Foreign relations of Poland
Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists
The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.
The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland) looks after the foreign relations of Poland. As of May 2024 the ministry was held by Radosław Sikorski.
HistoryEdit
Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:
- History of Poland
- History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)
- History of Poland (1795–1918), when it was split three ways between Germany, Russia and Austria and had no foreign policy
- Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) a semi-independent country
- History of Poland during World War I
- History of Poland (1918–1939)
- History of Poland (1939–1945)
- History of Poland (1945–1989)
- History of Poland (1989–present)
Integration with the West and EuropeEdit
After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with the Western world.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Poland also has been an active nation in advocating European integration.
In 1994, Poland became an associate member of the European Union (EU) and its defensive arm, the Western European Union (WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved full OECD membership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.
Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of the Visegrád Group.
the European Union membershipEdit
NATO membershipEdit
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz told a 2014 audience at the Wilson Center that Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992.<ref name="twcch">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Madrid summit. In March 1999, Poland became a full member of NATO. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.
Poland was a part of the multinational force in Iraq.
Diplomatic relationsEdit
List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
File:Diplomatic relations of Poland.svg | |||
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128 | Template:Flag | 5 January 1979 | |
129 | Template:Flag | 14 February 1979 | |
130 | Template:Flag | 30 April 1979 | |
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134 | Template:Flag | 18 February 1981 | |
135 | Template:Flag | 1 October 1984<ref name=":5" /> | |
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142 | Template:Flag | 10 May 1990<ref name=":5" /> | |
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144 | Template:Flag | 17 December 1991<ref name=":5" /> | |
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163 | Template:Flag | 15 July 1993 | |
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166 | Template:Flag | 2 May 1995<ref name=":5" /> | |
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169 | Template:Flag | 20 March 1996<ref name=":5" /> | |
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172 | Template:Flag | 13 September 1996<ref name=":5" /> | |
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180 | Template:Flag | 4 June 2009<ref name=":5" /> | |
181 | Template:Flag | 23 June 2009<ref name=":5" /> | |
182 | Template:Flag | 27 January 2012<ref name=":5" /> | |
183 | Template:Flag | 6 March 2012<ref name=":5" /> | |
184 | Template:Flag | 8 March 2012<ref name=":5" /> | |
185 | Template:Flag | 29 November 2012<ref name=":5" /> | |
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187 | Template:Flag | 11 July 2014<ref name=":5" /> | |
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Bilateral relationsEdit
MultilateralEdit
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Template:Flag | See Poland in the European Union
Poland joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004. | |
Template:Flag |
Poland joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999. |
AfricaEdit
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Template:Flag | See Algeria–Poland relations | |
Template:Flag |
| |
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| |
Template:Flag | See Egypt–Poland relations
| |
Template:Flag | See Ethiopia–Poland relations
| |
Template:Flag | 13 December 1963 | See Kenya–Poland relations |
Template:Flag | See Libya–Poland relations
| |
Template:Flag |
| |
Template:Flag | See Mali–Poland relations | |
Template:Flag | See Morocco–Poland relations
| |
Template:Flag | 25 June 1975 |
|
Template:Flag | 21 March 1990 |
|
Template:Flag | See Nigeria–Poland relations
| |
Template:Flag | See Poland–Senegal relations
| |
Template:Flag | 1988 | See Poland–South Africa relations
|
Template:Flag | 31 January 2013 | See Poland–South Sudan relations |
Template:Flag | 1961 | See Poland–Tanzania relations
|
Template:Flag | See Poland–Tunisia relations
| |
Template:Flag | 1963 | See Poland–Uganda relations
|
Template:Flag | See Poland–Zambia relations |
AmericasEdit
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:Flag | 1920 | See Argentina–Poland relations
|
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | 2 May 1995 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| |||
Template:Flag | 27 May 1920 | See Brazil–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 1935 | See Canada–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 1920 | See Chile–Poland relations | ||
Template:Flag | 1931 | See Colombia–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 1933 | See Cuba–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 1972 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972.<ref>"Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations ". Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015.</ref>
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Template:Flag | See Haiti–Poland relations
| |||
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Template:Flag | 26 February 1928 | See Mexico–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 1923 | See Peru–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | See Poland–United States relations
A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptor missile defense shield, a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Template:Flag | 22 July 1920 | See Poland–Uruguay relations
| ||
Template:Flag | 1933 | See Poland–Venezuela relations
|
AsiaEdit
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Template:Flag | See Afghanistan–Poland relations
| ||||
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See Armenia–Poland relations
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See Azerbaijan–Poland relations
| ||
Template:Flag | See Bangladesh–Poland relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | 1919 | See China–Poland relations | |||
Template:Flag | 1992-04-28 | See Georgia–Poland relations
| |||
Template:Flag | See India–Poland relations
Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Flag | See Indonesia–Poland relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Iran–Poland relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Iraq–Poland relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | 27 February 1990 | See Israel–Poland relations
Poland broke off relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967, following most other countries of the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Bloc. Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communist People's Republic of Poland was transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>"Poland Resumes Full Diplomatic Ties With Israel" The New York Times. 28 February 1990.</ref>
| ||
Template:Flag | See Japan–Poland relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
| |||
Template:Flag | 6 April 1992 | See Kazakhstan–Poland relations
Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Flag | See Malaysia–Poland relations
Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | See Mongolia–Poland relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Poland–North Korea relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 17 December 1962 | See Pakistan–Poland relations
| |||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> 11 April 1989 (formalized)<ref name="palestine"/> |
See Palestine–Poland relations
|
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | See Philippines–Poland relations
|
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}}</ref> | |||
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| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Saudi Arabia relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | 1969<ref name=sin/> |
|
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}}</ref>
| ||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Poland–South Korea relations |
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref>
| |
Template:Flag | See Poland–Taiwan relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Tajikistan relations
| ||||
Template:Flag |
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Turkey relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Turkmenistan relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Uzbekistan relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | See Poland–Vietnam relations
|
EuropeEdit
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Template:Flag | See Albania–Poland relations | ||||||
Template:Flag | 1996-5-15 |
| |||||
Template:Flag | 1921 | See Austria–Poland relations
Austria was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Prussia/Germany and Russia. |
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref>
| |||
Template:Flag | 1992-03-02<ref name="Embassy of Belarus in Poland">"Embassy of Belarus in Poland" Template:Webarchive belembassy.org. Retrieved 26 March 2009.</ref> | See Belarus–Poland relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||
| |||||
Template:Flag | |||||||
Template:Flag | 1920s | See Bulgaria–Poland relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in Nesebar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref>
| ||
Template:Flag | 1992-04-11 | See Croatia–Poland relations
|
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}}</ref>
| ||||
Template:Flag | 1960s | See Cyprus–Poland relations
<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> | ||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Czech Republic–Poland relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | See Denmark–Poland relations
| ||||||
Template:Flag | 1991-09 | See Estonia–Poland relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
| |||
Template:Flag | 1919-03-08 | See Finland–Poland relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
| ||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See France–Poland relations Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times of French Revolution and reign of Napoleon I. Poles have been allies of Napoleon; large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period. The official relations, having cooled down during the Cold War, have improved since the fall of communism. Currently both countries are part of the European Union and NATO.
| |||||
Template:Flag | See Germany–Poland relations
After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Russia. The joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II, and then until 1945, Poland was occupied by Germany and subjected to crimes against its population. During the Cold War, communist Poland had good relations with East Germany, but had strained relations with West Germany. After the fall of communism, Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation in NATO and the European Union.
| ||||||
Template:Flag | See Greece–Poland relations
| ||||||
Template:Flag | 1919 | See Holy See–Poland relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | See Hungary–Poland relations
Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship. |
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Template:Flag | January 1946 | See Iceland–Poland relations
|
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}}</ref>
| ||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Ireland–Poland relations
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in Poznań.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> and 2 honorary consulates (in Limerick and Kilkenny).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Italy–Poland relations |
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| |||
Template:Flag | 1991-08-30 | See Latvia–Poland relations | CitationClass=web
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}}</ref>||See Lithuania–Poland relations Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance and political union since 1385, which was eventually transformed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the greatest historic powers of Central and Eastern Europe. The fall of communism in the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania.<ref name=burzub>Stephen R. Burant and Voytek Zubek, Eastern Europe's Old Memories and New Realities: Resurrecting the Polish-Lithuanian Union, East European Politics and Societies 1993; 7; 370, online Template:Webarchive</ref> Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s,<ref>Polish foreign relations with the former Soviet Republics from the mid-1990s perspective</ref> due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence.<ref name=burzub/> After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining the NATO and European Union.
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Template:Flag | 1921-4-18<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | See Luxembourg–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 11 July 1974 | See Poland–Portugal relations
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Template:Flag | 1919-02-09 | See Poland–Romania relations
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Template:Flag | See Poland–Russia relations
Russia was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Prussia/Germany. The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II. In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During the Russo-Georgian War Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite the Smolensk air disaster where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against Ukraine.
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Template:Flag | 1919 | See Poland–Serbia relations
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Template:Flag | 1993 | See Poland–Slovakia relations
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Template:Flag | 1919-6-3<ref name="msz.gov.pl1"/> | See Poland–Sweden relations
Poland and Sweden formed the Polish–Swedish union in the late 16th century.
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}}</ref>||See Poland–Ukraine relations Both countries share a border of about Template:Convert.<ref name="Prez"/> Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.<ref>Local Border Traffic Agreement With Poland Takes Effect Template:Webarchive, Ukrainian News Agency (July 1, 2009)</ref>
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Template:Flag | 1919-2-25<ref name="britain"/> | See Poland–United Kingdom relations
Poland established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 15 July 1919.<ref name="britain"/> |
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}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004.<ref>The New Atlanticist: Poland's Foreign and Security Policy PrioritiesTemplate:Dead link, pp.80-84, by Kerry Longhurst and Marcin Zaborowski, from The Royal Institute of International Affairs, first published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Template:ISBN (hardback), Template:ISBN (paperback).</ref>
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OceaniaEdit
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Template:Flag | February 1972 | See Australia–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 12 February 2019 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Flag | 1 March 1973 | See New Zealand–Poland relations
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Template:Flag | 6 March 2012 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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See alsoEdit
- List of diplomatic missions in Poland
- List of diplomatic missions of Poland
- Polish involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq
- Poland in the European Union
ReferencesEdit
Template:Reflist Template:CIA World Factbook
Further readingEdit
- Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition Template:Webarchive
- The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696 Template:Webarchive, old fashioned but highly detailed
- Davies, Norman. God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 / Template:ISBN.
- Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
- Template:Cite journal
- Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition Template:Webarchive
- Gerson Louis L. Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920 (1972)
- Hetherington, Peter. Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe (2012) 752pp excerpt and text search
- Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History (2007) 79#1 pp 134–61, in JSTOR historiography
- Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7.1 (2011): 61-76. online
- Korbel, Josef. Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933 (Princeton University Press, 1963)
- Kuźniar, R. ed. Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000 (Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
- Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online
- Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp. excerptTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
- Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert. A Concise History of Poland. (2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp. excerpts and search
- Magocsi, Paul Robert t al. A History of East Central Europe (1974).
- Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
- Prazmowska, Anita J. A History of Poland (2004\)
- Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
- Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (2003).
- Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
- Zięba, Ryszard. Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Springer, 2020) online
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