Free Comic Book Day
Template:Good article Template:Redirect Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox recurring event
Free Comic Book Day (FCBD) is an annual promotional effort by the North American comic book industry to attract new readers to independent comic book stores. It usually takes place on the first Saturday of May and has historically been cross-promoted with the release of a superhero film. Over two thousand participating stores give away millions of comic books annually. The event was proposed by Joe Field in the August 2001 issue of Comics & Games Retailer magazine and Free Comic Book Day was launched in 2002, coordinated by the industry's single large distributor, Diamond Comic Distributors. FCBD has become an official Children's Book Week event and has inspired similar events for German- and Dutch-language comics industries. The twenty-third edition of FCBD was held on May 3, 2025.
OrganizationEdit
FCBD is organized and facilitated by Diamond Comics Distributors, guided by a committee representing publishers, industry journalists, retailers, and its own management.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This committee selects the titles from publishers with the aim of providing a wide variety of what the industry has to offer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The committee also investigates potential dates for the event which are then decided upon by a vote among retailers.<ref name="CBR2005" />
Publishers subsidize the production of the give-away comic books and retailers pay a reduced price for the books that they order. Titles are divided by sponsorship level, price, age rating, and anticipated demand into two tiers; participating retailers are required to carry all titles from the top tier, and may carry any or none of the second-tier titles. In 2007, the costs to the retailer were 12 to 24 cents per copy for the top tier and as high as 50 cents for the second tier.<ref name="Freeforwhom" /> The minimum buy-in is about Template:USD.<ref name="Loudpoet" />
HistoryEdit
Free Comic Book Day was conceived by Joe Field, a California-based comics retailer, event promoter and partner in WonderCon.<ref name="Founder interview" /> In 2001, Field noted how successful feature films based on comic book franchises were providing the comic book industry with a positive cultural and financial turnaround from the speculator bust of the mid-1990s.<ref name="Founder interview" /><ref name="CBGXtra" /> Inspired by Free Scoop Night at the Baskin-Robbins ice cream parlor next to his store, Field proposed Free Comic Book Day in his August 2001 "Big Picture" column in Comics & Games Retailer magazine.<ref name="Founder interview" /><ref name="Loudpoet" /> The column received positive reaction and Image Comics co-founder Jim Valentino suggested having the first FCBD coincide with the opening weekend of the 2002 Spider-Man feature film, in order to take advantage of the film's heavy promotion and related press about the comic book medium.<ref name="Founder interview" /><ref name="Wolverine FCBD" /> The first event was held May 4, 2002, the day after the film's opening, and its first four free comic books were Marvel Comics' Ultimate Spider-Man #1 (a reprint of its issue published in 2000), Dark Horse Comics' one-shot Star Wars Tales: A Jedi's Weapon, Image Comics/Top Cow Productions' one-shot Tomb Raider #Template:Frac and the first issue of DC Comics' Justice League Adventures comic book (based on the Justice League animated television series).<ref name="Founder interview" /><ref name="Inquirer" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The event has usually been held on the first Saturday in May, and is often cross-promoted with the release of the first big-budget superhero film of the summer.<ref name="GRadar2022"/>
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, over 2,000 stores participated in the inaugural Free Comic Book Day and gave away more than 2 million comic books<ref name="CBR2003date"/> from 4 publishers.<ref name="Today2013"/> The following year, 29 publishers participated.<ref name="CBR2003date"/> FCBD 2012 exceeded one million attendees, with over 3.5 million comics given away.<ref name="Founder interview"/><ref name="BCinterview"/> In 2015, 2,340 retailers ordered 5.6 million comic books to give away.<ref name="FCBD2015orders"/>
While giving out free comic books on FCBD, participating retailers often run additional promotions. This can include sales on selected merchandise, creator signings, prize raffles, cosplay contests, charity drives, karaoke,<ref name="LVRJ"/> and art exhibitions.<ref name="Cleveland2017"/> The event quickly grew to become a major celebration of comic book culture<ref name="LFP2018"/> and fan clubs may volunteer to support local stores and help manage the crowds of people attracted to the event. Cosplayers may be enlisted to entertain the lines outside the stores and pose for photos.<ref name="LVRJ"/>
Among some retailers, FCBD has been more grandly organized. An FCBD "shop hop" cross-promotion in London, Ontario, Canada, encourages people to visit five downtown comic shops for entry into a prize draw, and has evolved into a street festival. Cosplayers parade along the street, which is chalked with murals, and many other businesses along the route cater to the theme.<ref name="LFP2018" /><ref name="Escapist2014" /><ref name="CBC2021" /><ref name="London2025"/> Mesa, Arizona, and Portsmouth, England, have each expanded FCBD into a two-day comics convention.<ref name="ACME 2018 BC" /><ref name="Portsmouth 2018 BC" />
The COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of FCBD 2020.<ref name="IGN2021"/> Alt Free Comic Days was held online on that weekend, streaming panel discussions with comics creators and artists.<ref name="NewsaramaCovidAlt"/> In mid-June, Diamond Comics announced that the planned titles would be released weekly as Free Comic Book Summer from July 15 to September 9.<ref name= ArvedonCovid/><ref name="FreeComicBookSummer-CBR"/><ref name="USAToday2021"/> In 2021, FCBD was held on August 14, when COVID-19 restrictions had eased somewhat.<ref name="CBC2021"/> That year's event was received as a big day for fans in the absence of comic book conventions and other major gatherings.<ref name="USAToday2021"/><ref name="Global2021"/> However, delays in shipping led to the event being postponed for overseas retailers.<ref name="Bleeding2021Europe"/> From the twentieth anniversary edition of the event, held May 7, 2022,<ref name=CNN>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Popin2022date"/><ref name="Popin2022titles"/><ref name="GRadar2022"/> FCBD returned to the first Saturday in May.
EventsEdit
| Template:Abbr | Date | Associated film | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | May 4, 2002 | Spider-Man<ref name="Founder interview" /><ref name="Inquirer" /> | |
| 2 | May 3, 2003 | X2<ref name="CBR2003date" /> | |
| 3 | Jul 3, 2004 | Spider-Man 2<ref name="CBR2004date" /> | |
| 4 | May 7, 2005 | none<ref name="Inquirer" /> | |
| 5 | May 6, 2006 | none<ref name="IGN2006guide" /> | |
| 6 | May 5, 2007 | Spider-Man 3<ref name="Marvel2007date" /> | |
| 7 | May 3, 2008 | Iron Man<ref name="Wired2008date" /> | |
| 8 | May 2, 2009 | X-Men Origins: Wolverine<ref name="Wolverine FCBD" /> | |
| 9 | May 1, 2010 | Iron Man 2<ref name="Wired2010date" /> | |
| 10 | May 7, 2011 | Thor<ref name="CBD2011date" /> | |
| 11 | May 5, 2012 | The Avengers<ref name="Yahoo2012date" /> | |
| 12 | May 4, 2013 | Iron Man 3<ref name="Inquirer" /> | |
| 13 | May 3, 2014 | The Amazing Spider-Man 2<ref name="LVRJ" /> | |
| 14 | May 2, 2015 | Avengers: Age of Ultron<ref name="FCBD2015orders" /><ref name="FCBD2015date" /> | |
| 15 | May 7, 2016 | Captain America: Civil War<ref name="FCBD2016gold" /> | |
| 16 | May 6, 2017 | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2<ref name="Cleveland2017" /> | |
| 17 | May 5, 2018 | VenomTemplate:Refn | |
| 18 | May 4, 2019 | noneTemplate:Refn | |
| FCB Summer | Jul 15 – Sep 9, 2020Template:Refn | noneTemplate:Refn | |
| 19 | Aug 14, 2021<ref name="2021move">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
noneTemplate:Refn |
| 20 | May 7, 2022 | Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness<ref name="GRadar2022" /> | |
| 21 | May 6, 2023<ref name="Windsor2023"/> | Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3<ref name="GRadar2023" /> | |
| 22 | May 4, 2024<ref name="CBS2024date"/> | noneTemplate:Refn | |
| 23 | May 3, 2025<ref name="CST2025"/> | Thunderbolts* |
ProductsEdit
The goal of the promotion is to showcase the breadth of the comics industry by putting comic books in the hands of people who might not otherwise read comics, or comic readers who might not otherwise read those titles.<ref name="IGN2006guide" /> At least 50 titles were available on FCBD each year from 2014 to 2018.<ref name="NPR2014" /><ref name="FCBD2015orders" /><ref name="Vine" /><ref name="Cleveland2017" /> Most of the FCBD comic books are produced specifically for the promotion, and can become collector items.<ref name="Inquirer" /><ref name="LVRJ" /> On some occasions, retailers have partnered with publishers to make custom covers exclusive to their stores.<ref name="LVRJ" /><ref name="Cleveland2017" />
Most books are complete 32-page single-issue stories serving as an introduction point for newcomers. These may be in the form of a "zero issue"Template:Efn prelude to a new story arc.<ref name="Wolverine FCBD" /><ref name="Wired2010date" /> There have also been flip-books with two separate stories, or samplers with a number of short pieces.<ref name="LVRJ" /><ref name="Marvel2007date" /> Non-fiction titles have included collectors' guides, art books, biographies of prominent creators, and histories of the comics industry.<ref name="NPR2014" /> For 2020, age ratings were added to identify all-ages, teen, and mature content.<ref name="FCBDageratings" /> Stores may also be provided with posters or other merchandise to give away in cross-promotions with associated films.<ref name="FCBDVenom" />
ReceptionEdit
The first Free Comic Book Day (and organizer Joe Field) was given a Lulu of the Year award in 2003 by Friends of Lulu, an organization dedicated to increasing the participation of girls and women in the comics industry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
According to organizers, in the 2010s each year's event brought about one million people to comic shops<ref name="Founder interview" /> and gave away about five million comics.<ref name="Global2019" /> Marc Nix of IGN called FCBD a "wonderful comic nerd holiday"<ref name="IGN2006guide" /> and F. Andrew Taylor of the Las Vegas Review-Journal said it was like "a combination of Christmas, Halloween and Burning Man" to fans.<ref name="LVRJ" /> Scott Thill of Wired wrote that "Free culture has rarely paid off so handsomely, for fans or publishers."<ref name="Wolverine FCBD" /> Diamond Comics reported that media coverage of the 2014 event was equivalent to $3.2 million in publicity.<ref name="DiamondMedia" />
There have been criticisms of the focus on the event, questioning whether centering promotions at comic book shops is the best way to reach new comic book readers.<ref name="Loudpoet" /> Other criticisms center around the selection of titles and their cost to retailers. Many retailers only order the titles they know are marketable at their stores,<ref name="Loudpoet" /><ref name="Freeforwhom" /> and are reluctant to invest in promoting titles they cannot sell for the rest of the year. This results in the promotion of the same titles that customers are already reading instead of exposing them to new titles.<ref name="Freeforwhom" /> The number of titles has also caused concern for some retail staff and journalists, who find it challenging to gain familiarity with all 50 to 60 titles to make recommendations.<ref name="Freeforwhom" /><ref name="NPR2014" />
Related eventsEdit
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Template:Interlanguage link was launched in 2010 and is held in comics shops in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland on the Saturday following FCBD. Nearly 20 publishers participate, with about 35 titles offered for free.<ref name="Inquirer" /><ref name="Vine" /><ref name="GCT2013" /><ref name="CB2018de" /><ref name="GCT2019" /><ref name="CBDTag2022" />
The Netherlands and Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) have also observed Free Comic Book Day, beginning on May 5, 2012.<ref name="Vine" /><ref name="Dutch2013" />
Halloween ComicFest is an annual promotion launched by Diamond Comics in 2012, held roughly six months from FCBD on the Saturday before Halloween,<ref name="CBC2014Halloween" /> promoting titles themed to that holiday.<ref name="USATodayHalloween" /><ref name="Nerdspan2016Halloween" /><ref name="WGTC2017Halloween" /> Each year there are about 20 full-sized free titles and another 10 mini-comics<ref name="CBC2014Halloween" /><ref name="Cleveland2016Halloween" /> which can be purchased in packs for trick-or-treaters.<ref name="Flickm2018Halloween" /><ref name="HR2018Halloween" /> In 2016, about 2 million comics were given away by 1,900 shops.<ref name="EW2016Halloween" /> Costume contests are held by some retailers,<ref name="USATodayHalloween" /><ref name="Cleveland2016Halloween" /> and online via the event's website.<ref name="Cleveland2016Halloween" /><ref name="Houston2018Halloween" />
Local Comic Shop Day (LCSD) is an annual promotion begun in 2015<ref name="CBeat2018Local" /> by North American trade association ComicsPRO,<ref name="Oklahoman2021LCSD" /><ref name="Gradar2021Local" /> and held annually in late November.<ref name="Gradar2022Local" /> Approximately 20 LCSD special edition comic books are offered each year, with retailers often having Black Friday discounts on merchandise.<ref name="CBeat2018Local" /><ref name="Oklahoman2021LCSD" /><ref name="Gradar2021Local" /> This event has been compared to FCBD<ref name="Gradar2021Local" /> and Record Store Day.<ref name="Gradar2022Local" />
Children's Book Week (CBW), organized by American non-profit Every Child a Reader, was moved to May in 2008.<ref name="Everychild" /> FCBD was named as an official CBW event, launching Children's Book Week, and the two organizations partner in promoting child literacy. In 2015, FCBD carried the literacy guide Raising A Reader! How Comics & Graphic Novels Can Help Your Kids Love to Read! among its free titles.<ref name="CBLDF" />
Inspired by Free Comic Book Day, the pen-and-paper roleplaying game industry started Free RPG Day on June 15, 2007.<ref name="Fletcher2013RPG" /><ref name="Meeple" /> It is a moveable event held on the third Saturday in June.
See alsoEdit
- Star Wars Day, which occasionally coincides with FCBD
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Official website
- Miller, John Jackson (May 2, 2012). Original magazine article suggesting "Free Comic Book Day, from 2002 to today" Template:Webarchive. The Comics Chronicles.