Free Trade Party

The Free Trade Party (FTP), officially known as the Free Trade and Liberal Association and also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party. It was formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 New South Wales colonial election, which the party won.

The party advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905).

In New South Wales, it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Liberal Party.

History

File:George Reid crop.jpg

George Reid, Prime Minister of Australia 1904–1905

The party was centred on New South Wales, where its leaders were Sir Henry Parkes and Sir George Reid. It dominated New South Wales colonial politics before federation. It first contested the 1887 New South Wales election.

At the 1901 elections for the first Commonwealth Parliament, the Free Traders, who campaigned in some states as the Revenue Tariff Party, formed the second largest group in the Australian House of Representatives, with 25 seats. Reid became the Parliament's first Opposition Leader with William McMillan as his deputy, later becoming Prime Minister in 1904–05. Dugald Thomson became deputy leader of the party in early 1904 following McMillan's retirement. Thomson would himself hand over the Deputy position to Joseph Cook on 28 July 1905 following the fall of the Reid government.

A separate Tasmanian Revenue Tariff Party contested the 1903 federal election in Tasmania and won two seats. However, the Tasmanian party sat and merged with the Free Trade Party in federal Parliament.

After the question of tariffs had largely been settled, Reid cast around for another cause to justify his party's existence. He settled on opposition to socialism, criticising both the Australian Labour Party and the support offered by it to the Protectionist Party, led by Alfred Deakin. Reid adopted a strategy of trying to reorient the party system along Labour vs non-Labour lines – prior to the 1906 election, he renamed the Free Trade Party to the Anti-Socialist Party. Reid envisaged a spectrum running from socialist to anti-socialist, with the Protectionist Party in the middle. This attempt struck a chord with politicians who were steeped in the Westminster tradition and regarded a two-party system as very much the norm.<ref>Fusion: The Party System We Had To Have? - by Charles Richardson CIS 25 January 2009</ref>

The Labor Party and the FTP/ASP continued to grow in electoral strength at the expense of the Protectionist vote. Some Protectionists continued their exodus to Labor and the ASP.Template:Citation needed

When Deakin proposed the Commonwealth Liberal Party, a "Fusion" of the two non-Labour parties, Reid announced his intention to resign as party leader on 16 November 1908. Joseph Cook was elected leader unopposed on 26 November,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and he led the party until the merger with the Protectionists. No deputy leader was elected under Cook.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Leaders

New South Wales Parliament

No.	Leader (birth–death)	Portrait	Electorate	Took office	Left office	Term	Premier Template:Small
1	Henry Parkes (1815–1896)	File:Henryparkes.jpg	St Leonards, NSW	1887	22 October 1891	Template:Age in years years	height=10 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Parkes Template:Nowrap
							height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Dibbs Template:Nowrap
							style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Parkes Template:Nowrap
2	George Reid (1860–1947)	File:George Reid cph.3c31684.jpg	East Sydney, NSW	18 November 1891	17 July 1894	Template:Ayd	height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Dibbs Template:Nowrap
			Sydney-King, NSW	17 July 1894	29 March 1901		style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Reid Template:Nowrap
							height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Lyne Template:Nowrap

Australian Parliament

No.	Leader (birth–death)	Portrait	Electorate	Took office	Left office	Term	Prime Minister Template:Small
(2)	George Reid (1860–1947)	File:George Reid cph.3c31684.jpg	East Sydney, Aus	29 March 1901	16 November 1908	Template:Ayd	height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Barton Template:Nowrap
							style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Deakin Template:Nowrap
							height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Watson Template:Nowrap
							style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Reid Template:Nowrap
							style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Deakin Template:Nowrap
							rowspan="2" height=5 style="background-color: Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"|	Fisher Template:Nowrap
3	Joseph Cook (1860–1947)	File:Joseph Cook - Crown Studios 03.jpg	Parramatta, Aus	26 November 1908	26 May 1909	Template:Age in days days

Electoral results

Parliament of New South Wales

Legislative Assembly

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
1887	78,238 (#1)	60.75	Template:Composition bar	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	Henry Parkes {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1889	73,348 (#1)	48.63	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 13 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	Henry Parkes {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1891	65,850 (#2)	36.49	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 22 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	Henry Parkes {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1894	60,966 (#1)	30.34	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 6 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1895	56,347 (#1)	37.15	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 8 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1898	58,214 (#2)	32.89	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 13 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

Parliament of Australia

House of Representatives

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
1901	151,960 (#2)	30.03	Template:Composition bar	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1903	247,774 (#1)	34.37	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 4 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1906	363,257 (#1)	38.17	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 2 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

Senate

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
1901	1,053,012 (#2)	39.44	Template:Composition bar	check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1903	986,030 (#1)	34.33	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 5 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
1906	1,384,662 (#1)	46.53	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 2 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}	George Reid {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}

See also

• 1901 Australian federal election
• 1887 New South Wales colonial election
• Liberalism in Australia
• Liberalism worldwide
• Libertarian Party

Bibliography

• Template:Australian Dictionary of Biography

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline