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The Ghirardelli Chocolate Company (simply known as Ghirardelli) is an American confectioner, wholly owned by Swiss confectioner Lindt & Sprüngli. The company was founded by and is named after Italian chocolatier Domenico Ghirardelli,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> who, after working in South America, moved to California. The Ghirardelli Chocolate Company was incorporated in 1852, and is the third-oldest chocolate company in the US, after Baker's Chocolate and Whitman's.
HistoryEdit
OriginsEdit
In 1817, Domenico Ghirardelli was born in Rapallo, Italy, to an "exotic foods importer" and his wife. Domenico received his first education in the chocolate trade when he was apprenticed to a local candymaker as a child. By the time he was 20, Ghirardelli had sailed to Uruguay with his wife to work in a chocolate and coffee business. A year later, Ghirardelli moved to Lima, Peru, and opened a confectionery store. In 1847, nine years later, James Lick (Ghirardelli's neighbor) moved to San Francisco, California, with Template:Cvt of Ghirardelli's chocolate. Ghirardelli remained and continued to operate his store in Peru.<ref name="history1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The move to CaliforniaEdit
In 1849, Ghirardelli received news of the gold strike at Sutter's Mill and sailed to California. After doing some prospecting, Ghirardelli opened a general store in Stockton, California, offering supplies and confections to fellow miners. Ghirardelli's tent-based store was one of the first shops set up in the area.<ref name="history1"/>
Between 1856 and 1859, during the latter days of the California gold rush (1848–1855), Ghirardelli had a general store in Hornitos, California,<ref name="pnwphotoblog" /> where he perfected his chocolate recipes. The remains of the store can still be seen in town.<ref name="pnwphotoblog">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early history in San FranciscoEdit
Several months after opening his Stockton store, Ghirardelli opened a second store on the corner of Broadway and Battery in San Francisco, which became, in 1850, his first establishment in that city.<ref name="history1"/><ref name="foodser">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A fire on May 3, 1851,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> destroyed Ghirardelli's San Francisco business, and a few days later, his Stockton store also burned down. However, in September of the same year, Ghirardelli used his remaining assets to open the Cairo Coffee House in San Francisco. This business venture proved unsuccessful. In 1852, Ghirardelli opened a new store, named Ghirardelli & Girard on the corner of Washington and Kearny Streets in San Francisco.<ref name="noehill/sf030">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ghirardelli/history">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Soon afterward, Ghirardelli was making enough money to send for his family, who were still living in Peru. He changed the company's name to D. Ghirardelli & Co. and, in 1852, imported Template:Cvt of cocoa beans.<ref name= "history1"/> The company was incorporated in 1852 and has been in continuous operation since.<ref name="about">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The next year, in 1853, the business relocated to the corner of Jackson and Mason Streets. By 1855, a larger manufacturing facility was needed, and so the factory was moved to the corner of Greenwich and Powell Streets, while the office remained at the previous location. During this time, the company sold liquor, but dropped their line of alcoholic products sometime after 1871.<ref name="Langley">Template:Cite book</ref> By 1866, the company was importing Template:Cvt of cocoa seeds a year. By that time, the company not only sold chocolate, but also coffee and spices to the United States, China, Japan, and Mexico. In 1885, the company imported Template:Cvt of cocoa seeds.<ref name="history1"/>
In 1892, Ghirardelli retired as head of the company and was replaced by his three sons. Two years later, on January 17, 1894, Ghirardelli died at age 77 in Rapallo, Italy.<ref name= "history1"/>
1900-presentEdit
By 1900, Ghirardelli's company was selling only chocolate and mustard, having sold its coffee and spices businesses. Further expansion over the years into different buildings allowed the company to expand into new markets and grow financially. In 1965, San Francisco declared Ghirardelli Square (where many of the Ghirardelli buildings were constructed) an official city landmark. Two years later, production facilities moved to San Leandro, California (Template:Coord).<ref name="history1"/>
Since the 1960s Ghirardelli has also moved to focus on a restaurant division by selling ice cream sundaes, complete with their famous hot fudge chocolate sauce. In one of their earliest menus from the 1960s they featured five "Nob Hill Sundaes" all named after different landmarks, historical aspects, or local figures from San Francisco (Twin Peaks, Golden Gate Banana Split, Strike it Rich, The Rock, and the Emperor Norton).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2024, they feature 11 different sundaes (World Famous Hot Fudge, Ocean Beach, Chocolate Lovers, Gold Rush, Mint Bliss, Strawberry Passion, Non-Dairy Hot Fudge, Cookie Crumble, Lands End, Golden Gate Banana Split, and Treasure Island).
In 1963, Ghirardelli Chocolate Company was bought by the Golden Grain Macaroni Company, maker of Rice-A-Roni. Later, in 1986, Quaker Oats bought Golden Grain, and thus Ghirardelli.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1992, Quaker Oats sold the Ghirardelli Chocolate division to a private investment group. John J. Anton, from that group, became the president and CEO of the newly independent Ghirardelli Chocolate Company. In 1998, Lindt and Sprüngli, from Switzerland, acquired Ghirardelli Chocolate Company as a wholly owned subsidiary of its holding company.<ref name="history1"/>
In 2015, an independent laboratory tested 127 chocolate products for lead and cadmium, and found that 96 of them contained lead and/or cadmium above the safety threshold defined by California's Proposition 65. Based on these results, As You Sow filed notices with over 20 companies, including Ghirardelli and Trader Joe's, for failing to provide the legally required warning to consumers that their chocolate products contain cadmium, lead, or both.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The suit was settled in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ProductionEdit
According to their own website, Ghirardelli is one of the few chocolate companies in the United States to control every aspect of its chocolate manufacturing process,<ref name= "about"/>Template:Self-published inline rejecting up to 40% of the cocoa seeds shipped in order to select what the company calls the "highest quality" seeds. The company then roasts the cocoa seeds in-house by removing the outer shell on the seed and roasting the inside of the seed, or the nibs.<ref name="aboutchoc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The chocolate is then ground and refined until the particles are Template:Convert in size.
ProductsEdit
Ghirardelli produces several flavors of chocolate. The chocolate is sold in bar form or in miniature squares.
Ghirardelli also sells food service items, like chocolate beverages and flavored sauces, to other retailers.<ref name="foodser"/>
See alsoEdit
- Guittard Chocolate Company
- Abuelita, brand name of Mexican-based hot chocolate
- Ibarra, brand name of Mexican-based hot chocolate
- List of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:San Francisco Attractions Template:Authority control