Flag of Azerbaijan
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The national flag of Azerbaijan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), often referred to as the tricolour flag ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), is a horizontal tricolour that features three equally sized bars of bright blue, red, and green; a white crescent; and a centred eight-pointed star. The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable symbol of Azerbaijan. The bright blue represents Azerbaijan's Turkic identity, the red represents progress, and the green represents Islam, which is Azerbaijan's majority religion.
The Azerbaijani Flag Day, held every year on 9 November, was established by Law No. 595 on 17 November 2009. The day commemorates the first official adoption of the tricolour as a national flag by the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which occurred on 9 November 1918. The flag was used by the republic until the 1920 Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan. It was reinstated, with slight variations to the colours and size, on 5 February 1991 following the country's independence from the Soviet Union.
The flag is referred to in the national constitution and mentioned twice in the national anthem, Azərbaycan marşı. On land, the flag is used as the civil, state and war flag; at sea, it is used as the civil, state, naval ensigns, and the naval jack. The Azerbaijani law regulates the flag's use and display, protecting it from desecration. The flag also has official status in Nakhchivan, an autonomous republic within Azerbaijan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HistoryEdit
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)Edit
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On 28 May 1918, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) declared independence. One of the first actions of the republic was the adoption of national symbols. Taking inspiration from the flag of the Ottoman Empire, the ADR adopted its first state flag on 21 June 1918, which depicted a white crescent and a white eight-pointed star on a red background.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The new flag was almost identical to the old Ottoman Empire flag, which also featured an eight-pointed star until 1844 when it was replaced by a five-pointed star.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The similarities between the flags reflected the hegemony of the Ottoman Empire at the time, as well as the ethnic kinship between the Turkic populations of ADR and the Ottoman Empire.Template:Sfn
Within a few months, the newly adopted flag began to be questioned due to it exclusively representing Turkism.Template:Sfn Thus, it was suggested that a new flag be created. The new flag was to reflect three ideas: Turkism, Islamism and the desire for progress. These ideas reflected the official ideology of ADR, which was "Turkicisation, Islamicization, and Modernisation".Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn The formation of these ideas was influenced by the work of Islamic ideologist Jamal al-Din al-Afghani who, in his books "The Philosophy of National Unity and the True Essence of Religious Unification" and "Islamic Unity", wrote that the progress of Muslim peoples is possible under the condition of religious consolidation, national unity and the study of the progressive traditions of European statehood.Template:Sfn
On 9 November 1918, a draft of an updated state flag was approved. Created by Ali bey Huseynzade,Template:Sfn the new flag was a horizontal tricolour of blue, red and green with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star placed in the centre.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
On 7 December 1918, the updated state flag was raised over Azerbaijan's parliament building. In a speech to the parliament, Mammad Amin Rasulzade, the Azerbaijani National Council chairman who had declared ADR's independence, stated: "[...] and for this reason, gentlemen, the National Council has raised this three-coloured flag, which represents Azerbaijan, and this flag, the symbol of Turkic sovereignty, Islamic culture, and modern European power, will always fly above us. This flag, once raised, will never come down again".Template:Sfn<ref name="voa">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Use of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic flag after 1920Edit
After the fall of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in April 1920 following the Red Army invasion, their flag was used by emigrant organizations outside the Soviet Union. During World War II, the ADR flag was used by the battalions of the Azerbaijani Legion, who were military formations of ethnic Azerbaijanis fighting on the side of Nazi Germany. Depicted on the sleeve emblems of the Azerbaijan Legion's uniforms were three horizontal equal stripes of blue, red and green; a white crescent; and a five-pointed star on a red field.<ref name="voa" />Template:Sfn
The ADR flag was used during a congress of Azerbaijanis headed by former Soviet Azerbaijani major Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, held in Berlin, Germany on 6 November 1943.Template:Sfn In 1922, Mammad Amin Rasulzade fled from Soviet Russia, through Finland and to Turkey. While there in 1952, he made a copy of the ADR flag, which he later gave to his friend Gulmirza Baghirov. Baghirov secretly brought the flag to Azerbaijan and hung it on his home in Maştağa in 1976.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was given to the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan in July 2003 and has since been kept in the museum.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1956, a protester named Jahid Hilaloghlu raised the ADR flag over Maiden Tower in Baku, showing his defiance of Soviet Azerbaijan. Hilaloghlu was sentenced to four years of imprisonment and his supporter Chingiz Abdullayev was institutionalized.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Flag of ADR in historical photographs
- Azerbaijan Parlament.jpg
The first meeting of the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, where a tricolour flag was hung. 7 December 1918.
- Azerbaijani delegation in Paris.jpg
Azerbaijani delegation in Paris at the Claridge Hotel during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. The tricolour flag of the ADR is visible in the background, on the chest of drawers.
- Army of Azerbaijan in 1918.jpg
Officers and soldiers of the army of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic against the background of the state tricolour
Azerbaijan SSR (1920–1991)Edit
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On 28 April 1920, Azerbaijan became a Soviet republic, as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Azerbaijan). The state flags of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic were banned during this period.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn While under Soviet rule, the Soviet Azerbaijan used eight different flags. Most of the flags only variated slightly. The adaptations were the result of the chaotic early years of the Soviet Union in the Caucasus. The first unofficial Soviet Azerbaijan flag was used during the Soviet conquest of Baku on 28 April 1920.Template:Sfn
Soviet Azerbaijan's first official flag was adopted on 19 May 1921, in its first constitution under Article 104.Template:Sfn<ref name="azssr" /> At the time, the state language of Soviet Azerbaijan was Azerbaijani Turkic and its alphabet was based on the Arabic script. Therefore, the words A.S.R. were written in Arabic.<ref name="azssr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The eighth and final flag of Soviet Azerbaijan was issued on 7 October 1952. The design was similar to the Soviet national flag but included a horizontal blue band on the bottom, which took up a quarter of the flag's height. The flag's definition was as follows:
Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present)Edit
In the late 1980s, during unrest in Soviet Azerbaijan, the tricolour Azerbaijan Democratic Republic flag was used in demonstrations calling for independence.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn On 17 November 1990, during the first session of the Supreme Assembly of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the 1918 ADR flag was adopted as the national flag of the autonomous state.Template:Sfn This flag was later adopted with the decree, "On change the name and national flag of Azerbaijan SSR". The decree was issued on 29 November 1990 by the president of Azerbaijan SSR and ratified on 5 February 1991 by the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The first constitution since independence was adopted on 12 November 1995 after a national vote; one of the articles described the three-colour flag of the republic.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
On 17 November 2007, the Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev issued a decree "On creation of the National Flag Square" in Baku.<ref name="today.az">Template:Cite news</ref> The square had a 162 metre tall flag pole weighing 220 tons. The flag flown on the pole was 35 metres wide and 70 metres long, and weighed 350 kilograms.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A museum dedicated to the national flag was also built at the flagpole. On 1 September 2010, the flag was officially raised to open the museum; subsequently becoming the world's tallest unsupported flagpole,Template:Sfn until being overtaken by TajikistanTemplate:'s 165 metre Dushanbe Flagpole in 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The flagpole was dismantled in 2017 due the risks of the structure falling onto Baku Boulevard grounds. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Timeline galleryEdit
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- Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918)
- Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
- Azerbaijansovietrep1920-1921.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1921)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-1927).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1924 - 1927)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1927-1931).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1927 - 1931)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1931-1937).svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1931 - 1937)
- Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg
Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930s–1936)
- Flag AzSSR.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1937–1940)
- Flag АзССР.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1952)
- Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.svg
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991)
- Flag of Azerbaijan (1991–2013).svg
Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–2013)
- Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2013–present)
DesignEdit
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The national flag of Azerbaijan consists of three horizontal stripes of equal width, from top to bottom: light blue, red, and green. A white crescent and an eight-pointed star are in the centre. The basic description of the flag, along with its ratio, is indicated in the Constitution of Azerbaijan:
Further specifications of the flag were detailed in the presidential decree, "On the National Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan", issued on 5 February 1991. The ratio was kept at 1:2,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was used during the Soviet era.<ref name="azssr" /><ref name="bayraq">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each stripe fully extends to one-third of the flag's total height. The star and crescent are placed in the centre of the red stripe. The outside diameter of both the crescent and the red inside circle intersects with the diameter of the star. The diameter of the star is one-sixth the height of the flag, while the inscribed circle within the star is one-twelfth the height of the flag.<ref name="bayraq" />
ColourEdit
The flag is coloured green, red, sky blue, and white. The exact specifications for its colours were issued in the 2004 decree "On the Rules of the National Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan". The colour scheme used in 1918–1920, and between 1991 and 2013 is as follows:
| File:Flag of Azerbaijan (1991–2013).svg Colors scheme 1991–2013 |
Blue | Red | Green |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAL | 5015 | 3020 | 6024 |
| CMYK | 100-22-0-24 | 0-100-77-12 | 100-0-42-32 |
| HEX | #0098C3 | #E00034 | #00AE65 |
| RGB | 0-152-195 | 224-0-52 | 0-174-101 |
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The colours, updated in 2013<ref name="Meclis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and ratified in 2018<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and specified in Pantone, are as follows:
| File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Colors scheme 2013–present |
Blue | Red | Green |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAL | 5012 | 3018 | 6018 |
| Pantone | 306 C | Red 032 C | 362 C |
| CMYK | 100-20-0-11 | 0-79-73-6 | 49-0-70-38 |
| HEX | #00B5E2 | #EF3340 | #509E2F |
| RGB | 0-181-226 | 239-51-64 | 80-158-47 |
SymbolismEdit
The bright blue symbolizes the Turkic heritage of Azerbaijan, the red reflects the creation of a modern state and the development of democracy, and green symbolizes Islam.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref name="CIA World Factbook">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the centre of the flag, appearing on both the front and the back, there is a crescent and star, comprising a white crescent and an eight-pointed star.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
While the crescent and star are typically seen as markers of Islam, some historians and researchers disagree about why the eight-pointed star is on the flag. Fatali Khan Khoyski points to the eight letters in the word "Azerbaijan" (آذربایجان) when written in Arabic.Template:Sfn The eight points of the star are also thought to stand for the eight Turkic peoples classified in pre-Soviet times:Template:Sfn Azerbaijanis, Ottomans (Turks), Chagatais, Tatars, Kipchaks, Seljuks, and Turkomans.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It is possible the Kipchaks actually reflect two peoples, the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz, which would make eight.<ref name="sache">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ProtocolEdit
According to Article 2 of Law No. 683 of the Republic of Azerbaijan, dated 8 June 2004 (as amended on 1 September 2005), the national flag must be raised by the following:<ref name="sache" /><ref name="Constitution" />
| Office | Buildings | Vehicles |
|---|---|---|
| President of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Prime Minister of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Speaker of the National Assembly | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Cabinet of Ministers | Template:Tick | |
| Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Supreme Court of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Judicial-Legal Council of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Central Executive Authorities | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Prosecutor of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Central Election Commission of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Chamber of the Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan | Template:Tick | |
| Cabinet of Ministers of Nakhchivan | Template:Tick | |
| Supreme Court of Nakhchivan | Template:Tick | |
| Local executive authorities of Nakhchivan | Template:Tick | Template:Tick |
| Commissioner for Human Rights | Template:Tick | |
| Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly | Template:Tick | |
| Embassies in Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Consulates in Azerbaijan | Template:Tick | |
| Vessels registered in the Commercial Maritime Code | Template:Tick | |
| Foreign vessels within Azerbaijani waters | Template:Tick | |
| Border crossings of Azerbaijan | Template:Tick |
The national flag must also be raised over the buildings, military courts and headquarters of military units and naval vessels of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the following cases:<ref name="sache" /><ref name="Constitution" />
- During the public holidays
- During the military oath
- In the case of awarding of military units or military courts
- When a military unit or military vessel is located on the territory of another country
When hanging upright without a flagpole, the Azerbaijani flag must be placed on the wall of the building in a vertical position, so that the green side of the flag appears on the left.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Legal protectionEdit
Flag desecration in Azerbaijan is considered a crime. According to Article 324 Criminal Code of Azerbaijan "Desecration of the State Flag or the State Emblem of the Republic of Azerbaijan" is punishable by restriction of liberties for up to two years or imprisonment for up to one year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Desecration can be expressed in the commission by persons over the age of 16 of a wide variety of active public actions, indicating a disrespectful attitude towards the flag, for example, its destruction, damage, or cynical drawings or inscriptions.
State Flag DayEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Day of the State Flag of Azerbaijan was established by Law No. 595, enacted 17 November 2009 by president Ilham Aliyev. It is held annually on 9 November. The date is considered a non-working day in the country.<ref name="flagday">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During his speech at the opening ceremony of the State Flag Square, Ilham Aliyev stated that the reason for signing the order on 17 November was that the ADR flag was reinstated as the state flag of Republic of Azerbaijan on 17 November 1990.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
InfluenceEdit
The expression by Rasulzade (Template:Langx; "The flag once raised will never fall!") was the rallying cry of Azerbaijani independence in early 20th century.Template:Sfn In 1919, Jafar Jabbarly wrote the poem, "To Azerbaijani flag" in dedication to the state symbols of Azerbaijan.<ref name=Jafar>Template:Cite news</ref>
The national flag is also mentioned in the national anthem of Azerbaijan, "Azərbaycan marşı" (Template:Translation), in the fifth and fifteenth sentences. The passages have the following unofficial English translation: "With three colour banner live happily!" and "To hold high your honoured flag."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
LiteratureEdit
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External linksEdit
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Template:Symbols of Azerbaijan Template:Asia topic Template:Flag of Europe Template:Nationalflags