Geraldine Page
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Geraldine Sue Page (November 22, 1924Template:Spaced en dashJune 13, 1987) was an American actress. With a career which spanned four decades across film, stage, and television, Page was the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards, as well as nominations for four Tony Awards.
A native of Kirksville, Missouri, Page studied at the Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago and with Uta Hagen and Lee Strasberg in New York City. During the McCarthyism era, she was blacklisted in Hollywood based on her association with Hagen and did not work in film for eight years. Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Trip to Bountiful (1985). She was Oscar-nominated for her work in Hondo (1953), Summer and Smoke (1961), Sweet Bird of Youth (1962), You're a Big Boy Now (1966), Pete 'n' Tillie (1972), Interiors (1978), and The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984). She is also known for her film roles What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice? (1969), The Beguiled (1971) and The Rescuers (1977).
On stage, she made her Broadway debut in the 1953 play Mid-summer. She went on to received Tony Award nominations for her performances as Princess Kosmonopolis in Sweet Bird of Youth (1959), Marion in Absurd Person Singular (1974), Mother Miriam Ruth in Agnes of God (1982), and Madame Arcati in Blithe Spirit (1987). For her prolific work onstage she was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1979. For her roles in television she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Drama for her acting in the adaptations of Truman Capote's A Christmas Memory (1967) and The Thanksgiving Visitor (1969).
Early life and educationEdit
Page was born November 22, 1924, in Kirksville, Missouri, the first child of Edna Pearl (née Maize) and Leon Elwin PageTemplate:Sfn who worked at Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery (combined with the American School of Osteopathy, eventually to form A.T. Still University). He was an author whose works included Practical Anatomy (1925), Osteopathic Fundamentals (1926), and The Old Doctor (1932).Template:Sfn She had one younger brother, Donald.<ref name=nyt/>
At age five, Page relocated with her family to Chicago.Template:Sfn Raised a Methodist by her mother, Page was an active parishioner of the Englewood Methodist Church in Chicago, where she had her first foray into acting within the church's theatre group, appearing in a play called Excuse My Dust, then playing Jo March in a 1941 production of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women.Template:Sfn After graduating from Chicago's Englewood Technical Prep Academy, she attended the Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University), with the intention of becoming an actress. Page had aspirations of becoming a pianist or visual artist, but at 17 she appeared in her first amateur theatre production, and from that point, she never wavered from her desire to be a professional actress. <ref name=britannica>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
After graduating from the Art Institute of Chicago in 1945,<ref name=tulsa>Template:Cite news</ref> Page studied acting at the Herbert Berghof School and the American Theatre Wing in New York City,<ref name=britannica/> studying with Uta Hagen for seven years,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn and then at the Actors Studio with Lee Strasberg.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During this time, Page would return to Chicago in the summers to perform in repertory theatre in Lake Zurich, Illinois, where she and several fellow actors had established their own independent theater company.<ref name=britannica/> She also spent two critically successful years performing with a winter stock company called the Woodstock Players, another group from Goodman, who performed mostly at the Woodstock Opera House where she was singled out by critic Claudia Cassidy of The Chicago Tribune as destined to be a star to bear watching. During that time she was called "the lady with the thousand faces" for her ability to change her looks and actions to an extent that her most devoted fans were unable to recognize her.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While attempting to establish her career, she worked various odd jobs, including as a hat-check girl, theater usher, lingerie model, and a factory laborer.Template:Sfn
CareerEdit
1945–1969: Early stage and filmEdit
Page, a trained method actor, spent five years appearing in various repertory theater productions in the Midwest and New York after graduating from college.Template:Sfn On October 25, 1945, she made her New York stage debut in Seven Mirrors, a play devised by Immaculate Heart High School students from Los Angeles.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The play ran for a total of 23 performances at Blackfriars Repertory Theatre on Manhattan's Upper East Side.Template:Sfn In February 1952, director José Quintero cast Page in a minor role in Yerma, a theatrical interpretation of a poem by Federico García Lorca, staged at Circle in the Square Theatre in New York City's Greenwich Village.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Page was subsequently cast in the role of Alma in the Quintero-directed production of Summer and Smoke, written by Tennessee Williams (also staged at the Circle Theatre in 1952). Page's role in Summer and Smoke garnered her significant exposure, including a Drama Desk Award,<ref name=tulsa/> and a profile in Time magazine.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Her official film debut and role in Hondo, opposite John Wayne, garnered her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Prior to this, she appeared in an uncredited role in Taxi. Speaking to a Kirksville newspaper, she said: "Actually Hondo wasn't my first movie. I had one small, but satisfactory scene in a Dan Dailey picture called Taxi, which was filmed in New York."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Page was blacklisted in Hollywood after her debut in Hondo based on her association with Uta Hagen and did not work in film for nearly ten years.Template:Sfn Her work continued on Broadway playing a spinster in the 1954Template:En dash1955 production of The Rainmaker, written by N. Richard Nash; and as the frustrated wife whose husband becomes romantically obsessed with a young Arab, played by James Dean, in the 1954 production of The Immoralist, written by Augustus Goetz and Ruth Goetz and based on the novel of the same name (1902) by André Gide.Template:Sfn Page remained friends with Dean until his death the following year and kept a number of personal mementos from the play—including several drawings by him. After Page's death, these items were acquired by Heritage Auctions in 2006.<ref name=heritage>Template:Cite book</ref> In 2015 Angelica Page revealed that her mother had an affair with Dean during the production of The Immoralist.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She stated, "According to my mother, their affair went on for three-and-a-half months. In many ways my mother never really got over Jimmy. It was not unusual for me to go to her dressing room through the years, obviously many years after Dean was gone, and find pictures of him taped up on her mirror. My mother never forgot about Jimmy -- never. I believe they were artistic soul mates."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Prior to Hondo, in 1952, she appeared in a revival of Summer and Smoke in 1952 putting herself, the play, and director Jose Quintero at the beginning of the Off-Broadway scene. Page played the same role of Alma Winemiller in a 1953 radio version (opposite Richard Kiley) and a film version in 1961 opposite Laurence Harvey. Both she and Una Merkel earned acting nominations for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress respectively in the 34th Academy Awards in 1961. The awards, however, went to Sophia Loren for Two Women and Rita Moreno for West Side Story.
In 1959, Page earned an Emmy nomination, of Best Single Performance by an Actress, for her role in the Playhouse 90 episode "The Old Man", written by William Faulkner.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She subsequently earned critical accolades for her performance in the 1959–1960 Broadway production of Tennessee Williams's Sweet Bird of Youth opposite Paul Newman, in which she originated the role of a larger-than-life, addicted, sexually voracious Hollywood legend trying to extinguish her fears about her career with a young hustler named Chance Wayne (played by Newman). For her performance, Page received her first nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, as well as the Sarah Siddons Award for her performance in Chicago.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She and Newman subsequently starred in the 1962 film adaptation of the same name and Page earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the film.Template:Sfn
Geraldine Page actually won consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama in 1961 and 1962 for Summer and Smoke and Sweet Bird of Youth, respectively.
In 1963, Page starred in Toys in the Attic, based on Lillian Hellman's play of the same name, and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. She received another nomination the following year starring in Delbert Mann's Dear Heart as a self-sufficient but lonely postmistress visiting New York City for a convention, finding love with a greeting card salesman. In 1964, she starred in a Lee Strasberg-directed Broadway revival of Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters playing eldest sister Olga to Kim Stanley's Masha with Barbara Baxley as the interloper Natasha.<ref name=tcred>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Both Shirley Knight and Sandy Dennis played the youngest sister Irina at different stages in this production.Template:Sfn
Between 1966 and 1969, Page appeared in two holiday-themed television productions based on stories by Truman Capote: "The Christmas Memory" (for ABC Stage 67) and the television film The Thanksgiving Visitor, both of which earned her two consecutive Emmy Awards for Best Actress.Template:Sfn<ref name=baker>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1967, Page appeared again onstage in Peter Shaffer's Black Comedy/White Lies, a production which also included Michael Crawford and Lynn Redgrave, who were making their Broadway debuts.Template:Sfn The same year, she appeared opposite Fred MacMurray in the Walt Disney-produced musical The Happiest Millionaire.Template:Sfn Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was critical of the film, noting: "Geraldine Page and Gladys Cooper...square off in one musical scene of socially up-staging each other that is drenched in perfumed vulgarity. But, then, the whole picture is vulgar. It is an over-decorated, over-fluffed, over-sentimentalized endeavor to pretend the lace-curtain millionaires are—or were—every bit as folksy as the old prize-fighters and the Irish brawlers in the saloon."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Page starred opposite Ruth Gordon in the thriller What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice? (1969), the third and final film in the Robert Aldrich-produced trilogy which followed What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) and Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964). The film is based on the novel The Forbidden Garden by Ursula Curtiss and features Page as Claire Marrable, a recently widowed socialite, who, discovers that her husband has left her virtually nothing. The widow hires a number of unsuspecting housekeepers whom she murders one by one and robs them of their life savings in order to keep up her extravagant lifestyle.Template:Sfn Writing for The New York Times, Vincent Canby deemed the film "an amusingly baroque horror story told by a master misogynist," and praised Page's "affecting" performance.<ref name=canby>Template:Cite news</ref>
1970–1979: Mid-career workEdit
Page subsequently appeared in the Don Siegel-directed thriller The Beguiled (1971) opposite Clint Eastwood, playing the headmistress of a Southern girls' boarding school who takes in a wounded Union soldier.Template:Sfn Director Siegel called Page "certainly as fine an actor as I've ever worked with. I never have gotten along better with anyone than I did with her."Template:Sfn This was followed by a supporting role in the comedy Pete 'n' Tillie (1972), for which she earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She also appeared in three episodes of Rod Serling's Night Gallery between 1972 and 1973.Template:Sfn In January 1973, she returned to Broadway playing Mary Todd Lincoln opposite Maya Angelou in the two-character play Look Away, written by Jerome Kilty.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1974, Page played Regina in a production in which she starred opposite her husband Rip Torn (in the role of Benjamin Hubbard) directed by Philip Minor. It was staged for the Academy Festival Theater at Barat College in Lake Forest, Illinois and received a rave review from William Leonard of the Chicago Tribune: "Geraldine Page is giving one of the greatest performances of her glorious career in Lake Forest and she is surrounded by a cast so superb that the Academy Festival Theater's production of "The Little Foxes" becomes a powerful, searing, unforgettable show... it is a harrowing and ennobling evening in the theater-the kind that comes along all too seldom. We have seen other stars in the role of the malevolently, ruthlessly scheming Regina Giddens—Tallulah Bankhead years ago in her greatest triumph, Eileen Herlie five seasons back at the Ivanhoe. Geraldine Page is a whole new story—I have seen Geraldine Page in innumerable roles, ever since she was playing in East Lynne with the Lake Zurich Players back in the '40s. I've never seen her more thrillingly convincing than in this production."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The legendary Kim Stanley once said of Page's Regina that it "was possibly the finest performance" she had ever seen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play (her second Tony Award nomination) for the 1975 production of Alan Ayckbourn's Absurd Person Singular with Sandy Dennis and Richard Kiley.<ref name=tcred/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
She also had a supporting role as a charismatic Hollywood evangelist (modeled after Aimee Semple McPherson)Template:Sfn in The Day of the Locust (1975), an adaptation of the Nathanael West novel of the same name.Template:Sfn In 1977, she appeared as a nun in the British comedy Nasty Habits,<ref name=afi>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and provided the voice role of Madame Medusa in the Walt Disney animated film The Rescuers.Template:Sfn During this time, she also appeared on television, guest-starring in the popular series Kojak (1976)<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> and Hawaii Five-O (1977).<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref>
Page appeared as the mother of three siblings and wife of a prominent attorney in Woody Allen's Interiors (1978). For her performance, Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress,Template:Sfn and won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.Template:Sfn The New York TimesTemplate:'s Vincent Canby lauded her performance in the film, writing: "Miss Page, looking a bit like a youthful Louise Nevelson with mink-lashed eyes, is marvelous — erratically kind, impossibly demanding, pathetic in her loneliness and desperate in her anger."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The following year, in November 1979, Page was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.<ref name=hof>Template:Cite news</ref>
1980–1986: Later work and final rolesEdit
Page starred as Zelda Fitzgerald in the last major Broadway production of a Williams play, Clothes for a Summer Hotel in 1980,<ref name=tcred/> followed by a supporting role in Harry's War (1981). Page starred as the secretive nun Mother Miriam Ruth in the Broadway production of Agnes of God, which opened in 1982 and ran for 599 performances with Page performing in nearly all of them; for her role, she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.<ref name=tcred/>
Also in 1983, Sabra Jones Strasberg and her husband John Strasberg founded the Mirror Theater Ltd and invited Page to accept the role of Founding Artist in Residence for its repertory program the Mirror Repertory Company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Page remained continually active in theater, appearing in numerous repertory, Broadway, and Off-Broadway productions throughout the 1980s; this included roles in a revivals of Inheritors by Susan Glaspell<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Paradise Lost by Clifford Odets in 1983,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rain by John Colton (based on the short story "Miss Thompson" by W. Somerset Maugham) the following year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Further revivals followed in 1985: Vivat! Vivat Regina! by Robert Bolt (in which she played Elizabeth I),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Clarence by Booth Tarkington,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and The Madwoman of Chaillot (by Jean Giraudoux) in which she played the Madwoman to great acclaim).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Page earned her seventh Academy Award nomination for her performance in the dark comedy The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984).Template:Sfn This marked a record at the time for most Academy Award nominations without a win,<ref name=science>Template:Cite news</ref> for which Page was tied with Peter O'Toole and Richard Burton (who themselves had also garnered seven nominations without winning).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On television, Page had a supporting role in the miniseries The Dollmaker (1984), opposite Jane Fonda and Amanda Plummer.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> She appeared in the British horror film The Bride opposite Sting and Jennifer Beals; the drama White Nights, directed by Taylor Hackford; and opposite Rebecca De Mornay in the drama The Trip to Bountiful (all 1985), in which she played an aging Southern Texas woman seeking to return to her hometown. The role earned Page wide critical acclaim, with the Los Angeles Times referring to it as "the performance of a lifetime."<ref name=baker/>
In 1986, she appeared on Broadway in The Circle by W. Somerset Maugham; during this production, Page won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Trip to Bountiful.<ref name=nyt/> During her acceptance speech, she thanked The Mirror Theater Ltd. Page wore her costume from The Circle, which had been designed and made by Gail Cooper-Hecht, the Mirror Theater's costume designer.Template:Sfn She received the award from F. Murray Abraham, who, after winning his Oscar for Amadeus, also joined the Mirror Repertory Company to play the rag-picker in the Madwoman of Chaillot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Prior to winning the Academy Award, Page said to People magazine: "If I lose the Oscar this year, I'll have the record for the most nominations without ever winning... I'd love to be champion, [but the loser] doesn't have to get up there and make a fool of herself."<ref name=hutchings>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
After winning the Academy Award, Page returned to finish her run performing in The Circle for Mirror Theater and appeared opposite Carroll Baker, Oprah Winfrey, and Elizabeth McGovern in Native Son (1986).<ref name=afi/> Page followed up Native Son with a lead role opposite Mary Stuart Masterson in My Little Girl (1987).<ref name=afi/> In the fall of 1986, Page asked permission to return to Broadway in a revival of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit in the role of Madame Arcati. She was cast in the role, though the production would be Page's last. She was again nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, though she did not win. A week after the Tony Awards ceremony, Page failed to appear for two performances of the play and was found dead in her Manhattan home.<ref name=fulton/> The show lasted several weeks more, with Page's understudy Patricia Conolly taking over her role.<ref name=nyt/>
Reception and acting styleEdit
Template:Quote box Page was trained as a method actor,<ref name=tulsa/> and at times worked with psychoanalysts when developing her interpretations of roles.Template:Sfn She once told the Los Angeles Times: "If I read a part and think I can connect to it, that I can touch people with it, I will do it, no matter what its size. And if I think I can't do something with a part, I won't take it."<ref name=fulton/> In a 1964 interview after completing the Broadway run of The Three Sisters, Page discussed her method acting at length.Template:Sfn When asked if she used emotional recall as a technique, she responded: "I would never shut it out. But I don't try to get one. My whole effort is to relax and keep the doors open so that there's room if one should pop up."Template:Sfn
During her life, Page was regarded as a respected character actress.<ref name=science/> Speaking of her stage career in 1986, she said: "I used to think that by opening [night] all the work was done. Now I'm finding how much you can learn from the audience."<ref name=science/> She described acting as a "bottomless cup", adding, "If I studied for the next ninety years I'd just be scratching the surface."Template:Sfn
Personal lifeEdit
Page was married to violinist Alexander Schneider from 1954 to 1957.<ref name=tcm/> On September 8, 1963, she married actor Rip Torn, who was six years her junior, in Pinal, Arizona.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They had played opposite one another in Sweet Bird of Youth on Broadway and in the 1962 film. They had three children: a daughter, actress Angelica Page, and twin sons, Anthony "Tony" and Jonathan "Jon" Torn.
Beginning in the early 1980s, Page and Torn lived separately<ref name=torn/> after he began an affair with actress Amy Wright;<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Torn had first met Wright in 1976 and began the affair shortly after.<ref name=spectacular/> Page was aware of Torn and Wright's relationship, and had appeared onstage opposite Wright in the 1977 Off-Broadway production of The Stronger, under Torn's direction.<ref name=spectacular>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1983, Torn fathered a child with Wright.<ref name=spectacular/> After the birth of the child, Page was questioned about her marriage by columnist Cindy Adams, to which she responded: "Of course Rip and I are still married. We've been married for years. We're staying married. What's the big fuss?"<ref name=tcm>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In spite of their separation, Page and Torn remained married until her death; her daughter described their relationship as still "close" up until Page died in 1987.<ref name=torn/>
Page considered herself a gourmand, once joking: "'Greedy Gut' is my middle name...Rip is wonderful. He does the cooking, and I do the eating. I love everything but eggplant."<ref name=hutchings/>
Death and legacyEdit
On June 13, 1987, Page failed to arrive at the Neil Simon Theatre for both the afternoon and evening performances of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit, which had begun its run in March.<ref name=tcred/> At the end of the show's evening performance, the play's producer announced that Page had been found dead in her lower Manhattan townhouse.<ref name=nyt>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=fulton>Template:Cite news</ref> It was determined that she died of a heart attack.<ref name=nyt/>
On June 18, "an overflow crowd of colleagues, friends and fans", including Sissy Spacek, James Earl Jones, Amanda Plummer, Jerry Stiller, Anne Meara and husband Torn attended a memorial service held at the Neil Simon Theatre.<ref name="tribute">Template:Cite news</ref>
Highlighting Page's achievements, actress Anne Jackson said, "[Page] used a stage like no one else I'd ever seen. It was like playing tennis with someone who had 26 arms."<ref name="tribute" /> Rip Torn called her "Mi corazón, mi alma, mi esposa" ("My heart, my soul, my wife") and said that they had "never stopped being lovers, and ... never will".<ref name="tribute" />
Acting credits and accoladesEdit
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Page earned a total of eight nominations before winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress in 1986 for The Trip to Bountiful.<ref name=fulton/> She was also a winner of two Golden Globe Awards,<ref name=gg>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> two Primetime Emmy Awards, and one BAFTA award.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
For her stage work on Broadway, Page earned a total of four Tony Award nominations,<ref name=tony>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was referred to by the New York Daily News as "one of the finest stage actors of her generation".<ref name=torn>Template:Cite news</ref> She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1979.<ref name=hof/>
In popular cultureEdit
Sarah Paulson portrayed Page in the 2017 anthology television series Feud, which chronicles the rivalry between actresses Bette Davis and Joan Crawford on the set of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962).<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
She was also portrayed by her daughter, Angelica Page, in the stage production Turning Page. A monologue play chronicling Page's life, it was also written by her daughter:<ref name=turning>Template:Cite magazine</ref> "I grew up in the center of her sparkling career," Angelica recalled. "As her only daughter I feel compelled to share her lessons and gifts with others who did and did not have the opportunity to know her magic intimately. She was a true rebel and trail blazer. A masterful woman who was ahead of her time and should not be forgotten anytime soon."<ref name=turning/> The play premiered in Los Angeles in 2016, followed by performances in New York City in 2017.<ref name=turning/>
ReferencesEdit
Works citedEdit
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External linksEdit
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Academic resources
- Geraldine Page Papers at Yale University Digital Collections (family photographs and other papers)
- Geraldine Page at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
Videography