Gryfino

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}}Template:Main other Gryfino Template:IPAc-pl (Template:Langx) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,393 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfino County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town is located on the Odra Wschodnia, the eastern branch of the Oder river, about Template:Convert south of Szczecin in Poland. The western branch of the Oder, Template:Convert away from the town center, marks the border with Germany. There is a direct road link between Gryfino and the German town of Mescherin across the river.

The Crooked Forest is located in the village of Nowe Czarnowo, just outside Gryfino.

HistoryEdit

File:Border Protection Forces in Gryfino, 1983 01.jpg

Polish Border Protection Troops in Gryfino in 1983

The territory became part of the emerging Polish state under Mieszko I around 967.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. There are archaeological traces of Slavic settlement dating back to the 12th century.<ref name=kal/> The settlement was built in 1230,<ref name=EB/> and was raised to the rank of a town by Duke Barnim I in 1254.<ref name=kal/> In 1271 Barnim I granted guild privileges modelled after Szczecin.<ref name=gk181>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1281 the town was exempted from customs duties and declared a free port.<ref name=gk181/> In 1284 it obtained a permission to build defensive walls<ref name=kal/> and was one of the Pomeranian towns that guaranteed a peace treaty between the Duchy of Pomerania and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.<ref name=gk181/> The town was in conflict with the town of Gartz across the Oder (current twin town), which was resolved in 1304.<ref name=gk182>Kratz, p. 182</ref> In 1306 Duke Otto I allowed the town to build a bridge and a dam over the Oder and collect customs duties on it like Szczecin.<ref name=gk182/>

In the Thirty Years' War, the town was hit by epidemics in 1625 and 1638, and was occupied by the Holy Roman Empire in 1627–1630 and by Sweden in 1630–1640.<ref name=kal/> After the war, it remained in Swedish possession. In 1675 it was captured by the Brandenburgers, into whose possession it came finally in 1679.<ref name=EB>{{#if: |

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  }}{{#ifeq:  ||}}</ref> In 1709 Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński stopped in the town.<ref name=kal>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1723, French Huguenots settled in the town.<ref name=kal/> During the Seven Years' War, the town was plundered by the Russians.<ref name=kal/> From 1871 it formed part of the German Empire.

Two labour camps of the Reich Labour Service were located in the town under Nazi Germany.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the final months of World War II, in March 1945, it was captured by Allied Polish and Russian forces.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Afterwards, the region became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Despite the existence of the old Polish name Gryfów,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the town was first renamed to Gryfin,<ref>Template:Cite map</ref> and in 1946 to Gryfino by replacing the German suffix -hagen by the Polish suffix -ino.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

After the war, the town's life was reestablished, in 1945 the first schools began teaching, in 1946 the Gryf cinema was opened, and in 1947 the municipal library was opened.<ref name=kal/> A new hospital and culture center were opened in 1955 and 1958, respectively.<ref name=kal/> From 1975 to 1998 Gryfino was administratively located in the Szczecin Voivodeship. Underground anti-communist press was published in Gryfino from 1982 to 1984.<ref name=kal/> In 2021, a mural to Polish resistance hero Witold Pilecki was unveiled in Gryfino.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1974 the first unit of Dolna Odra Power Station, a large coal-fired power station, went in service.

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations

SportsEdit

The main local sports team are handball team KPR Gryfino, which competes in the I liga (as of 2023–24),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and football team Template:Ill, which competes in the lower divisions. There are also various youth clubs dedicated to athletics, gymnastics,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> swimming,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> chess,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> etc.