Ginza

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Ginza (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous internationally renowned department stores, boutiques, restaurants and coffeehouses located in its vicinity. It is considered to be one of the most expensive, elegant, and luxurious city districts in the world.

Ginza was a part of the old Kyobashi ward of Tokyo City, which, together with Nihonbashi and Kanda, formed the core of Shitamachi,<ref name="kokushishitamachi">Template:Cite book</ref> the original downtown center of Edo (Tokyo).

HistoryEdit

File:Wrau-ginza-tokyo.jpg

Ginza in the early 1900s, photographed by William H. Rau

File:Ginza Street in1936.jpg

Ginza in 1936 with the Wako store

Ginza was built upon a former swamp that was filled in during the 16th century. The name Ginza comes after the establishment of a silver-coin mint established there in 1612, during the Edo period.<ref name=DK>Template:Cite book</ref>

After a devastating fire in 1872 burned down most of the area,<ref name=DK/> the Meiji government designated the Ginza area as a "model of modernization." The government planned the construction of fireproof brick buildings and larger, better streets connecting Shimbashi Station all the way to the foreign concession in Tsukiji.

Soon after the fire, redevelopment schemes were prepared by Colin Alexander McVean<ref>Hideo Izumida, Reconsideration of Foundation of Engineering Education by Ministry of Public Works, Journal of Architectural Institute of Japan, February 2016, Vol.81-No.720, pp.478-488.</ref> a chief surveyor of the Public Works under direction of Yamao Yozo, but execution designs were provided by the Irish-born engineer Thomas Waters;<ref name=DK/> the Bureau of Construction of the Ministry of Finance was in charge of construction. The following year, a Western-style shopping promenade on the street from the Shinbashi bridge to the Kyōbashi bridge in the southwestern part of Chūō with two- and three-story Georgian brick buildings was completed.

These "bricktown" buildings were initially offered for sale and later were leased, but the high rent prevented many of them from being occupied long term. Moreover, the construction was not adapted to the climate, and the bold design conflicted with traditional Japanese architectural styles found at the time. The new Ginza was not popular with visiting foreigners, who were looking for a more Edo-styled city. Isabella Bird visited in 1878 and in 1880 implied that Ginza was less like an Oriental city than like the outskirts of Chicago or Melbourne. Philip Terry, an English writer of tour guides, likened it to Broadway, however not in a positive sense.<ref name=Edo>Template:Cite book</ref>

Nevertheless, the area flourished as a symbol of "civilization and enlightenment" thanks to the presence of various newspapers and magazine companies, which helped spread the latest trends of the day. The area was also known for its window displays, an example of modern marketing techniques. The area became a popular shopping and meeting destination, with the custom of "killing time in Ginza" developing strongly between the two world wars.<ref name=Edo/>

Most of these European-style buildings have disappeared, but some older buildings still remain, most famously the Wakō building with the now-iconic Hattori Clock Tower. The building and the clock tower were originally built by Kintarō Hattori, the founder of Seiko.

Its recent history has seen it as a prominent outpost of Western luxury shops such as Louis Vuitton and Giorgio Armani. Ginza is a popular destination on weekends, as the main north–south artery has been closed to traffic since the 1960s, under governor Ryokichi Minobe.

EconomyEdit

Many leading fashion houses' flagship stores are located here, with the area having the highest concentration of Western shops in Tokyo. It is one of two locations in Tokyo considered by Chevalier and Mazzalovo to be the best locations for a luxury goods store.<ref name="Luxury">Template:Cite book The other prime location is Omotesandō.</ref> Prominent high-end retailers include the American company Carolina Herrera New York, French companies Chanel, Dior, Louis Vuitton and Saint Laurent, Italian company Gucci and Austrian brands Swarovski and Riedel.

Ginza is also home to many kimono stores, including Ginza Motoji, Echigo-ya, and Erizen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Many people choose to wear their kimono to visit Ginza and window shop.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Flagship electronic retail stores like the Sony showroom (which closed in 2017 and new building would open in 2022)Template:Update inline and the first Apple Store outside the United States can be found here (Ginza 2 chome). The electronics company Ricoh is headquartered in the Ricoh Building in Ginza.<ref name="Company Data">"Company Data Richo's building is one of symbol of Ginza. Template:Webarchive." Ricoh. Retrieved on January 13, 2009.</ref> The neighborhood is a major shopping district. It is home to Wako department store, which is located in a building dating from 1894. The building has a clock tower. There are many department stores in the area, including Hankyu, Seibu, and Matsuya, in which there are many shops: grocery stores, restaurants, women and men clothes, sportswear, and jewellers etc. There are also art galleries.<ref name=DK/> Kabuki-za is the theater for kabuki, and is located between Ginza and Tsukiji. The building was first opened in 1889 and has been reconstructed several times due to war damage and fire. The present building was built in 2013.

Template:Nihongo is a sushi restaurant in Ginza which is owned and operated by sushi master Jiro Ono.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was the first sushi restaurant in the world<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to receive three stars from the Michelin Guide,<ref name="Kitamura bloomberg">Template:Cite news</ref> although it was removed from the Michelin Guide in November 2019 because it does not accept reservations from the general public.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Mitsukoshi department store at Ginza.jpg

Mitsukoshi department store at Ginza. There are two symbols of lion heads at the entrance, and is a popular meeting place.
Colourful intersection at Ginza - Tokyo Japan.jpg

The Sony Building and intersection at dusk. The Sony building was demolished in 2017, and the new Sony building is scheduled for completion and opening in fall 2022.Template:Update inline
Kabuki-za Theatre 2013 1125.jpg

Kabuki-za theater Kabukiza is located between Ginza and Tsukiji, about a 15-minute walk away from the Mitsukoshi store.
Taimei Elementary School in Ginza.JPG

Taimei Elementary School
Tokyu Plaza Ginza1b.JPG

Tokyu Plaza Ginza, a shopping center with a duty-free shop for visitors from other countries
Ginza Six 02.jpg

Ginza Six shopping complex, the newest shopping center in Ginza. Dior Cafe is located in this building.
Ginza at night.jpg

Ginza at night
Ginza in the rain.jpg

Ginza in the rain
Ginza in afternoon.jpg

Ginza in afternoon

PedestrianizationEdit

File:Car Free Ginza 201806.jpg

Pedestrianized main street

Each Saturday and Sunday, from 12:00 p.m. until 5:00 p.m., the main street through Ginza is closed off to road traffic, allowing people to walk freely. This is called Template:Nihongo or Hokoten for short, literally meaning "pedestrian heaven". There are some people who do street performance such as magic and playing instruments. As a famous photo spot, some cats sleep on signs, where people can put their own cats onto these signs. The location where cats are is different depending on the date.

Subway stationsEdit

Ginza Station (銀座駅) (Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line)
Ginza-itchōme Station (銀座一丁目駅) (Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line)
Higashi-Ginza Station (東銀座駅) (Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, Toei Asakusa Line)

Other stations near Ginza:

Yurakucho Station (有楽町駅) Tokyo Metro Yurakucho line, JR Yamanote line, JR Keihin tohoku line
Hibiya Station (日比谷駅) Tokyo Metro Hibiya line, Tokyo Metro Chiyoda line, Toei Mita line
Shinbashi Station (新橋駅) Tokyo Metro Ginza line, Toei Asakusa line, JR Yamanote line, JR Keihin tohoku line

Ginza Station, Yurakucho Station, Hibiya Station are connected underground.

EducationEdit

File:Taimei Elementary School in Ginza.JPG

Taimei Elementary School

Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by Chuo City Board of Education.

Zoned elementary schools include the following:<ref name=Schoolzones>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Taimei Elementary School: All of 5-8 chome, 1-chome (2-10 ban, and two lots of 11-ban), 2-chome (2-9 ban), 3-chome (2-8 ban), and 4-chome (1-8 ban)
Kyobashi Tsukiji Elementary School (中央区立京橋築地小学校) - 1-chome (12-28 ban and one lot in 11-ban), 2-chome (10-16 ban), 3-chome (9-15 ban), and 4-chome (9-14 ban)

All of Ginza is zoned to Ginza Junior High School (中央区立銀座中学校).<ref name=Schoolzones/>