General Dynamics
Template:Short description {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }}
General Dynamics Corporation (GD) is an American publicly traded aerospace and defense corporation headquartered in Reston, Virginia. As of 2020, it was the fifth largest defense contractor in the world by arms sales and fifth largest in the United States by total sales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company is a Fortune 100 company and was ranked Template:Numero in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Formed in 1952 with the merger of submarine manufacturer Electric Boat and aircraft manufacturer Canadair,<ref name="CA sold back">Template:Cite news</ref> the corporation today consists of ten subsidiary companies with operations in 45 countries. The company's products include Gulfstream business jets, Template:Sclass and Template:Sclass nuclear-powered submarines, Template:Sclass guided-missile destroyers, M1 Abrams tanks, and Stryker armored fighting vehicles.
In 2024, General Dynamics had worldwide sales of $47.7 billion and a workforce of approximately 117,000 full-time employees.<ref name="10-K" /> The current chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) is Phebe Novakovic.
HistoryEdit
Electric BoatEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} General Dynamics traces its ancestry to John Philip Holland's Holland Torpedo Boat Company.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1899, Isaac Rice bought the company from Holland and renamed it Electric Boat Company.<ref name="history1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Electric Boat was responsible for developing the U.S. Navy's first modern submarines, which were purchased by the Navy in 1900.<ref name="britannicahistory">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
In 1906, Electric Boat subcontracted submarine construction to the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, to build the submarines they had designed and won contracts for. Between 1917 and 1924, the company was named Submarine Boat Corporation.<ref name="history1" /> In 1933, Electric Boat acquired ownership of a shipyard in Groton, Connecticut, to build submarines.Template:Citation needed The first submarine built in Groton to be delivered to the U.S. Navy was USS Cuttlefish in 1934.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Electric Boat was cash-flush but lacking in work following World War II, during which it produced 80 submarines for the Navy, with its workforce shrinking from 13,000 to 4,000 by 1946.<ref name="history1" /> President and chief executive officer John Jay Hopkins started looking for companies that would fit into Electric Boat's market in hopes of diversifying.<ref name="history1" />
Canadair purchaseEdit
Template:Further Canadair was owned by the Canadian government and was suffering from the same post-war malaise as Electric Boat. It was up for sale, and Hopkins bought the company for $10 million in 1946. The factory alone was worth more than $22 million, according to the Canadian government's calculations,<ref name="history1" /> excluding the value of the remaining contracts for planes or spare parts. However, Canadair's production line and inventory systems were in disorder when Electric Boat purchased the company. Hopkins hired Canadian-born mass-production specialist H. Oliver West to take over the president's role and return Canadair to profitability. Shortly after the takeover, Canadair began delivering its new Canadair North Star (a version of the Douglas DC-4) and was able to deliver aircraft to Trans-Canada Airlines, Canadian Pacific Airlines, and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) well in advance of their contracted delivery times.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Defense spending increased with the onset of the Cold War, and Canadair went on to win many Canadian military contracts for the Royal Canadian Air Force and became a major aerospace company. These included Canadair CT-133 Silver Star trainer, the Canadair Argus long-range maritime reconnaissance and transport aircraft, and the Canadair F-86 Sabre. Between 1950 and 1958, 1,815 Sabres were built. Canadair also produced 200 CF-104 Starfighter supersonic fighter aircraft, a license-built version of the Lockheed F-104.
In 1976, General Dynamics sold Canadair to the Canadian Government for $38 million.<ref name="CA sold back" /> Canadair was acquired by Bombardier Inc. in 1986.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
General Dynamics emergesEdit
Aircraft production became increasingly important at Canadair, and Hopkins argued that the name "Electric Boat" was no longer appropriate—so Electric Boat was reorganized as General Dynamics on 21 February 1952.<ref name="centennial_GD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
General Dynamics purchased Convair from the Atlas Group in March 1953.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> The sale was approved by government oversight with the provision that GD would continue to operate out of Air Force Plant 4 in Fort Worth, Texas. This factory had been set up in order to spread out strategic aircraft production and rented to Convair during the war to produce B-24 Liberator bombers.
Convair worked as an independent division inside General Dynamics and, over the next decade, developed the F-106 Delta Dart interceptor, the B-58 Hustler bomber, and the Convair 880 and 990 airliners. Convair also developed the Atlas missile, the US's first operational intercontinental ballistic missile.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
General Dynamics purchased Liquid Carbonic Corporation in September 1957 and controlled it as a wholly owned subsidiary until a Federal antitrust ruling required its sale to shareholders in January 1969, being bought later that month by Houston Natural Gas Company.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
From 1955 to 1960, General Dynamics hired Erik Nitsche as a graphic designer to develop designs for corporate reports and advertising material<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> including the "Atoms for Peace" series of posters for the 1955 International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland. These designs have become iconic examples of the mid-century modernist graphic design style.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Management churnEdit
Hopkins fell seriously ill in 1957 and was eventually replaced by Frank Pace later that year.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> Meanwhile, John Naish succeeded Joseph McNarney as president of Convair. Chicago industrialist Henry Crown became the company's largest shareholder and merged his Material Service Corporation with GD in 1959.<ref name="henrycrown">Template:Cite book</ref>
GD subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in New York City and Western Group in San Diego, California, with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities and dropping the Convair brand name from its aircraft in the process.<ref name="history2">Template:Cite book</ref>
Frank Pace retired under pressure in 1962 and Roger Lewis, former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and Pan American Airways CEO, was brought in as CEO. The company recovered, then fell back into the same struggles. In 1970, the board brought in McDonnell Douglas president Dave Lewis (no relation) as chairman and CEO, who served until retiring in 1985.<ref name="history1" />
Aviation in the 1960sEdit
During the early 1960s the company bid on the United States Air Force's Tactical Fighter, Experimental (TFX) project for a new low-level "penetrator". Robert McNamara, newly installed as the Secretary of Defense, forced a merger of the TFX with U.S. Navy plans for a new long-range "fleet defender" aircraft. Since GD lacked experience designing naval aircraft, it partnered with Grumman to develop a version for aircraft carrier operations. After four rounds of bids and changes, the GD/Grumman team finally won the contract over a Boeing submission.
The land-based F-111 first flew in December 1964; the carrier-capable F-111B flew in May 1965, but proved overweight and underpowered for the navy's needs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With the naval version not accepted, production estimates for 2,400 F-111s including exports were sharply reduced, but GD still made a $300 million profit on the project.<ref name="history2" /> Grumman went on to use many of the innovations of the F-111 in the F-14 Tomcat,<ref name="history1" /> an aircraft designed solely as a carrier-borne fighter.
ReorganizationEdit
In May 1965, GD reorganized into 12 operating divisions based on product lines. The board decided to build all future planes in Fort Worth, ending plane production at Convair's original plant in San Diego but continuing with space and missile development there. In October 1970, Roger Lewis left and David S. Lewis from McDonnell Douglas was named CEO. Lewis required that the company headquarters move to St. Louis, Missouri, which occurred in February 1971.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
F-16 successEdit
{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} }} In 1972, GD bid on the USAF's Lightweight Fighter (LWF) project. GD and Northrop were awarded prototype contracts. GD's F-111 program was winding down, and the company needed a new aircraft contract. It organized its own version of Lockheed's Skunk Works, the Advanced Concepts Laboratory, and responded with a new aircraft design incorporating advanced technologies. The company submitted a design in a 1972 competition for a new lightweight fighter, which it won. This was the F-16 Fighting Falcon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
GD's YF-16 first flew in January 1974 and proved to have slightly better performance than the YF-17 in head-to-head testing. It entered production as the F-16 in January 1975 with an initial order of 650 and a total order of 1,388. The F-16 also won contracts worldwide, beating the F-17 in foreign competition as well. GD built an aircraft production factory in Fort Worth, Texas. F-16 orders eventually totaled more than 4,600, making it the company's largest and most successful program and the world's most common fixed-wing aircraft in military service. <ref>2025 World Air Forces, Flight Global, p. 10.</ref>
Land Systems and Marine Systems focusEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:More citations needed In 1976, General Dynamics sold the struggling Canadair back to the Canadian government for $38 million. By 1984, General Dynamics had four divisions: Convair in San Diego, General Dynamics-Fort Worth, General Dynamics-Pomona, and General Dynamics-Electronics. In 1985 a further reorganization created the Space Systems Division from the Convair Space division. In 1985, GD also acquired Cessna. In 1986 the Pomona division (which mainly produced the Standard Missile and the Phalanx CIWS for the Navy) was split up, creating the Valley Systems Division. Valley Systems produced the Stinger surface-to-air missile and the Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM). Both units were recombined into one entity in 1992.
Henry Crown, still GD's largest shareholder, died on 15 August 1990. Following this, the company started to rapidly divest its under-performing divisions under CEO William Anders. Cessna was re-sold to Textron in January 1992, the San Diego and Pomona missile production units to General Motors-Hughes Aerospace in May 1992, the Fort Worth aircraft production to Lockheed in March 1993 (a nearby electronics production facility was separately sold to Israeli-based Elbit Systems, marking that company's entry into the US market), and its Space Systems Division to Martin Marietta in 1994. The remaining Convair Aircraft Structure unit was sold to McDonnell Douglas in 1994. The remains of the Convair Division were simply closed in 1996. GD's exit from the aviation world was short-lived, and in 1999 the company acquired Gulfstream Aerospace. The Pomona operation was closed shortly after its sale to Hughes Aircraft.
In 1995, General Dynamics purchased the privately held Bath Iron Works shipyard in Bath, Maine, for $300 million, diversifying its shipbuilding portfolio to include U.S. Navy surface ships such as guided-missile destroyers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1998, the company acquired NASSCO, formerly National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, for $415 million. The San Diego shipyard produces U.S. Navy auxiliary and support ships as well as commercial ships that are eligible to be U.S.-flagged under the Jones Act.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Having divested itself of its aviation holdings, GD concentrated on land and sea products. GD purchased Chrysler's defense divisions in 1982, renaming them General Dynamics Land Systems. In 2003, it purchased the defense divisions of General Motors as well. It is now a major supplier of armored vehicles of all types, including the M1 Abrams, LAV 25, Stryker, and a wide variety of vehicles based on these chassis. Force Protection, Inc. was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems in November 2011 for $350 million.
General Dynamics UKEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 1997, General Dynamics acquired Computing Devices Ltd based in Hastings, England, which had developed avionics and mission systems for the Panavia Tornado, British Aerospace Harrier II and Hawker Siddeley Nimrod.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2001, Computing Devices Canada (CDC) was awarded a contract from the UK Ministry of Defence to supply tactical communication systems for their Bowman program. The work for this was carried out at its new UK headquarters in Oakdale, Wales, and the company was renamed General Dynamics UK Limited.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:As of, it comprises two business units: General Dynamics Land Systems – UK and General Dynamics Mission Systems – UK and operates in eight sites across the United Kingdom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is currently responsible for delivering the General Dynamics Ajax family of armored vehicles, the Foxhound light protected patrol vehicle and the Morpheus communications system to the UK Ministry of Defence.
21st centuryEdit
In 2004, General Dynamics bid for the UK company Alvis plc, the leading British manufacturer of armored vehicles. In March the board of Alvis Vickers voted in favor of the £309m takeover. However at the last minute BAE Systems offered £355m for the company. This deal was finalized in June 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On August 19, 2008, GD agreed to pay $4 million to settle a lawsuit brought by the US Government claiming that a GD unit fraudulently billed the government for defectively manufactured parts used in US military aircraft and submarines. The US alleged that GD defectively manufactured or failed to test parts used in US military aircraft from September 2001 to August 2003, such as for the C-141 Starlifter transport plane. The GD unit involved, based in Glen Cove, New York, closed in 2004.<ref>The Washington Post, "General Dynamics To Settle Suit For $4 Million", August 19, 2008, p. D4.</ref>
In 2014, the government of Canada announced it had selected the General Dynamics Land Systems subsidiary in London, Ontario, to produce Light Armoured Vehicles for Saudi Arabia as part of a $10 billion deal with the Canadian Commercial Corporation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The sale has been criticized by political opponents because of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.<ref name="Post_union">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Globe and Mail 2019-06-20">Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2018, after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau suggested Canada might scrap the deal, the company warned that doing so could lead to "billions of dollars in liability" and risk the loss of thousands of jobs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Trudeau has since said that while he is critical of Saudi conduct, he cannot simply scrap the deal because "Canada as a country of the rule of law needs to respect its contracts."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 30 January 2019, CEO Phebe Novakovic warned investors that the matter had "significantly impacted" the company's cash flow because Saudi Arabia was nearly $2 billion in arrears on its payments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2018, General Dynamics acquired information technology services giant CSRA for $9.7 billion, and merged it with GDIT.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
General Dynamics has been accused by groups such as Code Pink and Green America of "making money from human suffering by profiting off the migrant children held at U.S. detention camps"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> due to its IT services contracts with the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Refugee Resettlement, the government agency that operates shelters for unaccompanied children to include those separated from their families as part of the Trump administration family separation policy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The company says it has no role in constructing or operating detention centers, and that its contracts to provide training and technical services began in 2000 and have spanned across four presidential administrations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
It was announced in September 2018 that the U.S. Navy awarded contracts for 10 new Arleigh Burke-class destroyers from General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls Industries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Former U.S. Secretary of Defense General Jim Mattis re-joined the company's board of directors in August 2019. He had previously served on the board, but resigned and divested before becoming Secretary of Defense.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In September 2020, General Dynamics announced a strategic counter-drone partnership, providing General Dynamics' global network with access to Dedrone's complete drone detection and defeat technology.<ref>"General Dynamics Mission Systems and Dedrone Enter Strategic Partnership" UAS Weekly. Retrieved September 24, 2020.</ref>
In December 2020, the board of directors for General Dynamics announced a regular quarterly dividend of $1.10, payable on February 5, 2021.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
According to a report by Reuters, General Dynamics was the primary contractor for a United States military-run propaganda campaign to spread disinformation about the Sinovac Chinese COVID-19 vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore haram under Islamic law.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite news</ref> The campaign primarily targeted people in the Philippines and used a social media hashtag for "China is the virus" in Tagalog.<ref name=":6" /> The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.<ref name=":6" /> In 2024, General Dynamics IT was awarded a $493 million contract by The Pentagon.<ref name=":6" /> According to an unnamed source cited by Reuters, a military audit of General Dynamics's work on the project concluded that the company had engaged in sloppy tradecraft and took inadequate precautions to conceal the origins of the fake accounts created for the campaign.<ref name=":6" />
General Dynamics' supply of weapons to Israel in the Gaza war has led to protests at facilities in Pittsfield, Massachusetts; Lincoln, Nebraska; Saco, Maine; New London, Connecticut; and Garland, Texas. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Acquisitions timelineEdit
20th-century acquisitionsEdit
| Year | Acquisition | Business group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | Canadair<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Aerospace |
| 1953 | Convair<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Aerospace | |
| 1955 | Stromberg-Carlson<ref name="history3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Combat Systems |
| 1957 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Aerospace |
| 1959 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
|
| 1982 | Chrysler's combat systems<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems | |
| 1995 | Bath Iron Works<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Marine Systems | |
| 1996 | Teledyne Vehicle Systems<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Marine Systems | |
| 1997 | Advanced Technology Systems<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems | |
| 1997 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Combat Systems |
| 1997 | Lockheed Martin Armament Systems<ref name="Washington Business Journal"/> | Combat Systems | |
| 1997 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Technologies |
| 1998 | National Steel and Shipbuilding Company<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Marine Systems | |
| 1999 | Gulfstream Aerospace<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Aerospace | |
| 1999 | GTE Government Systems<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | |
| 2000 | Saco Defense<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
Combat Systems |
21st-century acquisitionsEdit
| Year | Acquisition | Business group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | PrimeX Technologies Inc.<ref>"Primex Technologies acquired by General Dynamics" Tampa Bay Business Journal, January 24, 2001.</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2001 | Motorola Integrated Systems<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2001 | Galaxy Aerospace Company<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Aerospace | ||
| 2001 | Santa Bárbara Sistemas<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2002 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Combat Systems | |
| 2003 | GM Defense<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Combat Systems |
| 2003 | Steyr-Daimler-Puch SpezialfahrzeugTemplate:Citation needed | Combat Systems | ||
| 2003 | Veridian and Digital Systems Resources<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2003 | Datron's Intercontinental Manufacturing Company<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2004 | Spectrum Astro<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Aerospace | |
| 2004 | MOWAG<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2005 | MAYA Viz Ltd <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2005 | Tadpole Computer<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2005 | Itronix<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2006 | FC Business Systems <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2006 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Technologies | |
| 2007 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Technologies | |
| 2008 | ViPS, Inc.<ref>"HLTH Announces Agreement to Sell ViPS Unit to General Dynamics for $225 Million". HLTH Corporation Press Release, June 3, 2008. Template:Webarchive</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2008 | Jet Aviation<ref>"General Dynamics to Boost Gulfstream With Jet Aviation Purchase". The Washington Post, August 20, 2008.</ref> | Aerospace | ||
| 2009 | Axletech International<ref>"General Dynamics Completes Acquisition of AxleTech International". The Carlyle Group, January 4, 2009.</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2010 | Kylmar Ltd.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2011 | Vangent, Inc.<ref>"General Dynamics to Acquire Arlington Contractor for Nearly $1 Billion". The Washington Post, August 16, 2011.</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2011 | Metro Machine Imperial Docks Inc.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Marine Systems | ||
| 2011 | Force Protection Inc.<ref>General Dynamics to buy Force Protection. Reuters.</ref> | Combat Systems | ||
| 2012 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Marine Systems | |
| 2012 | Open Kernel Labs<ref>General Dynamics acquires NICTA start-up Open Kernel Labs. NICTA, September 12, 2012.</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2012 | Applied Physical Sciences<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> | Aerospace | ||
| 2016 | Bluefin Robotics<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> | Marine Systems | ||
| 2018 | CSRA Inc.<ref name="USA T2018">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="CNBC 2018">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="TWSJ 2018">Template:Cite news</ref> | Technologies | ||
| 2018 | Hawker Pacific<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Aerospace | ||
| 2018 | FWW Fahrzeugwerk GmbH<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Combat Systems |
DivestituresEdit
| Year | Divestiture | Purchaser | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1953 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Houston Natural Gas Co. |
| 1957 | Asbestos Corporation Limited | Société nationale de l'amiante (SNA) | |
| 1967 | General Atomics<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Gulf Oil |
| 1976 | Canadair<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Canadian government |
| 1991 | Data Systems Division<ref name="Los Angeles Times">General Dynamics Sells a Third San Diego Unit. Los Angeles Times, October 06, 1992.</ref> | Computer Sciences Corporation | |
| 1995 | Tactical Missiles Division | Hughes Aircraft Company | |
| 1992 | Cessna<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Textron |
| 1992 | Electronics Division<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | The Carlyle Group | |
| 1993 | Fort Worth Division (F-16s)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Lockheed Corporation | |
| 1994 | Space Systems Division<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Martin Marietta | |
| 1994 | Convair's aerostructure unit<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | McDonnell Douglas | |
| 2006 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Hanson |
| 2007 | Freeman United Coal Mining Co.<ref>Crown II Mine Closing; Freeman Coal Sold to New Company. Red Orbit, September 4, 2007.</ref> | Springfield Coal Co. | |
| 2010 | Spacecraft development and manufacturing<ref>Orbital buys General Dynamics' spacecraft business . BusinessWeek.</ref> | Orbital Sciences Corporation | |
| 2014 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates |
Company outlineEdit
Business unitsEdit
As of 2021, General Dynamics consists of ten separate businesses organised as four operating segments:Template:Citation needed
- Aerospace
- Marine Systems
- Combat Systems
- General Dynamics Land Systems
- General Dynamics European Land Systems
- General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems
- Technologies
Corporate governanceEdit
General Dynamics current chairman and chief executive officer is Phebe N. Novakovic.
| Board Member | Role |
|---|---|
| Phebe N. Novakovic | Chairman and chief executive officer |
| James S. Crown | Lead Director |
| Rudy F. deLeon | Director |
| Cecil D. Haney | Director and chair, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee |
| Mark M. Malcolm | Director |
| James N. Mattis | Director |
| C. Howard Nye | Director and chair, Audit Committee |
| Robert K. Steel | Director and chair, Sustainability Committee |
| Catherine B. Reynolds | Director and chair, Finance and Benefit Plans Committee |
| Laura J. Schumacher | Director and chair, Compensation Committee |
| John G. Stratton | Director |
| Peter A. Wall | Director |
As of December 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
FinancialsEdit
General Dynamics had $30.9 billion in sales as of 2017—primarily military, but also civilian (with its Gulfstream Aerospace unit) and conventional shipbuilding and repair (with its National Steel and Shipbuilding subsidiary.)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
For the fiscal year 2022, General Dynamics reported net income of US$3.309 billion, with an annual revenue of US$39.407 billion, an increase of 2.44% over the previous fiscal cycle. General Dynamics's shares traded at over $254 per share in 2022, and its market capitalization was valued at US$62.46 billion in December 2022.<ref name="General Dynamics Financial Statements 2009-2023 | GD | MacroTrends">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Year | Revenue in mil. US$ |
Net income in mil. US$ |
Assets in mil. US$ |
Employees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 20,975 | 1,461 | 19,700 | 72,200 |
| 2006 | 24,063 | 1,856 | 22,376 | 81,000 |
| 2007 | 27,240 | 2,072 | 25,733 | 83,500 |
| 2008 | 29,300 | 2,459 | 28,373 | 92,300 |
| 2009 | 31,981 | 2,394 | 31,077 | 91,700 |
| 2010 | 32,466 | 2,624 | 32,545 | 90,000 |
| 2011 | 32,677 | 2,526 | 34,883 | 95,100 |
| 2012 | 30,992 | −332 | 34,309 | 92,200 |
| 2013 | 30,930 | 2,357 | 35,494 | 96,000 |
| 2014 | 30,852 | 2,533 | 35,337 | 99,500 |
| 2015 | 31,781 | 3,036 | 31,997 | 99,900 |
| 2016 | 30,561 | 2,572 | 33,172 | 98,800 |
| 2017 | 30,973 | 2,912 | 35,046 | 98,600 |
| 2018 | 36,193 | 3,345 | 45,408 | 105,600 |
| 2019 | 39,350 | 3,484 | 49,349 | 102,900 |
| 2020 | 37,925 | 3,167 | 51,308 | 100,700 |
| 2021 | 38,469 | 3,257 | 50,073 | 103,100 |
| 2022 | 39,407 | 3,390 | 51,585 | 106,500 |
As of January 2023.<ref name="General Dynamics Financial Statements 2009-2023 | GD | MacroTrends" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Carbon emissionsEdit
General Dynamics reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 2021 at 696,118 mt (-8.7% year over year) and aims to reducing greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2034. The company is on track to become carbon neutral before 2060.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||||||
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 901,666 | 817,293 | 821,773 | 784,264 | 794,161 | 762,200 | 696,118 | 681,454 |
Company demographicsEdit
In 2021, General Dynamics's U.S. workforce was 21% veterans, 23% female, and 27% people of color. The US Department of Labor awarded the company the 2021 HIRE Vets Gold Award.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company has 26 Employee Resource Groups serving 10 employee segments.<ref name="Responsibility">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Approximately 20% of the company's employees are represented by labor unions such as International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM), The International Union, and United Auto Workers (UAW).<ref name="Responsibility" /> Independent research published by American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), U.S. Department of Labor, Military Times, U.S. Veterans Magazine, Professional Women's Magazine, Forbes, and Fortune selected General Dynamics as a top employer.<ref name="Responsibility" /> General Dynamics' community contributions in 2021 were 70% in Education & Social Services, 18% in Arts & Culture, and 12% in Service Member Support.<ref name="Responsibility" />
ProductsEdit
Aircraft systemsEdit
- General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark
- General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
- Martin/General Dynamics RB-57F Canberra
Marine systemsEdit
- American Overseas Marine Corporation
- Bath Iron Works
- Electric Boat
- National Steel and Shipbuilding Company
- Quincy Shipbuilding Division (closed 1986)
Missile systemsEdit
- RIM-24 Tartar
- FIM-43 Redeye
- MIM-46 Mauler
- RIM-66 Standard
- AGM-78 Standard ARM
- FIM-92 Stinger
- AIM-97 Seekbat
- RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile
- AGM-129 ACM
- Tomahawk (missile family)
- BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile
- SM-65 Atlas (CGM/HGM-16)
Combat systemsEdit
- Former General Dynamics Pomona Division
- General Dynamics Land Systems<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- General Dynamics Robotic Systems<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Autonomous Navigation System<ref>General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) Template:Webarchive</ref>
- Mobile Detection and Assessment Response System<ref>General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Mobile Detection Assessment and Response System (MDARS) Template:Webarchive</ref>
- Unmanned Surface Vehicle<ref>General Dynamics Robotic Systems – Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) Template:Webarchive</ref>
- Expeditionary tank
- M1 Abrams series main battle tank
- Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle
- Heavy Assault Bridge program
- LAV series
- Stryker Armored Combat Vehicle
- XM2001 Crusader self-propelled howitzer
- General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products<ref>Template:Usurped</ref>
- General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS)<ref>About Us – Our Company Template:Webarchive General Dynamics</ref>
- General Dynamics United Kingdom Limited
Information Systems and TechnologyEdit
Information Systems and Technology represent 34% of the company's revenue as of 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Launch vehiclesEdit
- Atlas (rocket family)
- NEXUS (rocket) space launch vehicle concept (never built)
See alsoEdit
- Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government
- List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of United States defense contractors
- List of current ships of the United States Navy
- List of currently active United States military land vehicles
- List of shipbuilders and shipyards
ReferencesEdit
CitationsEdit
SourcesEdit
- Patents owned by General Dynamics Corporation. US Patent & Trademark Office. URL accessed on 5 December 2005.
- Template:Webarchive from a GeoCities-hosted website
- Compton-Hall, Richard. The Submarine Pioneers. Sutton Publishing, 1999.
- Franklin, Roger. The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics. Harper & Row, 1986.
- General Dynamics. Dynamic America. General Dynamics/Doubleday Publishing Company, 1960.
- Goodwin, Jacob. Brotherhood of Arms: General Dynamics and the Business of Defending America. Random House, 1985.
- Pederson, Jay P. (Ed.). International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 40. St. James Press, March 2001. Template:ISBN. (General Dynamics section, pp. 204–210). See also International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 86. St. James Press, July 2007. Template:ISBN (General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation section, pp. 136–139).
- Morris, Richard Knowles. John P. Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine. The University of South Carolina Press, 1998. (Book originally copyrighted and published by the United States Naval Institute Press, 1966.)
- Morris, Richard Knowles. Who Built Those Subs?. United States Naval Institute Press, October 1998. (125th Anniversary issue)
- Rodengen, Jeffrey. The Legend of Electric Boat, Serving The Silent Service. Write Stuff Syndicate, 1994. Account revised in 2007.
External linksEdit
Template:Finance links Template:General Dynamics Template:Convair/GD aircraft