Gwen Verdon

Gwyneth Evelyn "Gwen" Verdon (January 13, 1925Template:SpndOctober 18, 2000) was an American actress and dancer. She won four Tony Awards for her musical comedy performances, and she served as an uncredited choreographer's assistant and specialty dance coach for theater and film. Verdon was a critically acclaimed performer on Broadway in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, having originated many roles in musicals, including Lola in Damn Yankees, the title character in Sweet Charity, and Roxie Hart in Chicago.

Her second husband was director-choreographer Bob Fosse. The couple collaborated on a number of theater and film projects. After Fosse's death, she worked to preserve his legacy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Early life

Verdon was born in Culver City, California, the second child of Gertrude Lilian (Template:Née Standring) and Joseph William Verdon, who were both British immigrants to the United States by way of Canada.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Her brother was William Farrell Verdon, her father was an electrician at MGM Studios, and her mother was a former vaudevillian of the Denishawn dance troupe, as well as a dance teacher.<ref>Birthdata, californiabirthindex.org; accessed June 24, 2015.</ref>

As a toddler, she suffered from rickets, which led to her being called "Gimpy" by other children and spent her early years in orthopedic boots and rigid leg braces. At age three, her mother enrolled her in dance classes. Further ballet training strengthened her legs and improved her carriage.Template:Citation needed

By age six, she was dancing on stage. She went on to study multiple dance forms, ranging from tap, jazz, ballroom and flamenco to Balinese. She also studied juggling. At age 11, she appeared as a solo ballerina in the musical romance film The King Steps Out (1936), directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Grace Moore and Franchot Tone. She attended Hamilton High School in Los Angeles and studied under ballet enthusiast Ernest Belcher. While in high school, she was cast in a revival of Show Boat.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Jerome-Robeson-Verdon-Angeles-Program/dp/B00YST5FMW</ref>

In 1942, Verdon's parents asked her to marry family friend and tabloid reporter James Henaghan after he got her pregnant at 17 years old, and she quit her dancing career to raise their child.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1945, she appeared as a dancer in the movie musical Blonde From Brooklyn. After her divorce, she entrusted her son Jimmy to the care of her parents.Template:Citation needed

Career

Early on, Verdon found a job as assistant to choreographer Jack Cole, whose work was respected by both Broadway and Hollywood movie studios. During her five-year employment with Cole, she took small roles in movie musicals as a "specialty dancer". She also taught dance to stars such as Jane Russell, Fernando Lamas, Lana Turner, Rita Hayworth, Betty Grable, and Marilyn Monroe.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Verdon started out on Broadway going from one chorus line to another. Her breakthrough role finally came when choreographer Michael Kidd cast her as the second female lead in Cole Porter's musical Can-Can (1953), starring French prima donna Lilo. Out-of-town reviewers hailed Verdon's interpretation of Eve in the Garden of Eden ballet as a performance that upstaged the show's star, who reputedly demanded Verdon's role be cut to only two featured dance numbers. With her role reduced to little more than an ensemble part, Verdon formally announced her intention to quit by the time the show premiered on Broadway. But her opening-night Garden of Eden performance was so well-received that the audience screamed her name until the startled actress was brought from her dressing room in a towel to take a curtain call.<ref>"Gwen Verdon #5" youtube.com, retrieved June 4, 2019</ref> Verdon received a pay increase and her first Tony Award for her performance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Verdon's biggest critical and commercial success was her following show, George Abbott's Damn Yankees (1955), based on the novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant. The musical ran for 1,019 performances. Verdon won another Tony and went to Hollywood to repeat her role in the 1958 movie version Damn Yankees, famously singing "Whatever Lola Wants". (Fosse can be seen partnered with her in the original mambo duet "Who's Got the Pain".}<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Verdon won another Tony for her performance in the musical New Girl in Town as a hard-luck girl fleeing from her past as a prostitute. She won her fourth Tony for the murder-mystery musical Redhead, Fosse's Broadway debut as a director/choreographer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1960, Fosse and Verdon wed.<ref name="lights" />

In 1966, Verdon returned to the stage in the role of Charity in Sweet Charity, which, like many of her earlier Broadway triumphs, was choreographed and directed by husband Fosse. The show is loosely based on Federico Fellini's screenplay for Nights of Cabiria. It was followed by a movie version starring Shirley MacLaine as Charity, featuring Ricardo Montalbán, Sammy Davis Jr. and Chita Rivera, with Fosse at the helm of his first film as director and choreographer. Verdon helped with the choreography. The numbers include the famed "Big Spender", "Rhythm of Life", "If My Friends Could See Me Now", and "I'm a Brass Band". Verdon also traveled to Berlin to help Fosse with Cabaret, the musical film for which he won an Oscar for Best Director.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Although estranged as a couple, Verdon continued to collaborate with Fosse as a performer and a choreographer. In the 1975 Broadway production of the Fosse-directed musical Chicago, Verdon originated the role of murderess Roxie Hart) opposite Chita Rivera's Velma Kelly. Although the musical was almost universally panned by critics, who compared it unfavorably to Cabaret, Gwen Verdon was singled out for praise: her performance was "delectable" wrote the NY Times theater critic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Verdon also helped out with Fosse's paean to Broadway dancing in the musical Dancin' (1978), as well as Fosse's autobiographical film All That Jazz (1979).<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The helpmate/peer played by Leland Palmer in that film is based on the role Verdon played in Fosse's real life. She also developed a close working relationship with Fosse's romantic partner of six years, Broadway dancer Ann Reinking, working as an instructor for Reinking's musical theatre classes.<ref>Miller, Julie, "Fosse/Verdon: Inside Ann Reinking and Gwen Verdon’s Unlikely Friendship" Vanity Fair, May, 2019</ref>

After the 1975 stage version of Chicago Verdon focused on film acting, playing character roles in movies such as The Cotton Club (1984), Cocoon (1985), and Cocoon: The Return (1988). She collected several Emmy nominations in her guest performances on television shows, including nominations for appearances on Magnum, P.I. (1988), Dream On (1993) and Homicide: Life on the Street (1993). Her screen roles continued in prestigious films, such as the mother of Mia Farrow's title character in the Woody Allen movie Alice (1990) and the eccentric Aunt Ruth in Marvin's Room (1996), co-starring Meryl Streep, Diane Keaton, and Leonardo DiCaprio. Other film roles include Alora in Walking Across Egypt (1999) and Bruno (2000).

Verdon served as artistic consultant to the 1999 Broadway musical Fosse, reprising classic Fosse choreography without any formal narrative; the revue was conceived and co-directed by Richard Maltby Jr. and Ann Reinking. (Verdon's daughter with Fosse, performer Nicole Fosse received a "special thanks" credit.) With glowing reviews, Fosse ran for 1000 performances on Broadway and collected four Tonys, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personal life

Verdon was married twice and had two children. She married tabloid reporter James Archibald Henaghan in 1942. They had a son, Jim, the following year and divorced in 1947. In 1960, Verdon married choreographer Bob Fosse. They had a daughter, Nicole, in 1963. Fosse's extramarital affairs put a strain on their marriage, and by 1971, Verdon and Fosse were separated, but never divorced. She was involved in relationships with actor Scott Brady and actor Jerry Lanning, son of Roberta Sherwood.<ref>"Scott Brady And Gwen Verdon News Photo" gettyimages.com, January 10, 1955</ref> Verdon was with Fosse when he suffered a fatal heart attack at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C., in September 1987.<ref name=times>Molotsky, Irvin. "Bob Fosse, Director and Choreographer, Dies" The New York Times, September 24, 1987</ref>

Verdon was a cat fancier, having up to six cats at one time, with the pets carrying names such as "Feets Fosse", "Junie Moon", and "Tidbits Tumbler Fosse".<ref>Cat People, Bill Hayward, introduction by Rogers E. M. Whitaker. New York: Dolphin/Doubleday, 1978 (p. 70)</ref>

Verdon was a mental health-care advocate; later in life, she openly spoke about the positive effects of mental-health counseling. Along with teaching dance as a form of therapy, she sat on the board of directors for the New York Postgraduate Center for Mental Health, and actively raised funds to support mental health-care research.<ref>Taylor, Clarke. "Separated but Still Mated Professionally" People, Vol.3, No.4, June 23, 1975</ref>

She was also stated to be a big fan of baseball, and went to day games with her scout son.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Death and legacy

Verdon died from a heart attack on October 18, 2000, aged 75, at her daughter's home in Woodstock, Vermont.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=lights>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that night, at 8 pm, all marquee lights on Broadway were dimmed in a tribute to Verdon.<ref name=lights/>

Popular culture

Fosse/Verdon is an 8-part American miniseries starring Sam Rockwell as Fosse and Michelle Williams as Verdon.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The series, which tells the story of the couple's troubled personal and professional relationship, is based on the biography Fosse by Sam Wasson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It premiered in eight parts on April 9, 2019, on FX. At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, Fosse/Verdon received seventeen nominations, including Outstanding Limited Series and acting nominations for Rockwell, Williams, and Margaret Qualley (as Ann Reinking). Williams won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Work

Stage

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1950	Alive and Kicking	Herself	Musical revue
1953	Can-Can	Claudine/Eve	Grammy Award for Best Broadway Show Album Tony Award for Distinguished Supporting or Featured Musical Actress
1955	Damn Yankees	Lola	Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical
1957	New Girl in Town	Anna
1959	Redhead	Essie Whimple
1966	Sweet Charity	Charity Hope Valentine	Nominated–Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical
1972	Children! Children!	Helen Giles	Only played one performance (13 previews)
1975	Chicago	Roxie Hart	Nominated–Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1936	The King Steps Out	Specialty Ballerina	Uncredited
1941	The Girl After My Heart	Specialty Ballerina	Credited as "Gwen Verdun" [sic] a Soundie by Roy Mack
1943	Hoosier Holiday	Cheerleader	Uncredited
1945	Blonde from Brooklyn	Girl in Nightclub	Uncredited
1951	On the Riviera	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
	David and Bathsheba	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
	Meet Me After the Show	Sappho	Uncredited prominent dancer in "No Talent Joe"
1952	Dreamboat	Girl	Uncredited
	The Merry Widow	Specialty Can-Can Dancer	Uncredited
1953	The I Don't Care Girl	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
	The Mississippi Gambler	Voodoo Dancer	Uncredited
	The Farmer Takes a Wife	Abigail	Uncredited
1955	Gentlemen Marry Brunettes	Specialty Dancer	Uncredited
1958	Damn Yankees	Lola	Nominated—BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Film
1978	Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band	Our Guests at Heartland
1982	Creepshow	Voice of Lenora Castonmeyer	Uncredited
1984	The Cotton Club	Tish Dwyer
1985	Cocoon	Bess McCarthy	Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress
1987	Nadine	Vera
1988	Cocoon: The Return	Bess McCarthy Selwyn
1990	Alice	Alice's mother
1994	Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All	Etta Pell, Nursing Home Resident
1996	Marvin's Room	Ruth Wakefield	Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
1999	Walking Across Egypt	Alora
2000	Bruno	Mrs. Drago

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1954	Goodyear Playhouse	Shirley Kochendorfer	Episode: "Native Dancer"
1972	Love, American Style	Estelle Mayberry	Segment: "Love and the New Act"
1973	The $10,000 Pyramid	Celebrity Guest	Week of October 22–26, playing against Godfrey Cambridge<ref>" 10,000 Pyramid Gwen Verdon & Godfrey Cambridge, Aired Oct 22, 1973" Template:Webarchive tv.com, retrieved June 4, 2019</ref>
1981	M*A*S*H	Brandy Doyle (USO performer)	Episodes: "That's Show Biz" (two episodes, Parts 1 and 2)
1982	Fame	Melinda MacNeil	Episode: "Come One, Come All"
	All My Children	Judith Kingsley Sawyer	Unknown episodes
1983	Legs	Maureen Comly	Television movie
1984	The Jerk, Too	Bag Lady	Television movie; uncredited
	Gimme a Break!	Lily	Episode: "The Center"
1985	Trapper John, M.D.	Ms. Taylor	Episode: "All the King's Horses"
	Kids Incorporated	Ruth	Episode: "Grandma, Won't You Dance with Me"
1985–1988	Magnum, P.I.	Katherine Peterson	5 episodes Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series Template:Small
1986	The Equalizer	Kelly Sterling	Episode: "Unnatural Causes"
	All Is Forgiven	Bonita Harrell	Episode: "I Can't Say No"
1986–1988	Webster	Aunt Charlotte	3 episodes
1987	Hotel	Iris Lloyd	Episode: "Second Thoughts"
1989	Dear John	Yvonne	Episode: "The Second Time Around"
1990	Paris is Burning	Herself	Uncredited
1992	Dream On	Kitty Brewer	Episode: "For Peter's Sake" Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Template:Small
1993	Homicide: Life on the Street	Jessie Doohen	Episode: "Ghost of a Chance" Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series Template:Small
	Key West	Sister Grace	Episode: "Gimme Shelter"
1994	The Cosby Mysteries	Yolanda	2 episodes
1996	In Cold Blood	Sadie Truitt	2 episodes
1997	Touched by an Angel	Lorraine McCully	Episode: "Missing in Action"
1997–1999	Walker, Texas Ranger	Maisie Whitman	2 episodes
1998	Promised Land	Karen Hatcher	Episode: "Undercover Granny"

Music

• In 1956, Verdon released an album titled The Girl I Left Home For. The album includes her covers of popular jazz standards of the time.<ref>" The Girl I Left Home For RCA Victor LPM-1152" discogs.com, retrieved June 4, 2019</ref>

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Nominated work	Result	Ref.
1981	American Theater Hall of Fame	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1958	British Academy Film Awards	Most Promising Newcomer to Film	Damn Yankees	Template:Nom	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1959	Grammy Awards	Best Broadway Show Album	Redhead	Template:WonTemplate:Efn	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1958	Laurel Awards	Top Female Musical Performance	Damn Yankees	Template:Nom
		Top Female New Personality	Template:N/a	Template:Draw
1979	Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards	Choreography	Dancin'Template:Efn	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1998	National Medal of Arts	Template:N/a	Actress & Dancer	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1966	Outer Critics Circle Awards	Best Performance	Sweet Charity	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1988	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series	Magnum, P.I. Template:Small	Template:Nom	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1993		Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series	Dream On Template:Small	Template:Nom
		Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series	Homicide: Life on the Street Template:Small	Template:Nom
1985	Saturn Awards	Best Supporting Actress	Cocoon	Template:Nom
1996	Screen Actors Guild Awards	Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role	Marvin's Room	Template:Nom	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
		Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture		Template:Nom
1953	Theatre World Awards	Template:N/a	Can-Can	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1954	Tony Awards	Distinguished Supporting or Featured Musical Actress		Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1956		Best Leading Actress in a Musical	Damn Yankees	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1958			New Girl in Town	Template:WonTemplate:Efn	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1959			Redhead	Template:Won	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1966			Sweet Charity	Template:Nom	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1976			Chicago	Template:Nom	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

External links

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