Flag of Great Britain

The flag of Great Britain, often referred to as the King's Colour, first Union Flag,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Union Jack, and British flag, was used at sea from 1606 and more generally from 1707 to 1801. It was the first flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the precursor to the Union Jack of 1801.

The design was ordered by King James VI and I to be used on ships on the high seas, and it subsequently came into use as a national flag following the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union 1707, gaining the status of "the Ensign armorial of Great Britain", the newly created state. It was later adopted by land forces although the blue of the field used on land-based versions more closely resembled that of the blue of the flag of Scotland.

The flag consists of the red cross of Saint George, patron saint of England, superimposed on the saltire of Saint Andrew, patron saint of Scotland. Its correct proportions are 3:5. The blue field on the flag was sky blue at first, but over time, the blue began to darken.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The flag's official use came to an end in 1801 with the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. At that time Saint Patrick's Flag was added to the flag of Great Britain to create the present-day Union Flag.

Creation

By James I of England, King of Scots, Orders in Council, 1606:

• Godspeed replica.jpg

  A replica of the early 17th century Godspeed flying the flags of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England

• Flag of England.svg

  The flag of England

• Flag of Scotland.svg

  The flag of Scotland

At the funeral of King James in 1625 the flag was called the "Banner of the Union of the two Crosses of England and Scotland".<ref>John Nichols, Progresses of James the First, vol. 4 (London, 1828), pp. 1043-4.</ref> James had the habit of referring to a "Kingdom of Great Britain", considering that it had been created by the Union of the Crowns. However, despite the personal union which he represented, in practice England and Scotland continued as separate kingdoms, each with its own parliament and laws, for another century. The Kingdom of Great Britain finally came into being in 1707.<ref>Michael Lynch, The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (2001), p. 356</ref> The flag of the new Kingdom was formally chosen on 17 April 1707, two weeks before the Acts of Union of 1707 were to take effect. Henry St George, Garter Principal King of Arms, had presented several possible designs to Queen Anne and the Privy Council.<ref>Linda Colley, Taking Stock of Taking Liberties: A Personal View (British Library, 2009), p. 46</ref>

Scottish variant

The principal alternative for consideration was a version of the flag with the saltire of Saint Andrew lying on top of that of Saint George, called the "Scots union flag as said to be used by the Scots", but this was rejected.Template:Fact

• Union Jack 1606 Scotland.svg

  "Scots union flag as said to be used by the Scots." Template:FIAV

• Proposed Union Jack (Scottish, blue fimbriation of white).svg

  Another early proposal for the Union Jack, consisting of a white St Andrew's saltire with blue fimbriation superimposed over a red St George's cross on a field of white. Template:FIAV

• Proposed Union Jack (Scottish, blue on red, before 1617).svg

  A reconstruction of an alternative version of the Union Jack that appears on a painted wooden ceiling boss from Linlithgow Palace (Template:Circa). Template:FIAV

Proposed versions

In the wake of the personal union between England and Scotland, several designs for a new flag were drawn up, juxtaposing the St George's Cross and the St Andrew's Saltire:<ref name=BBC_20060410/> {{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}} However, none were acceptable to James.<ref name=BBC_20060410>Template:Cite news
· Graphic (archive of Graphic)</ref>

After 1801

With the 1801 change to the British flag, British ensigns and other official designs incorporating it nearly all changed as well, either immediately or when pre-existing stocks were used up. An exception is the commissioners' flag of the Northern Lighthouse Board, whose old stock lasted so long that its anachronistic design became fixed by tradition.<ref>Template:Multiref</ref> The old flag has been included in some later designs to mark a pre-1801 British connection, as with the coat of arms of the Colony of Sierra Leone adopted in 1914<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or the flag of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, adopted in 1995.<ref name="NAVA">Template:Cite book</ref> The Flag of Somerset County, Maryland, briefly used from 1694, was revived after being rediscovered in 1958.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The flag of Taunton, Massachusetts, a reconstruction of an American Revolutionary banner, was officially adopted at the bicentennial of its 1774 introduction;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> similarly, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1973 adopted the 1775 flag of John Proctor's Independent Battalion of Westmoreland County Provincials.<ref>Template:Multiref</ref>

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See also

• List of English flags
• List of Scottish flags
• Protectorate Jack
• Union Flag
• List of flags of the United Kingdom