in Germany.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1974 – Failsworth becomes part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1991 – Population 20,999<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 1993 – The bicentenary of the first Failsworth Pole is marked.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp
  • 2000 – The M60 motorway link opens.<ref name="Taylor2001"/>Template:Rp

Template:Hidden end

GovernanceEdit

File:Failsworth Urban District Council - coat of arms.png
The coat of arms of the former Failsworth Urban District council

Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, medieval Failsworth formed a township in the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/>

After the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, Failsworth joined the Manchester Poor Law Union, a social security unit.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> Its first local authority was a local board of health set up in 1863 and responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> The board constructed Failsworth Town Hall in 1880.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the Local Government Act 1894, the area became Failsworth Urban District within the administrative county of Lancashire.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> In 1933 came a small exchange of land with neighbouring Manchester; in 1954, parts of Limehurst Rural District were added to Failsworth Urban District.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> Under the Local Government Act 1972, Failsworth Urban District was abolished. Since 1 April 1974 it has formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, a local government district within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/><ref>HMSO. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c. 70.</ref> Failsworth contains two of the twenty wards of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham; Failsworth East and Failsworth West.

Failsworth lies in Manchester Central (UK Parliament constituency), represented in the House of Commons by Lucy Powell MP of the Labour Party.

GeographyEdit

Template:Geographic location

Template:Further At Template:Coord (53.5102°, −2.1575°) Failsworth lies Template:Convert north-north-west of London, as the southern tip of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, sharing borders with Manchester (north to south-west) and Tameside (south to east). It is traversed by the A62 road between Manchester and Oldham, by the former rail line of the Oldham Loop and by the Rochdale Canal, across its north-west corner. The M60 motorway passes through. For the Office for National Statistics, Failsworth counts as part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The land in Failsworth slopes gently from east to west away from the Pennines and from brooks that bound it on the north-west (Moston Brook) and south-east (Lord's Brook). Failsworth has a country park, Daisy Nook, on undulating wooded land on its eastern border largely belonging to the National Trust. It is suited to walking, horse riding, fishing and other pursuits.

DemographyEdit

Template:Further

Population changeEdit

Population growth in Failsworth since 1901
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 1981 1991 2001
Population 14,152 15,998 16,973 15,726 17,505 18,032 19,819 20,951 20,160 20,007
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

EconomyEdit

Failsworth grew as a mill town around the hat-making industry, which continues in the town. This began as a cottage industry before the firm of Failsworth Hats was set up in 1903 to manufacture silk hats. For a time the company had a factory near the former Failsworth Council offices and it remains in the area to this day.<ref name="hats">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other activities include electrical goods manufacture (such as Russell Hobbs) by Spectrum Brands, formerly Pifco Ltd), and plastic production and distribution by Hubron Ltd.

In July 2007, the Tesco supermarket chain opened a 24-hour Extra branch superstore on the banks of the wharf. The move was opposed by shop-owners, who claimed they would have lost customers and may have been forced to close.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Tesco's arrival had been expected to be a catalyst bringing other stores, bars and restaurants to Failsworth.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The only other large store is a branch of Morrisons housed in a building constructed on the demolished site of Marlborough No. 2 Mill.

LandmarksEdit

File:Failsworthpole1.jpg
Failsworth Pole

A Failsworth Pole in Oldham Road was first raised in 1793 as a "political pole", although a local historian suggests there were others before and that maypoles probably stood there for centuries. It now stands on a site from which an earlier one blew down in 1950.

After a major restoration of the Pole, clock tower and gardens in 2006, a bronze statue of Benjamin Brierley was placed in the gardens.<ref>J. McMahon and J. Crompton, The History of Failsworth Pole and the Ben Brierley Statue published June 2006.</ref>

At the road junction of the A62 with Ashton Road West stands a cenotaph built in 1923 for over 200 Failsworth men who were killed in the First World War. Attendances at the cenotaph on Remembrance Sunday remain high at about 2,000.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The annual parade is led by 202 Field Squadron, RE (TA),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which is based in Failsworth. In June 2007 the war memorial was rededicated after a £136,000 makeover and opened by Colonel Sir John B. Timmins.

EducationEdit

The local comprehensive school is Co-op Academy Failsworth, which moved to a new building in 2008 from two buildings known as Upper School and Lower School. It caters for students aged between 11 and 16. The £28-million project brought the town's secondary schooling to come under one roof. It has specialist sports college status.<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref>Template:Update inline

School Type/Status Headteacher OfSTED Location Reference
Co-op Academy Failsworth Secondary School Phillip Quirk 105735 Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Woodhouses VA Primary School Primary School Helen Woodward 105688Template:Dead link Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

South Failsworth Community Primary School Primary School Vicki Foy 105656Template:Dead link Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Higher Failsworth Primary School Primary School Sam Forster 134784Template:Dead link Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

St John's CE Primary School Primary School Louise Bonter 146670 Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

St Mary's RC Primary School Primary School Mary Garvey 105727 Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Mather Street Primary School Primary School Martine Buckley 105649Template:Dead link Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Propps Hall Junior Infant and Nursery School Primary School Gillian Kay 105663
Spring Brook Academy (Upper School) Special School Sarah Dunsdon 143472
SMS Changing Lives School Independent Special School Hecabe DuFraisse 146646

Religious sitesEdit

Name Denomination Leader Location Reference
The Holy Family Church of England Fr Paul Hutchins Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

St John's Church of England Template:Coord <ref name="manchester.anglican.org"/>
Woodhouses Church Church of England Template:Coord <ref>[2] Template:Webarchive</ref>
St Mary's Roman Catholic Fr Patrick John McKeown Template:Coord <ref name="Almanac">Template:Cite book</ref>

<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Hope Methodist Church Methodist Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Roman Road Independent Methodist Church Independent Methodist Clifford Ward Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

New Life Church Assemblies of God Elijah Boswell (Pastor)
Jack Kenyon
Andrew Black
David Newberry		 Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Dob Lane Unitarian Chapel Unitarianist Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Macedonia United Reformed Church Rev Sheila Coop Template:Coord <ref>[3] Template:Webarchive</ref>
Zion Old Baptist Union Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Faithworks Evangel Template:Coord <ref name="genuki.org.uk"/>
Failsworth Salvation Army Community Church The Salvation Army Lieutenants Simon & Victoria Rowney Template:Coord citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

TransportEdit

File:M60 at Cutler Hill, Failsworth.jpg
The M60 motorway from Cutler Hill, Failsworth

Failsworth's main thoroughfare is Oldham Road (A62) between Manchester and Oldham. The M60 is an ring-road motorway circling Greater Manchester, with access via Junction 22. Its completion around 1995–2000 saw the installation of a graded junction and other notable changes to the A62. It led to several rows of buildings around the junction being demolished.

There are frequent buses through Failsworth between Manchester city centre and Oldham on First Greater Manchester's 83 overground service. There is also a frequent service to Manchester city centre and to Huddersfield/Saddleworth via Oldham, with services 180 and 184. Other bus destinations from Failsworth are Ashton-under-Lyne, Chadderton, Huddersfield, Rochdale, Royton, Saddleworth, Shaw & Crompton and Trafford Centre.

Failsworth tram stop in Hardman Lane is on the Oldham & Rochdale line of the Manchester Metrolink. At peak times, trams run every 6 minutes south towards Template:Tram via central Manchester and north to Shaw & Crompton or Rochdale via Oldham. At off-peak times, trams run every 12 minutes to East Didsbury and Rochdale.<ref>Failsworth tram stop Transport for Greater Manchester</ref> Previously this was an unmanned rail station on the Oldham Loop line serviced by Northern Rail services to Manchester Victoria or Rochdale via Oldham.<ref>[4] Template:Webarchive</ref> It closed in October 2009 under Phase 3a of Metrolink extension and re-opened as a tram stop in 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Twin townEdit

Country Place County / District / Region / State Originally twinned with Date
Template:Flagicon (Germany) File:Wappen Landsberg.svg Landsberg am Lech File:Bayern Wappen.svg Bavaria Failsworth Urban District 1974–2008<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Notable peopleEdit

Template:See also

File:Benbrierleystatue.jpg
Benjamin Brierley statue at Failsworth
  • In 1745, "Bonnie Prince Charlie" stayed overnight at the Bull's Head public house.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The weaver, poet, essayist and writer Benjamin Brierley was born in Failsworth and famed for his work in the Lancashire dialect. A statue of him was erected in 1898 in Queens Park, Manchester. There is a bronze statue of him is in the public gardens by The Pole.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Retiring at 25, Farnell has since become a fight trainer and owns a gym (Arnie's Gym) in nearby Newton Heath, where he has tutored David Barnes (BBBofC Light welterweight champion), Anthony Crolla (2006 ABA Lightweight champion)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Frankie Gavin (2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships gold medal winner).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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SourcesEdit

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External linksEdit

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