Formoterol

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| _other_data=(RR,SS)-N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) propan-2-ylamino]ethyl] phenyl]formamide

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| _countSecondIDs={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |CAS_number2 |ATC_prefix2 |PubChem2 |PubChemStructure2 |IUPHAR_ligand2 |DrugBank2 |ChemSpiderID2 |UNII2 |KEGG2 |ChEBI2 |ChEMBL2 |PDB_ligand2 |NIAID_ChemDB2 |SMILES2 |smiles2 |StdInChI2 |StdInChIKey2 |DTXCID2}} | _countIndexlabels={{#invoke:ParameterCount |main |index_label |index2_label}} | _trackListSortletter= |QID = |QID2 = |Verifiedfields= |Watchedfields= |verifiedrevid=461113044}} Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β₂ agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β₂ agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h. Formoterol has a relatively rapid onset of action compared to other LABAs, and is effective within 2-3 minutes.<ref name="pmid8099696">Template:Cite journal</ref> The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report <ref>Template:Cite report</ref> recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preventer and reliever treatment for asthma in adults. In children, a short-acting β₂ adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still recommended.

It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1998.<ref name=Fis2006>Template:Cite book</ref> It is available as a generic medication.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is also marketed in the combination formulations budesonide/formoterol and mometasone/formoterol.

Side effects

In November 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a health advisory alerting the public to findings that show the use of long-acting β₂ agonists could lead to a worsening of wheezing symptoms in some patients.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Nowadays, available long-acting β₂ agonists include salmeterol, formoterol, bambuterol, and sustained-release oral salbutamol.

Combinations of inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators are becoming more widespread – combination preparations include fluticasone/salmeterol and budesonide/formoterol.

Mechanism of action

Inhaled formoterol works like other β₂ agonists, causing bronchodilation by relaxing the smooth muscle in the airway so as to treat the exacerbation of asthma.

Society and culture

Brand names

File:Budesonide and formoterol inhaler.jpg

Inhaler for a powder based in budesonide and formoterol

Formoterol is marketed in three forms: a dry-powder inhaler (DPI), a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and an inhalation solution, under various brand names including Atock, Atimos/Atimos Modulite, Foradil/Foradile, Fostair, Oxeze/Oxis, Perforomist and Symbicort.

• Foradil/Foradile capsules for oral inhalation (Schering-Plough in the U.S., Novartis rest of world)
• Oxeze/Oxis Turbuhaler dry-powder inhaler (DPI) (AstraZeneca)
• Atock (Astellas)
• Atimos/Atimos Modulite metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (Chiesi)
• Perforomist inhalation solution (Mylan N.V.)
• Symbicort Turbuhaler dry-powder inhaler (DPI) (AstraZeneca)

In some countries, Perforomist is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn merged with Mylan to create Viatris.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Uses and combinations

• Arformoterol ((R,R)-(−)-formoterol) — an enantiopure compound used in the management of COPD
• Combination drugs:
  • Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
  • Budesonide/formoterol
  • Mometasone furoate/formoterol