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Gush Dan

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Gush Dan (Template:Langx, Template:Lit) or Tel Aviv metropolitan area is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline. There is no single formal definition of Gush Dan, though the term is in frequent use by both governmental bodies and the general public. It ranges from combining Tel Aviv with cities that form an urban continuum with it, to the entire areas from both the Tel Aviv District and the Central District, or sometimes the whole Metropolitan Area of Tel Aviv,<ref name="cbs.gov.il">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which includes a small part of the Southern District as well. Gush Dan is the largest conurbation and metropolitan area in Israel and the center of Israel's financial and High technology sector. In 2021 the metropolitan area has an estimated population of 4,156,900 residents, 89% of whom were Israeli Jews.

HistoryEdit

Template:Historical populations

The name Gush Dan means "Dan Bloc", and is so named because the area was the territory of the tribe of Dan in the ancient Kingdom of Israel. According to the biblical narrative, the tribe had originally tried to settle in the central coastal area of Canaan, but enmity with the Philistines, who had already settled there, caused it to be able to camp only in the hill country overlooking the Sorek Valley. The camp location became known as Mahaneh Dan ("Camps of Dan"). The region that they attempted to settle included the area as far north as Jaffa and as far south as Shephelah in the area of Timnah. As a result of the pressure from the Philistines, the tribe abandoned hopes of settling near the central coast and instead migrated to the north of the country. After conquering Laish, the tribe refounded it as its capital and renamed it Dan. In remembrance of the original territory assignments, the coastal region is referred to as Gush Dan. The modern city of Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 as a suburb of the Arab-majority coastal city of Jaffa.<ref name="tel-aviv.gov.il">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The city of Tel Aviv grew rapidly in the ensuing decades by Jewish immigration from Europe, with its population reaching 150,000 in 1934, and 230,000 when Israel gained its independence in 1948. Before the establishment of Israel, other towns in the Gush Dan were founded as well, such as Petah Tikva in 1878, Rishon LeZion in 1882, Ness Ziona in 1883, Rehovot in 1890, and most other Gush Dan cities were established before 1948.

In 1947, the Gush Dan had nearly 400,000 residents, comprising over half of the Jewish population of Mandatory Palestine. As such, almost all of it was included in the Jewish state proposed by the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Arab population of the region, which had been nearly 150,000 before the war,<ref name="tel-aviv.gov.il"/> was reduced to around 10,000. Their population loss was quickly replaced by a larger number of Jews fleeing from postwar Europe and persecution in Arab countries.

However, many new immigrants did not then come to Tel Aviv. In the 1950s, towns were built on the edges of the Gush Dan, including Ashdod, Rosh HaAyin and Yavne. The nation's sole port was then located in the northern city of Haifa and its evolving metropolitan area, making that city at least as important as Tel Aviv. The new government was then trying to disperse the nation's population to the periphery and discouraged settlement in the already-populated Gush Dan. That slowed the growth of the Gush Dan, but the area still more than doubled in population within 20 years of the establishment of Israel. The opening of the Port of Ashdod in the southern Gush Dan also increased the area's importance, with the importance of Haifa diminishing and that of Tel Aviv increasing because of its proximity. Tel Aviv itself witnessed population decreases in the 1970s and 1980s, when outer regions of the Gush Dan with lower costs of living absorbed many of the people who had left Tel Aviv.

Only in the 1990s, with the immigration of more than 1 million Jews from former Soviet Republics, 40,000 Ethiopian Jews, and many others to Israel, as well as a boom in the religious population, would Tel Aviv begin to grow again. The demand for housing increased dramatically, with new cities such as Modiin and El'ad being built, and cities like Ashdod more than doubling in population, from 83,000 in 1990, to 175,000 in 2000. In the 2000s, the area continued to grow, attracting many immigrants from the Haifa metropolitan area. Today Gush Dan is the commercial, economical, cultural, and industrial center of Israel.<ref>https://www.bayareaeconomy.org/files/pdf/SiliconValleyToSiliconWadi.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref>

The Tel Aviv urban conurbation, stretching from Netanya to Ashdod, concentrates the largest Jewish population globally, nearing 3.9 million Jews. This figure significantly surpasses the Jewish population of the New York metropolitan area, which ranks second with 2.1 million Jews.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> Despite some successes in ongoing attempts by the Israeli government to encourage migration to the Galilee and the Negev, Gush Dan retains its position as the heart of Israel.

Cities in Gush DanEdit

Population in cities as of the end of 2021Template:Israel populations:Template:Israel populations Template:Div col

Over 400,000
Over 200,000
Over 100,000
Over 50,000
Over 20,000
Over 10,000

Template:Div col end

  • Gush Dan.png

    Map of the Gush Dan

  • Location telaviv.png

    Map of inner metropolitan area

  • Tel Aviv SPOT 1083.jpg

    Satellite Image of the Inner Ring of the Gush Dan

  • Tel Aviv Area at Night (ISS026-E-28912).jpg

    NASA photo of Tel Aviv area at night

Metropolitan ringsEdit

Israel Central Bureau of Statistics divides the Tel Aviv metropolitan area into four:

citation
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}}</ref>

Metropolitan ring Localities Population (EOY 2018 estimate) Population density
(per km²) 		Annual Population
growth rate
Total Jews and others1 Thereof: Jews Arabs
Core2 1 451,500 431,100 407,200 20,400 8,718.6 1.7%
Inner Ring3 13 975,600 973,700 911,900 2,000 8,097 1.4%
  Northern Section 4 144,300 144,100 138,800 200 3,327.4 1.3%
  Eastern Section 5 495,100 494,400 479,600 700 12,394.3 1.9%
  Southern Section 4 336,300 335,200 293,500 1,100 9,042.2 0.6%
Middle Ring4 31 1,219,800 1,177,300 1,108,100 42,500 4,157.4 1.6%
  Northern Section 6 239,500 239,200 232,300 300 4,567.4 1.3%
  Eastern Section 8 325,700 325,300 304,400 400 4,558.6 1.7%
  Southern Section 17 654,500 612,800 571,500 41,800 3,861.5 1.7%
Outer Ring5 258 1,338,000 1,200,200 1,140,700 137,800 1,052.9 2%
  Northern Section 97 497,100 397,300 375,100 99,800 1,284.9 1.3%
  Eastern Section 47 294,700 258,000 254,200 36,700 1,056.4 3.3%
  Southern Section 91 453,300 452,600 424,200 700 877.3 1.4%
Judea and Samaria Section6 23 93,000 92,300 87,200 600 – 4.3%
Total 303 3,984,900 3,782,300 3,567,900 202,700 2,361.4 1.7%

Template:Smalldiv

Business and commercial districtsEdit

File:Bursa05.jpg
Diamond Exchange District
File:Azriely Center.jpg
Azrieli Center
File:RothschildBoulevardTowersMay2014.jpg
Towers on Rothschild Boulevard
File:Ehad Haam stock exchange.JPG
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (old building)
File:PMarina026.jpg
Herzliya Pituah strip from the Marina
  • Diamond Exchange District – Ramat Gan – The Diamond Exchange District is in the city of Ramat Gan. Bordering the Ayalon Highway, the road dividing Ramat Gan and Tel Aviv, the district is home to Israel's diamond industry as well as being a major commercial center. The Diamond Exchange itself contains four buildings (towers) connected by bridges; the Maccabi Tower, Shimshon Tower, Noam Tower, and Diamond Tower, which contains the world's largest diamond trading floor and is the main building of the Diamond Exchange. The district also has a number of other important buildings. The Moshe Aviv Tower is Israel's second tallest (and formerly its tallest) building at 244 meters. Opposite, Exchange Ramat Gan is currently under construction, set to include a pair of skyscrapers and a commercial area between them. The Sheraton City Tower is a hotel in the district, whilst other notable buildings are the Ayalon Tower and Gibor Sport House.
  • Dizengoff Square – Tel Aviv – Dizengoff Center (Template:Langx) is a shopping mall in central Tel Aviv, host to about 140,000 visitors weekly. Lying south of Dizengoff Square, it is named for Meir Dizengoff, the first mayor of Tel Aviv. The first mall in Tel Aviv, the center opened in 1983. It is divided into two parts and straddles both sides of Dizengoff Street with the two parts linked by a pair of skywalks. The mall is bordered by Dizengoff Street, King George Street and the smaller Tchernichovsky street.
  • Port of Ashdod – Ashdod – The Port of Ashdod is one of Israel's two main cargo ports. The port is located in Ashdod, about 40 kilometers south of Tel Aviv, adjoining the mouth of the Lachish River. Its establishment doubled the country's port capacity.
  • Rothschild Boulevard – Tel Aviv – Rothschild Boulevard (Template:Langx, Sderot Rothschild) is a street in Tel Aviv beginning in Neve Tzedek at its southwestern edge and running north to Habima Theatre. It is one of the busiest and most expensive streets in the Gush Dan, being one of the city's main tourist attractions.<ref name="Haaretz">Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Azrieli Center – Tel Aviv – Azrieli Center is a complex of skyscrapers in Tel Aviv. At the base of the center lies a large shopping mall. The center was originally designed by Israeli-American architect Eli Attia, and after he fell out with the developer of the center David Azrieli (after whom it is named), completion of the design was passed on to the Tel Aviv firm of Moore Yaski Sivan Architects.
  • File:BursaTelAviv-2.jpg
    The new Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
    Tel Aviv Stock Exchange – Tel Aviv – The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE; Template:Langx; colloquially known as the Boursa) is Israel's only stock exchange. The TASE is the only public market for trading securities in Israel. It plays a major role in the Israeli economy. TASE lists some 622 companies, about 60 of which are also listed on stock exchanges in other countries. TASE also lists some 180 exchange-traded funds (ETFs), 60 government bonds, 500 corporate bonds, and more than 1000 mutual funds. 29 companies are members of the TASE, of which 14 are banks. The list of members indicates that Altshuler Shaham Ltd is a candidate for membership.
  • Tel Aviv Promenade – Tel Aviv – The Tel Aviv promenade runs along its beaches, and is an integral part of the city's lifestyle, as well as a major tourist attraction. Most of the city's bathing beaches and hiking paths are concentrated in the central part of its 14 kilometers of Mediterranean shore. It contains numerous hotels and commercial buildings.
  • Kiryat Atidim – Tel Aviv – high tech center in eastern Ramat HaHayal. The district is known for its ultra modern architecture.
  • Bat Yam coastal strip – Bat Yam - southward extension of the Tel Aviv Promenade
  • Herzliya Pituah coastal strip and industrial area – Herzliya – northward extension of the Tel Aviv Promenade
  • Kiryat Aryeh, Kiryat Matalon, and Segula Industrial Zones – (These three form the second largest industrial zone in the country after Haifa) – Petah Tikva
  • Ben Gurion Airport Industrial Zone – Lod
  • Eastern Industrial Sector – Holon
  • Eastern Industrial Zones – Netanya
  • Poleg industrial area – Netanya

Higher educationEdit

File:Eng boul.jpg
Tel Aviv University
File:Open University of Israel campus.jpg
Open University of Israel
File:Weizmann accelerator.jpg
Weizmann Institute of Science
Universities

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the School of Veterinary Medicine.

Colleges

Shopping centersEdit

File:Moshe2006 0605 110114.JPG
A view from the sixth floor of the mall at Tel Aviv Central Bus Station
File:Shuk hacarmel.JPG
Carmel Market
File:Cinemacity 045.jpg
G Cinema City in Rishon LeZion

TransportationEdit

File:Littleuni 13.jpg
Ayalon Highway separates Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan
File:BenGurionAirportfromAir.jpg
Ben Gurion International Airport

The Dan Bus Company is primarily focused on serving the Gush Dan, although it is being replaced by the Kavim company in many of the Gush Dan's cities. Much of Israel's national highway network feeds into the area, such as Highway 1, Highway 2, Highway 4, and Highway 5. Gush Dan is also served by the local Ayalon Highway. Israel Railways, the state owned, national rail network provider, also feeds most traffic into or within the Gush Dan region. The Tel Aviv Light Rail is also a major feature in the regions transport, as well as the high speed service to Jerusalem. Two airports are located in the Gush Dan; Sde Dov Airport which closed at 2019,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Ben Gurion International Airport in Lod which is Israel's largest airport handles over 22 million passengers a year and offers flights to destinations in Europe, Africa, Asia, and The Americas. The Tel Aviv Metro is a planned subway system to the region which will feature three lines, with the first public opening planned in 2032.

HighwaysEdit

Some of the major freeways/expressways carrying commuter traffic in and out of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area are:

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Center District (Israel) Template:Metropolitan areas in Israel Template:Authority control

PanoramasEdit

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