Fort Macleod

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Fort Macleod (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a town in southern Alberta, Canada. It was originally named Macleod to distinguish it from the North-West Mounted Police barracks (Fort Macleod, built 1874) it had grown around. The fort was named in honour of the then Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police, Colonel James Macleod. Founded as the Municipality of the Town of Macleod in 1892, the name was officially changed to the already commonly used Fort Macleod in 1952.<ref name=history>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

File:American Hotel in Fort Macleod.JPG

The historic American Hotel

The fort was built as a Template:Convert square on October 18, 1874. The east side held the men's quarters and the west side held those of the Mounties. Buildings such as hospitals, stores and guardrooms were in the south end. Stables and the blacksmith's shop were in the north end.

The town grew on the location of the Fort Macleod North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) Barracks, the second headquarters of the NWMP after Fort Livingstone was abandoned in 1876.<ref>Historic Fort Livingstone Template:Webarchive</ref> Fort Macleod was originally established in 1874 on a peninsula along the Oldman River, then moved in 1884 to the present town location.<ref>Fort Macleod history Template:Webarchive</ref> The Museum of the North-West Mounted Police is located in Fort Macleod.<ref name=NWMPmuseum>Museum of the North-West Mounted Police</ref>

Once agricultural settlement and the railway came to the region, Macleod boomed. The town became a divisional point for the Canadian Pacific Railway and frontier wood construction began to be replaced by brick and sandstone. In 1906 a fire devastated the downtown and destroyed most of the wooden buildings. From 1906 to 1912 Macleod had its greatest period of growth, as more new brick and stone building replaced the destroyed wooden ones. Then in 1912 the CPR moved the divisional point and 200 jobs to Lethbridge, devastating the local economy. Fort Macleod ceased to grow, and in 1924 was forced to declare bankruptcy. Until the 1970s, the town's economy stagnated and the buildings from the turn-of-the-century remained untouched.<ref name="fortmacleod.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1978 Alberta Culture started to inventory the downtown buildings, and in 1982 the downtown became Alberta's first "Provincial Historic Area". As well, Heritage Canada started a Main Street Restoration Project in 1982, aiming to preserve the sandstone and brick buildings, some dating back to 1878.<ref name="fortmacleod.com"/><ref>Alberta First. Fort Macleod Overview Template:Webarchive</ref>

DemographicsEdit

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Fort Macleod had a population of 3,297 living in 1,342 of its 1,440 total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of 2,967. With a land area of Template:Cvt, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Fort Macleod recorded a population of 2,967 living in 1,226 of its 1,426 total private dwellings, a Template:Percentage change from its 2011 population of 3,117. With a land area of Template:Convert, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2016.<ref name=2016censusABmunis>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

The town is located in the Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26, at the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 3, on the Oldman River. It lies west of the larger community of Lethbridge, near the reserves of the Peigan and Kainai First Nations. It is also located close to the Waterton Lakes National Park.

The town is located Template:Convert north of the McBride Lake Wind Farm, one of the largest wind farms in Alberta. The wind farm has a capacity of 75 megawatts of electricity.

ClimateEdit

Fort Macleod experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

The community enjoys frequent breaks from cold spells in winter when the Chinook wind blows down-slope from the Rocky Mountains. A Chinook on 27 February 1992 caused the temperature to rise to Template:Convert.<ref name= "February 1992">Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Data, accessed 2 August 2016</ref>

The highest temperature ever recorded at Fort Macleod was Template:Convert on 7 July 1896, 18 July 1910, and 17 July 1919.<ref name= "July 1896">Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Data, accessed 2 August 2016</ref><ref name= "July 1910">Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Data, accessed 2 August 2016</ref><ref name= "July 1919">Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Data, accessed 2 August 2016</ref>Template:Efn The coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on 2 February 1905, 17 December 1924, and 28 January 1929.<ref name= "climate"/>

Template:Weather box

SportsEdit

File:Fort Macleod & District Community Hall.JPG

Fort Macleod & District Community Hall

The town is home to the Fort Macleod Mustangs, Senior AA men's hockey team of the Ranchland Hockey League.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MediaEdit

Fort Macleod's local weekly newspaper is the Fort Macleod Gazette.<ref>Fort Macleod Gazette</ref>

Historical newspapers<ref name="Strathern">Template:Cite book</ref>

Macleod Advertiser — published May 25, 1909, through September 11, 1913
Macleod Chronicle — in print approximately July 1908 through June 1909
Macleod Gazette — early issues were entitled The Macleod Gazette and Alberta Stock Record
Macleod News — ran from November 2, 1916, through to June 1919
Macleod Spectator — lasted from April 30, 1912, until October 26, 1916

Notable peopleEdit

Henrietta Muir Edwards (1849–1931), women's rights activist
Frederick Maurice Watson Harvey (1888–1980), Irish-Canadian soldier and rugby union athlete
Sir Frederick Haultain (1857–1942), former premier of the North-West Territories
Joni Mitchell (born 1943), musician
Ryland Moranz (born 1986), musician
Constantine Scollen (1841–1902), missionary
John Wort Hannam (born 1968), musician

FilmEdit

Template:More citations needed The 2005 romantic drama film Brokeback Mountain was filmed in part in Fort Macleod. The laundry apartment is located at 2422 Third Avenue, where a sign is posted marking the "passionate reunion" of Jack and Ennis. Passchendaele was also filmed in Fort Macleod's historic downtown, which acted as a stand-in for Calgary circa 1915. Scenes involving the dust storm and Matthew McConaughey's character were also filmed in Fort Macleod in Christopher Nolan's 2014 film Interstellar, where the giant dust clouds were created on location using large fans to blow cellulose-based synthetic dust through the air.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Francesco Lucente's motion picture drama Badland was filmed mostly in Fort Macleod. Francesco Lucente lived in Fort Macleod from 1974 to 1978. His father Salvatore Lucente owned the American and Queens Hotels during that time.