Gas mark

File:Parkinson Cowan Prince gas cooker Harlow Museum & Walled Gardens, Essex crop.jpg

A Parkinson Cowan Prince gas cooker dial with a gas mark scale

The gas mark is a temperature scale used on gas ovens and cookers in the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth of Nations countries.

History

File:Regulo (1923).png

First advertisement for Regulo, 1923.

Early gas ovens had no thermostats and it was up to the cook to continually adjust a manual valve to keep the oven at the desired temperature. For this and other reasons gas cookers were not popular; most users preferred the coal-fired open kitchen range. The breakthrough came in the 1920s when a manufacturer introduced the Regulo. <ref>Template:Cite book, p.41.</ref> REGULO was originally a proprietary name chosen by Radiation Ltd. to denote their new automatic temperature controller. In a series of press advertisements published on 13 May 1923 to announce their "New World" cooker it was stated that, by simply setting a pointer, the oven would go to the desired temperature and stay there without requiring further attention.<ref>Template:Cite news. There were identical advertisements in the Sunday Express and so on.</ref> The current (2025) online edition of the Oxford English Dictionary indicates that Radiation Ltd. applied to register Regulo as a trade mark in 1922; the same source cites The Economist (1936) as saying "The ‘New World’ cooker, with the ‘Regulo’... revolutionised gas cooking". The pointer was calibrated in units of their own choosing, and since it was adopted by most gas cookers, Regulo has become generic as the name for the temperature scale itself.

The term "gas mark", now synonymous with regulo, was a subject of the joint BBC/OED production Balderdash and Piffle, in May 2005. The earliest printed evidence of use of "gas mark" (with no other terms between the two words) appears to date from 1958.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Equivalents in Fahrenheit and Celsius

Gas mark 1 is 275 degrees Fahrenheit (135 degrees Celsius).Template:Fact

Oven temperatures increase by Template:Convert for each gas mark step. Above Gas Mark 1, the scale markings increase by one for each step. Below Gas Mark 1, the scale markings halve at each step, each representing a decrease of Template:Convert.

Formulae

In theory, the following formulae can be used to convert between gas mark values and Celsius.

For temperatures above 135 °C (gas mark 1), to convert gas mark to degrees Celsius (<math display="inline">C</math>), multiply the gas mark number (<math display="inline">G</math>) by 14, then add 121:

<math>\left ( G \times 14 \right ) + 121 = C</math>

For the reverse conversion:

<math>G = \frac { \left ( C - 121 \right ) }{14}</math>

These do not work for <math display="inline">G</math> less than 1, since the steps are given as halves (i.e., Template:Frac, Template:Frac). For temperatures below 135 °C (gas mark 1), to convert gas mark to degrees Celsius apply the following conversion:

<math> C = \frac {243 - (25 \times \log_{2} (G^{-1}))} {1.8}</math>

For the reverse:

<math> G = 2^{(1.8C - 243) / 25} </math>

Note that tables of temperature equivalents for kitchen use conventionally round Celsius values to the nearest 10 degrees, with steps of either 10 or 20 degrees between Gas Marks.<ref name=bbc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="guardianequiv"/>

Conversion table

In practice, of course, a conversion table is used instead of the above formulae. The numbers in the conversion table below represent values that would actually be given in a recipe or set on a stove.<ref name="guardianequiv">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Conversion table<ref name=bbc /><ref name="guardianequiv"/>

Gas Mark	Fahrenheit	Celsius	Description
Template:Frac	225	110	Very slow/Very low/Very cool
Template:Frac	250	120	Very slow/Very low/Very cool
1	275	140	Slow/Low/Cool
2	300	150	Slow/Low/Cool
3	325	170	Moderately slow/Warm/Moderate
4	350	180	Moderate/Medium
5	375	190	Moderate/Moderately hot
6	400	200	Moderately hot
7	425	220	Hot
8	450	230	Hot/Very hot
9	475	240	Very hot
10 (less common)	500	260	Extremely hot

Other cooking temperature scales

France: Thermostat

French ovens and recipes use a scale called the "Thermostat" (abbreviated "Th") that is based on the Celsius scale. Thermostat 1 equals 30 °C for conventional ovens, increasing by 30 °C for each whole number along the scale.<ref name="edible">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Thermostat	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Approx. Temp.	30 °C	60 °C	90 °C	120 °C	150 °C	180 °C	210 °C	240 °C	270 °C

Germany: Stufe

In Germany, "Stufe" (the German word for "step") is used for gas cooking temperatures. Gas ovens are commonly marked in steps from 1 to 8, corresponding to:

Stufe	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Approx. Temp.	140 °C	160 °C	180 °C	200 °C	220 °C	240 °C	260 °C	280 °C

Other ovens may be marked on a scale of 1–7, where Stufe Template:1/2 is about 125 °C in a conventional oven, Stufe 1 is about 150 °C, increasing by 25 °C for each subsequent step, up to Stufe 7 at 300 °C.<ref name="gutekueche">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Outline of metrology and measurement

References

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