Ferrari Dino engine
Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox automobile engine The Ferrari Dino engine is a line of mechanically similar V6 and V8 engines produced by Ferrari for about 40 years from the late 1950s into the early 2000s.
The idea for the engine came from Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari, who was the son of Enzo Ferrari. Dino suggested to Enzo Ferrari the development of a V6 engine for F2 at the end of 1955. Soon afterwards, Alfredo fell gravely ill, and he was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. While hospitalized, he discussed technical details about the engine with a recently hired engineer named Vittorio Jano. Dino would never live to see the engine; he died on June 30, 1956, at the age of 24.
The Dino V6 was Ferrari's first V6 engine. The Dino V8 engine was introduced later; the latter used a flat-plane crankshaft configuration.
V6Edit
The production Dino V6 began as a discussion between Vittorio Jano and Enzo and Dino Ferrari about the ideal 1.5 L engine for use in the 1957 Formula Two auto racing series. Jano, formerly of Alfa Romeo and Lancia, pressed for a conventional 60° V6 but the Ferraris were open-minded.
60°Edit
Jano's 60° design incorporated some of his ideas from the Lancia Aurelia, and were used in a number of Formula One, Formula Two, and Grand Prix cars from 1959 through the early 1960s. Appearing in 1958, it used a Template:Cvt bore and stroke for Template:Cvt and produced Template:Cvt in the 196 S. A larger version was also produced, the Template:Cvt Template:Cvt Dino 246 S. These engines continued in the 1962 Ferrari 196 SP and 286 SP. The latter had a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt for Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt.
65°Edit
Ferrari designers began work on the first Dino V6 engine in 1956 and the engine was running by the end of the year.<ref name=fmt_chap8pp129-130>Fitzgerald, Merritt and Thompson, Ferrari The Sports and Gran Turismo Cars, Chapter 8, pp. 129–130</ref> The engine displaced Template:Cvt. This engine was installed in the Dino 156 F2 car and was first raced in the Grand Prix of Naples in April 1957, where it finished in third place behind two Lancia-Ferrari V8 Formula One cars.<ref name=fmt_chap8pp129-130/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The result of the trio's creativity was the world's only 65° V6 engine. The extra 5° between cylinder banks gave Ferrari the straight intakes he wanted. As this engine was not a true V6 but had a separate crankpin for every connecting rod, the crankpins were offset by 55 degrees within every pair of cylinders. This ensured an even firing order for the complete engine as well as an even distance between firing pulses per cylinder bank. Thus the engine was as smoothly running as a conventional 60-degree V6, but had greatly enhanced potential for the design of harmonically balanced exhaust manifolds, giving much better performance. Although the Dino V6 was discontinued with the introduction of the V8 engine in the Dino 308 GT4, the 65° design continues to this day: It reappeared on Ferrari's 1992 456 V12.
The Template:Cvt Template:Cvt engine used in the 246 S produced Template:Cvt with dual overhead camshafts pushing two valves per cylinder. The rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout 1961 Ferrari 246 SP used this same engine, as did the 246 P F1. A bigger displacement engine (Template:Cvt) with Template:Cvt was used for the 1959 Dino 296 S.
The 65° Dino V6 continued in racing after 1962, and made its way to the street as well. The 60° unit was no longer being developed after the SP-series. Ferrari needed to have the engine in 500 production vehicles to homologate it for racing use. The company worked with Fiat to develop a sports car to house it, and the front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout Fiat Dino project was born.
In competition, the 1965 Dino 166 P used a tiny Template:Cvt version of the 65° unit. Both bore and stroke were different from the earlier engine at Template:Cvt and output was impressive at Template:Cvt. Bore was up to Template:Cvt for the Template:Cvt Template:Cvt version found that same year in the Dino 206 SP as well as the 1966 Dino 206 S.
In 1968, Ferrari debuted its own Dino 206 GT, the company's first mid-engined road car. It used the 2.0 L engine from the 206 S transversely-mounted between the rear wheels. In compared with racing 206 S version the engine of road 206 GT was detuned to Template:Cvt. After producing just 152 cars, Ferrari bumped the bore and stroke up from Template:Cvt to Template:Cvt for Template:Cvt. This increased power to Template:Cvt at 7600 rpm and Template:Cvt at 5500 rpm, but the engine block was now made of cast iron rather than aluminium.
The same V6 engine was handed off to Lancia for use in its WRC-champ Stratos in the early 1970s, but Ferrari's Dino had moved on to 8 cylinders.
Applications:
- 2.0 L
- 1966–1969 Fiat Dino
- 1967–1969 Dino 206 GT
- 2.4 L
- 1969–1973 Fiat Dino
- 1969–1974 Dino 246 GT and GTS
- 1973–1975 Lancia Stratos
V8Edit
2.9Edit
The Dino V8, now bored to Template:Cvt and the stroke remained at 71 mm (2.80 in), replaced the V6 in the next line of street Dinos to be produced by Ferrari, the 1973 GT4 and 1975 GTB "308" cars. Although the model name suggests 3.0 L, the V8 displaced only Template:Cvt which rounds down to 2.9 L and was another DOHC 2-valve design.
Applications:
- 1973–1976 308 GT4 (branded "Dino") F106AL
- 1976–1980 308 GT4 (branded "Ferrari") F106AL
- 1975–1980 308 GTB F106AB
- 1977–1980 308 GTS F106AB
Fuel injectionEdit
.jpg){kind=link}
The 1980 "i" models added fuel injection to the existing Template:Cvt engine.
Applications:
- 1980–1982 Mondial 8 F106B
- 1980–1982 308 GTBi & GTSi F106BB
QuattrovalvoleEdit
4 valves per cylinder were added for the 1982 308 and Mondial Quattrovalvole (or QV), bringing power back up to the pre-FI high of Template:Cvt.
A very unusual Dino Quattrovalvole was used in the Lancia Thema 8·32. It was based on the 308 QV's engine, but used a cross-plane crankshaft rather than the Ferrari-type flat-plane. The engine was constructed by Ducati rather than Ferrari,Template:Citation needed and was produced from 1986 through 1991.
The Quattrovalvole was also used by Lancia for their attempt at the World Sportscar Championship with the LC2. The engine was twin-turbocharged and destroked to 2.65 litres, but produced Template:Cvt in qualifying trim. The engine was later increased to 3.0 litres and increased power output to Template:Cvt.
Applications:
- 1982–1985 308 GTB QV & GTS QV F105AB
- 1982–1985 Mondial QV F105A
- 1986–1991 Lancia Thema 8·32 F105L
- 1983–1991 Lancia LC2
2.0Edit
These small V8 variants were chiefly intended for the domestic market, where cars with engines larger than two-litre incurred in an almost doubled 38% value added tax.
In 1975 the company introduced the Dino 208 GT4. The bore was reduced from Template:Cvt but the stroke remained at Template:Cvt. Output was reduced as well, from Template:Cvt. Applications:
- 1975–1976 208 GT4 (branded "Dino") F106C
- 1976–1980 208 GT4 (branded "Ferrari") F106C
- 1980–1982 208 GTB F106CB
- 1980–1982 208 GTS F106CB
TurbochargedEdit
1982 saw the introduction of the 208 Turbo. The 208 Turbo featured Template:Cvt, more than the fuel injected 308 from the previous year. Except for the non-intercooled 208 Turbo engine, all the forced induction F1 and road engines from 1980 to 1989 were designed and developed by Nicola Materazzi due to his experience in fuels,<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name="Delbo">Template:Citation</ref> engines, combustion, turbo and Comprex that had accumulated in his career (Mobil, Lancia, Osella).
Applications:
- 1982–1985 208 GTB Turbo F106D
- 1982–1985 208 GTS Turbo F106D
- 1986–1989 GTB Turbo F106N
- 1986–1989 GTS Turbo F106N
- F106D at the Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari
- 1982 Ferrari F106 D - 52037262237.jpg
- 1982 Ferrari F106 D.jpg
288 GTOEdit
The turbo also served as a development platform for the forthcoming 1984 288 GTO sports car. That famous Ferrari was meant for Group B racing, with a Template:Cvt version of the 308's engine (bore was down by Template:Cvt to meet the regulations of the class). With IHI twin-turbochargers, a Behr intercooler, and Weber-Marelli fuel injection, the GTO boasted Template:Cvt from Dino's engine.
Applications:
- 1984–1985 Ferrari 288 GTO (Designer: Nicola Materazzi)<ref name="Sackey">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Goodfellow">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Mantovani">Template:Cite book</ref>
3.2Edit
The 1985 328 and 3.2 Mondial used a bored and stroked 3.0 QV V8 to Template:Cvt version called the Tipo F105CB. That naturally aspirated Template:Cvt engine boasted Template:Cvt.
Applications:
- 1985–1989 328 GTB & GTS
- 1985–1989 3.2 Mondial
F117Edit
Two prototype Ferrari 408 4RMs from 1987 and 1988 used a 90° rear and longitudinally mounted 4.0 litre (3,999.7 cc) V8 that produces Template:Cvt at 6,250 rpm and Template:Cvt of torque at 4500 rpm. The engine has a compression ratio of 9.8: 1 and a bore and stroke of 93 mm and 73.6 mm respectively, bringing total displacement to 3 999.66 cm³ (4.0 L). The engine also features double overhead camshafts with four valves per cylinder, as well as Weber-Marelli fuel injection and dry sump lubrication.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A transverse mounted transaxle version of the engine called the F117A was built and tested by Ferrari as a possible option for the upcoming 348 but was decided against due to Ferrari's preference for smaller displacement high revving engines. A twin turbocharged version was also reportedly tested, producing Template:Cvt at 6800 rpm and Template:Cvt of torque at 4000 rpm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
F120AEdit
In 1987, the F40 sports car debuted with the Tipo F120A engine. The Template:Cvt Dino-based engine now had a bore x stroke of Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt of turbo boost for Template:Cvt at 7000 rpm and Template:Cvt of torque at 4000 rpm while the US designated engines, code named the Tipo F120 D were rated at Template:Cvt.
Applications:
- 1987–1992 F40 (Designer: Nicola Materazzi)<ref name="Sackey"></ref><ref name="Goodfellow"></ref><ref name="Mantovani"></ref>
- F120 A at the Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari
- 1987 Ferrari F120 A - 52038303756.jpg
- 1987 Ferrari F120 A - 52038819090.jpg
- 1987 Ferrari F120 A.jpg
F120BEdit
The Tipo F120 B, used in the Ferrari F40 LM, retained the same displacement as the F120A, but the output of the IHI turbochargers was upped to Template:Cvt and the compression ratio was increased to 8.0:1 for Template:Cvt at 7500 rpm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Applications:
- 1989-1996 Ferrari F40 LM (Designer: Nicola Materazzi)<ref name="Sackey"></ref><ref name="Goodfellow"></ref><ref name="Mantovani"></ref>
3.4Edit
The 1989 introduction of the 348 and Mondial t saw the Dino V8 pushed to Template:Cvt with a bore x stroke of Template:Cvt. Power was up to Template:Cvt in the Tipo F119D/G, and revised as the Tipo F119H with Template:Cvt in later Ferrari 348s.
Applications:
- Tipo F119D & Tipo F119G
- 1989–1993 348 tb & ts
- 1989–1993 Mondial t
- 1993–1994 348 GTB, GTS & Spider
- Tipo F119H
- 1994 348 GTC
3.5Edit
The 1994 F355 included their first production 5-valve engine, and sported a Template:Cvt longer stroke for Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt. This Tipo F129B was used from 1994 through 1998. It was revised as the Tipo F129C, debuting in 1998 and used through 1999.
Applications:
- Tipo F129B
- 1994–1998 F355 GTB & GTS
- 1995–1998 F355 Spider
- Tipo F129C
- 1998–1999 F355 GTB, GTS & Spider
- 1998–1999 355 F1 GTB, GTS & Spider
- F129B at the Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari
- 1994 Ferrari F129 B - 52038819030.jpg
- 1994 Ferrari F129 B - 52038550459.jpg
- 1994 Ferrari F129 B.jpg
3.6Edit
The 1999 360 Modena retained the Template:Cvt bore of the F355 engine and the 5-valve per cylinder layout, but increased the stroke to Template:Cvt, to raise the displacement again to Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt. Modifications to the intake/exhaust and an increased 11.2:1 compression ratio produced Template:Cvt for the 360 Challenge Stradale. This Tipo F131 was produced from 1999 through 2004.
Applications:
- 1999–2004 360 Modena
- 2000–2005 360 Spider
- 2003 Challenge Stradale
- F131 B at the Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari
- 1999 Ferrari F131B - 52037262147.jpg
- 1999 Ferrari F131B.jpg
The Dino V8 was retired in 2004 with the introduction of the new Ferrari-Maserati F136 engine used in the Ferrari F430.
V12Edit
A new V12 engine family debuted in the 1992 456 as the Tipo F116. It featured the Dino 65° V angle with an 88 mm bore and the same 75 mm stroke as the Dino V8 found in the 348, that was produced at the time of introduction.
It was then revised again as the "Tipo F133" and used in the front engined 550 (5.5 litre) and later in 575M Maranello and 612 Scaglietti (5.75 litre).
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Fitzgerald, Merritt and Thompson, Ferrari The Sports and Gran Turismo Cars, Fourth Edition, 1979, Template:ISBN