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George Duke

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Infobox musical artist

George Martin Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013)<ref name="Obit">Template:Cite news</ref> was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He was known primarily for 32 solo albums, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians, particularly Frank Zappa.

BiographyEdit

George Martin Duke was born in San Rafael, California, United States,<ref name="Obit"/> to Thadd Duke and Beatrice Burrell, and was raised in Marin City. At four years of age, he became interested in the piano. His mother took him to see Duke Ellington in concert and told him about this experience. "I don't remember it too well, but my mother told me I went crazy. I ran around saying 'Get me a piano, get me a piano!Template:'" He began his formal piano studies at the age of seven at a local Baptist church.<ref name="Official site/biography"/>

He attended Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley before earning a bachelor's degree in trombone and composition, with a minor in contrabass, from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music in 1967.<ref name="Official site/biography">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He earned a master's degree in composition from San Francisco State University in 1975.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Although Duke started playing classical music, he credited his cousin Charles Burrell for convincing him to switch to jazz.<ref name="Coryell">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He explained that he "wanted to be free" and Burrell "more or less made the decision for me" by convincing him to "improvise and do what you want to do". He taught a course on jazz and American culture at Merritt College in Oakland.<ref name="Official site/biography"/>

Duke recorded his first album in 1966. His second was with French violinist Jean-Luc Ponty, with whom he performed in San Francisco. After Frank Zappa and Cannonball Adderley heard him play, they invited him to join their bands. He spent two years with Zappa as a member of The Mothers of Invention, two years with Adderley, then returned to Zappa.<ref name="Jurek">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Zappa played guitar solos on his album Feel (1974). In 1975 he recorded with Pete Magadini (his Original drummer) the album Polyrhythm on Ibis Recordings. He recorded I Love the Blues She Heard My Cry with Zappa's bandmates Ruth Underwood, Tom Fowler, and Bruce Fowler<ref name=Watson>Watson, Ben, Frank Zappa: The Negative Dialectics of Poodle Play, St Martin's Press, New York, 1993, p. 294.</ref> and jazz guitarist Lee Ritenour.<ref>I Love the Blues She Heard My Cry, MPS Records-BAP 5071/BASF 5071/MPS Records MC 25671, 1975, sleeve notes</ref>

Duke occasionally recorded under the name Dawilli Gonga, possibly for contractual reasons, when appearing on other artists' albums.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Stanley Clarke & George Duke.jpg
Duke in concert with Stanley Clarke, 2010

In 1977, Duke fused jazz with pop, funk, and soul music on his album From Me to You. Later, that same year, his album Reach for It entered the pop charts, and his audiences increased. In 1981, he began a collaboration with bassist Stanley Clarke that would last through the 1980s, which combined pop, jazz, funk, and R&B. Their first album contained the single "Sweet Baby",<ref name="remembers">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="meeting">Template:Cite news</ref> which became a Top 20 pop hit, reaching Number 19 on the Billboard Magazine Hot 100 and Number 6 on the R & B charts.

During the 1980s, Duke's career moved to a second phase as he spent much of his time as a record producer. He produced pop and R&B hits for A Taste of Honey, Jeffrey Osborne, and Deniece Williams. His clients included Anita Baker, Rachelle Ferrell, Everette Harp, Gladys Knight, Melissa Manchester, Barry Manilow, The Pointer Sisters, Smokey Robinson, Seawind, and Take 6.<ref name="Jurek" />

Duke worked as musical director at the 1988 Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert at Wembley Stadium in London. In 1989, he temporarily replaced Marcus Miller as musical director of NBC's late-night music performance program Sunday Night during its first season.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>"Sunday Night" episodes No.104 (1988), No.113 (1989), No.114 (1989), No.121 (1989)</ref> He was a judge for the second annual Independent Music Awards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He died on August 5, 2013 in Los Angeles, at the age of 67 from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Awards and honorsEdit

Grammy awardsEdit

The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Duke has received two awards out of nine nominations.<ref name="Grammy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Year Category Nominated work Result
1981 Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal The Clarke/Duke Project Template:Nom
1985 Best Recording for Children "We Are The World (single)" Template:Nom
1990 "Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s)" Fumilayo (Track) Template:Nom
1998 Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) "The Look Of Love (Track)" Template:Nom
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance "After Hours" Template:Nom
2000 Best Traditional R&B Vocal Album "Cool" Template:Nom
Best Jazz Vocal Album "In the Moment – Live in Concert" Template:Won
2001 Best Jazz Vocal Album "The Calling" Template:Won
2005 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "T-Jam" Template:Nom

GMA Dove AwardsEdit

Year Category Nominated Work Result
1993 Contemporary Black Gospel Album citation CitationClass=web

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Template:Won

Soul Train AwardsEdit

Year Category Nominated Work Result
2013 Best Contemporary Jazz Artist/Group Template:Won<ref name=IMDB />

Other honorsEdit

File:George Duke Performing on Keyboard in 2010.jpg
Duke performing on keyboards in 2010

He was inducted into The SoulMusic Hall of Fame at SoulMusic.com<ref name="soulmusic1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Al Jarreau recorded the tribute album My Old Friend: Celebrating George Duke (Concord, 2014) with songs written by Duke. Appearing on the album were Gerald Albright, Stanley Clarke, Dr. John, Lalah Hathaway, Boney James, Marcus Miller, Jeffrey Osborne, Greg Phillinganes, Kelly Price, Dianne Reeves (Duke's cousin), and Patrice Rushen. The album received the 2015 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Jazz Album.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DiscographyEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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