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FishBase

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FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish).<ref>Froese R and Pauly D (eds) (2000) FishBase 2000: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM. Philippines.</ref> It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web.<ref name="Pew">Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese Template:Webarchive Pew Environment Group.</ref> Over time it has "evolved into a dynamic and versatile ecological tool" that is widely cited in scholarly publications.<ref>Stergiou KI and Tsikliras AC (2006) Scientific impact of FishBase: A citation analysis Template:Webarchive In: Palomares MLD, Stergiou KI and Pauly D (eds.), Fishes in Databases and Ecosystems. UBC Fisheries Centre, Research reports 14(4): 2–6.</ref><ref>References Citing FishBase FishBase. Last modified 5 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

FishBase provides comprehensive species data, including information on taxonomy, geographical distribution, biometrics and morphology, behaviour and habitats, ecology and population dynamics as well as reproductive, metabolic and genetic data. There is access to tools such as trophic pyramids, identification keys, biogeographical modelling and fishery statistics and there are direct species level links to information in other databases such as LarvalBase, GenBank, the IUCN Red List and the Catalog of Fishes.<ref>Gert B and Snoeks J (2004) "FishBase: encyclopaedia and research tool" Page 48, VLIZ Special Publication 17, Brugge, Belgium.</ref>

Template:As of, FishBase included descriptions of 35,600 species and subspecies, with 329,500 common names, 64,000 pictures, and references to 61,700 works in the scientific literature. The site has about 700,000 visits per month.<ref>According to the FishBase web page, accessed November 2023.</ref>

HistoryEdit

The origins of FishBase go back to the 1970s, when the fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly found himself struggling to test a hypothesis on how the growing ability of fish was affected by the size of their gills.<ref name=Bakun>Bakun A (2011) "The oxygen constraint" Pages 11–23. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref> Hypotheses, such as this one, could be tested only if large amounts of empirical data were available.<ref name="Palomares and Bailly">Palomares MLD and Bailly N (2011) "Organizing and disseminating marine biodiversity information: the Fishbase and SeaLifeBase story" Pages 24–46. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref> At the time, fisheries management used analytical models which required estimates for fish growth and mortality.<ref>Monro JL (2011) "Assessment of exploited stock of tropical fishes: an overview" Pages 171–188. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref> It can be difficult for fishery scientists and managers to get the information they need on the species that concern them, because the relevant facts can be scattered across and buried in numerous journal articles, reports, newsletters and other sources. It can be particularly difficult for people in developing countries who need such information. Pauly believed that the only practical way fisheries managers could access the volume of data they needed was to assemble and consolidate all the data available in the published literature into some central and easily accessed repository.<ref name="Palomares and Bailly" /><ref name=AFS >LarvalBase: A Global Information System on Fish Larvae Template:Webarchive American Fisheries Society, Early Life History Section Newsletter, May 2002, 23(2): 7–9.</ref> Such a database would be particularly useful if the data has also been standardised and validated.<ref name="Palomares and Bailly"/> This would mean that when scientists or managers need to test a new hypothesis, the available data will already be there in a validated and accessible form, and there will be no need to create a new dataset and then have to validate it.<ref>Froese R (2011) "The science in FishBase" Pages 47–54. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>

Pauly recruited Rainer Froese, and the beginnings of a software database along these lines was encoded in 1988. This database, initially confined to tropical fish, became the prototype for FishBase. FishBase was subsequently extended to cover all finfish, and was launched on the Web in August 1996. It is now the largest and most accessed online database for fish in the world.<ref name="Palomares and Bailly" /> In 1995 the first CD-ROM was released as "FishBase 100". Subsequent CDs have been released annually. The software runs on Microsoft Access which operates only on Microsoft Windows.

FishBase covers adult finfish, but does not detail the early and juvenile stages of fish. In 1999 a complementary database, called LarvalBase, went online under the supervision of Bernd Ueberschär. It covers ichthyoplankton and the juvenile stage of fishes, with detailed data on fish eggs and larvae, fish identification, as well as data relevant to the rearing of young fish in aquaculture. Given FishBase's success, there was a demand for a database covering forms of aquatic life other than finfish. This resulted, in 2006, in the birth of SeaLifeBase.<ref name="Palomares and Bailly" /> The long-term goal of SeaLifeBase is to develop an information system modelled on FishBase, but including all forms of aquatic life, both marine and freshwater, apart from the finfish which FishBase specialises in. Altogether, there are about 300,000 known species in this category.<ref name=home>SeaLifeBase – home page Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 21 July 2011.</ref>

OrganizationEdit

As awareness of FishBase has grown among fish specialists, it has attracted over 2,480 contributors and collaborators. Since 2000 FishBase has been supervised by a consortium of nine international institutions. The FishBase consortium has grown to twelve members. The GEOMAR – Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) in Germany, functions as the coordinating body<ref>FishBase Home page. Retrieved 28 November 2018</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and, since February 2017, Quantitative Aquatics, Inc. functions as the administrative body.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The FishBase Consortium
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Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece<ref>Fishbase and Aristotle University Template:Webarchive Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 5 August 2006.</ref>
Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
lang}}, Paris, France
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão – SE, Brazil
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Quantitative Aquatics, Incorporated, Laguna, Philippines

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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