Hammersmith & City line

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox rail line The Hammersmith & City line is a London Underground line that runs between Hammersmith in west London and Template:Stn in east London. Coloured pink on the Tube map, it serves 29 stations over Template:Convert. Between Template:Stn and Template:Lus it skirts the City of London, the capital's financial heart, hence the line's name. Its tunnels are just below the surface and are a similar size to those on British main lines. Most of the track and all stations are shared with the Circle, District or Metropolitan lines. Over 141 million passenger journeys are made each year on the Hammersmith & City line.

In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway began the world's first underground railway service between Template:Stn and Farringdon with wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The following year, a railway west from Paddington to Hammersmith was opened and this soon became operated and owned jointly by the Metropolitan and Great Western Railway companies. The line was then extended to the east, in stages, reaching the East London Railway in 1884. The line was electrified in 1906, and, in 1936, after the Metropolitan Railway had been absorbed by the London Passenger Transport Board, some Hammersmith & City line trains were extended over the former District Railway line to Barking. The Hammersmith & City route was shown on the Tube map as part of the Metropolitan line until 30 July 1990, when it was redesignated as a separate line.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

Starting in 2015, the signalling system was upgraded as part of a programme to increase peak-hour capacity on the line. The six-car C Stock trains were replaced from 2012 to 2014 by new seven-car S Stock trains.

The line runs parallel to the Great Western Main Line between Paddington and Template:Lus, and parallel to the London, Tilbury and Southend line between Template:Lus and Barking.

HistoryEdit

Metropolitan RailwayEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Infobox UK legislation Template:Hammersmith & City line RDT The first line built by the Metropolitan Railway (Met) was from Paddington to near Smithfield, near London's financial heart in the City; with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. Authorised by the Template:Visible anchor (24 & 25 Vict. c. clxiv), and opened on 10 January 1863, it was the world's first underground railway. The line was built mostly under the New Road using the "cut-and-cover" method between Paddington and King's Cross and then in tunnel and cuttings beside Farringdon Road.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Supported by the Met and the Great Western Railway (GWR), the Hammersmith & City Railway (H&CR) was built from the GWR's main line a mile west of Paddington station to the developing suburbs of Shepherd's Bush and Hammersmith.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn Built on viaduct largely across open fields,Template:Sfn the line opened on 13 June 1864 with a GWR service from FarringdonTemplate:Sfn to Hammersmith,Template:Sfn services to Addison Road (now Kensington (Olympia)) on the West London Railway via a link at Latimer Road starting a few weeks later.Template:Sfn From 1865, the Met ran trains to Hammersmith and the GWR trains to Addison Road.Template:Efn In 1867, the line became jointly owned by the two companies. In 1871, two additional tracks parallel to the GWR between Westbourne Park and Paddington were brought into use for the H&CR, and in 1878 the flat crossing at Westbourne Park was replaced by a dive-under.Template:Sfn A year earlier some services had been extended via London & South Western Railway's Hammersmith (Grove Road) railway station and their line to Richmond.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn

The railway was extended east of Farringdon and a terminus opened at Aldgate on 18 November 1876.Template:Sfn The Met wished to access the South Eastern Railway via the East London Railway (ELR) and jointly with the District Railway built lines from their Mansion House station to the Met's Aldgate station and east from Aldgate to reach the ELR at Whitechapel. In October 1884, the Met extended some Hammersmith services over the ELR to New Cross.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn

In 1902, the Whitechapel & Bow Railway was opened, linking the District Railway at Whitechapel to the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR) at an above-ground junction at Bow, to the west of Bromley-by-Bow station, and some District services were extended from Whitechapel to East Ham.Template:Sfn When the line was electrified in 1906 services to Richmond were withdrawn and the western termini became Hammersmith and Kensington (Addison Road), and to the east services were diverted from the ELR to Whitechapel,Template:Sfn until the ELR was electrified in 1914 and services ran from Hammersmith to New Cross (SER) and New Cross (LB&SCR).Template:Sfn The 6-car electric multiple units were jointly owned by the Met and GWR until 1923 when the GWR sold theirs to the Met.Template:Sfn

London TransportEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 1 July 1933, the Metropolitan Railway was amalgamated with other Underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board. To relieve congestion on the District line east of Template:Stl from 1936 some Hammersmith & City line trains were diverted from the East London line to Barking.Template:Sfn Through trains to New Cross and New Cross Gate were withdrawn in November 1939,Template:Sfn the Hammersmith & City line trains terminating at Whitechapel while the longer 8-car Uxbridge line trains ran to Barking. However, this caused operational problems and from 1941 Barking was again served by trains from Hammersmith.Template:Sfn

From 1937, new steel O stock trains, with doors remotely operated by the guard, replaced the wooden-bodied trains dating from 1906. It had been intended to operate the new trains with four or six cars,Template:Sfn but after initial problems with the traction current only six-car formations were used.Template:Sfn Services to Kensington (Olympia) via the curve at Latimer Road were suspended for the duration of World War II after bomb damage to the West London line in 1940.Template:Sfn When the similar trains running on the Circle line were lengthened to six cars in 1959 and 1960, the stock of the two lines was integrated with maintenance at Hammersmith depot.Template:Sfn Aluminium C Stock trains, with public address systems and originally unpainted, replaced these trains from 1970.Template:Sfn One person operation was proposed in 1972, but due to conflict with the trade unions was not introduced until 1984.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

A separate identityEdit

The Hammersmith & City line was shown on the tube map as part of the Metropolitan line until 1990, when it became separated, and the Metropolitan line became the route from Aldgate to Baker Street and northwards through "Metro-land" to Uxbridge, Watford and Amersham.Template:Sfn<ref name="T90">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2003, the infrastructure of the Hammersmith & City line was partly privatised in a public–private partnership, managed by the Metronet consortium. Metronet went into administration in 2007 and the local government body Transport for London took over responsibilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The reconstruction of Whitechapel station for the new Crossrail line required the reversing platforms to be taken out of use and since December 2009 all services have been extended to Plaistow or Barking.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Beginning in 2012, following the complete replacement of the Metropolitan line's A Stock with S8 Stock, the C Stock trains of the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines were replaced by the S7 Stock. The Hammersmith & City line received the S7 Stock first, with the first train entering service on 6 July 2012, running a shuttle service between Hammersmith and Moorgate<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> before operating between Hammersmith and Barking on 9 December 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By March 2014, all services were provided by S7 Stock trains.<ref name="March Report">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

RouteEdit

Template:Wide image The line is Template:Convert long with 29 stations, all of which are shared with other lines.<ref name="linefacts"/>

Almost all of its track is shared with the other London Underground sub-surface lines: from Hammersmith to Baker Street with the Circle line; from Baker Street to Liverpool Street with the Circle and Metropolitan lines; and from Aldgate East station to Barking with the District line. A short section between Paddington and Edgware Road is also shared with the District line, while a short section between Liverpool Street and Aldgate East is not shared with any other line.<ref name="map" />

The line is electrified with a four-rail DC system: a central conductor rail is energised at Template:Val and a rail outside the running rails at Template:Val, giving a potential difference of Template:Val.<ref name="Martin2012">Template:Cite book</ref>

Much of the Template:Convert double-track railway from the Hammersmith terminus to Westbourne Park station is on a Template:Convert high brick viaduct.Template:Sfn After Westbourne Park the line passes beneath the Great Western Main Line re-surfacing at Royal Oak station and running alongside the main lines to Paddington station.<ref name="map">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The line enters a cutting just west of Paddington, with a cut-and-cover tunnel at the far eastern end of the platforms. It meets the Circle and District lines from Bayswater at Praed Street Junction before passing through Edgware Road station in a cutting. After King's Cross St Pancras the line is partly in cutting but mostly in the Clerkenwell Tunnels, just after which it passes over the Ray Street Gridiron that carries the route over the City Widened Lines used for Thameslink services.<ref name="map" />Template:Sfn Template:Sfn There are bay platforms at Moorgate. Just before Aldgate the line diverges from the Circle and Metropolitan lines, continuing eastwards to join the District line west of Aldgate East.<ref name="map" /> The line passes over the Windrush line (on the East London line railway) at Whitechapel station continuing on the Template:Convert former Whitechapel & Bow Railway to Bow Road where it surfaces, and then to Bromley-by-Bow, where it runs alongside the London, Tilbury and Southend line from Fenchurch Street. At the next station, West Ham, there is a transfer with the Jubilee line, the Docklands Light Railway and London, Tilbury and Southend line. There is a bay platform at the next station, Plaistow, and the line terminates after two more stations at Barking.<ref name="map" />

ServicesEdit

Template:As of, off-peak there are six trains per hour, calling at all stations,<ref name="TBL">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} In the Tube timetable - Tube station box select "Hammersmith (H&C Line)" and press Get Timetable. Select Hammersmith & City line Barking timetable and then view timetable.</ref> and requiring 15 trains for the peak-hour service.<ref name="linefacts"/> Together with the Circle line, over 114 million passenger journeys are made each year.<ref name="Almanac">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The journey from Hammersmith to Barking takes one hour during off-peak times. The central section from Paddington to Aldgate East is in Fare Zone 1; to the west to Hammersmith and east to Bromley-by-Bow is in Zones 2; East Ham is in both Zones 3 and 4, whilst Barking is in Zone 4 alone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Rolling stockEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:S7 Stock leaving West Ham, July 2013.jpg

S7 Stock leaving West Ham station

Services are provided by S7 Stock trains, part of Bombardier's Movia family, with air-conditioning as the sub-surface tunnels (unlike those on the deep-level tube lines) are able to disperse the exhausted hot air.<ref name=Bombardier>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These trains have regenerative brakes, returning around 20 per cent of their energy to the network.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With a top speed of Template:Convert,<ref name=Bombardier /> a 7-car S Stock train has a capacity of 865 passengers, compared to 739 for the six-car C Stock train it replaced.<ref name="TfL-Cs">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TfL-SStock"/> With a length of Template:Convert, S Stock trains are Template:Convert longer than Template:Convert long C Stock trains and station platforms have been lengthened.<ref name="MR201012p46ff">Template:Cite news</ref> Traction voltage was increased in 2017, from the present nominal 630 V to 750 V to give better performance and allow the trains to return more energy to the network through their regenerative brakes.<ref name="TfL-SStock">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DepotEdit

The line's depot is at Hammersmith,Template:Efn close to Hammersmith station, built by the Great Western Railway to be operated by the Metropolitan Railway when the joint railway was electrified in the early 20th century.Template:Sfn Sidings at Barking and near High Street Kensington (Triangle Sidings) stable trains overnight.<ref name="linefacts"/> Sidings at Farringdon were used during the C stock era; due to the greater length of the new S stock trains, these are no longer in use.

Four Lines ModernisationEdit

Template:See also

It was planned that a new signalling system would be used first on the sub-surface lines from the end of 2016,<ref name="MR3">Template:Cite magazine</ref> but signalling contractor Bombardier was released from its contract by agreement in December 2013 amid heavy criticism of the procurement process<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and London Underground subsequently awarded the contract for the project to Thales in August 2015.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

With the introduction of S7 Stock, the track, electrical supply, and signalling systems are being upgraded in a programme planned to increase peak-hour capacity on the line by 27 per cent by the end of 2023.<ref name="MR3" /><ref name="TfL-upgrade2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A single control room for the sub-surface railway opened at Hammersmith on 6 May 2018, and Communications Based Control (CBTC) provided by Thales will progressively replace 'fixed block' signalling equipment dating back the 1940s.<ref name="MR3" /><ref name="MR22">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The rollout of CBTC has been split into sections, each known as a Signal Migration Area (SMA), and are located on the line as follows:<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Hammersmith & City line Signal Migration Areas
Template:Abbr Template:Efn-lr	From	To	Status	Date
0.5	Hammersmith	Latimer Road	completed	March 2019
1	Latimer Road	Paddington	completed	September 2019
2	Paddington	Euston Square	completed	September 2019
3	Euston Square	Stepney Green	completed	July 2020
6	Stepney Green	Becontree	completed	January 2023

Template:Notelist-lr

List of stationsEdit

Station	Image	OpenedTemplate:Sfn	Additional information	Location
Hammersmith Disabled access	File:Hammersmith (H & C line) station building.JPG	13 June 1864	Connects with District and Piccadilly lines. Moved to current position 1 December 1868.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Goldhawk Road	File:Goldhawk Road stn east entrance.JPG	1 April 1914		Template:Coord
Shepherd's Bush Market	File:Shepherd's Bush Market stn east entrance.JPG	13 June 1864	Moved to current position 1 April 1914.Template:Sfn Renamed from "Shepherd's Bush" in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>	Template:Coord
Wood Lane Disabled access	File:Wood Lane tube station 8.jpg	12 October 2008	<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>	Template:Coord
Latimer Road	File:Latimer Road tube stn entrance close-up 2012.JPG	16 December 1868	Closed between 17 January and 1 August 2011 for refurbishment and extension works<ref name="Latimer Road station to close for engineering works">Template:Cite press release</ref>	Template:Coord
Ladbroke Grove	File:Ladbroke Grove station.jpg	13 June 1864	Opened as Notting Hill, renamed Notting Hill & Ladbroke Grove in 1880, Ladbroke Grove (North Kensington) in 1919 and Ladbroke Grove in 1938.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Westbourne Park	File:Westbourne Park tube station 1.jpg	1 February 1866	Moved to current position 1 November 1871,Template:Sfn and a Great Western Main Line station until 1992.Template:Efn Template:Sfn Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Royal Oak	File:Royal Oak tube station Entrance.jpg	30 October 1871	Also a Great Western Main Line station until 1934.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Paddington Disabled access Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:Paddington tube stn Hammersmith & City westbound look east.JPG	10 January 1863	Opened as Paddington (Bishop's Road), renamed in 1948.Template:Sfn Connects with Bakerloo, Circle and District lines, Elizabeth line and Paddington main-line station.	Template:Coord
Edgware Road	File:EdgwareRdHammersmith.jpg	10 January 1863	Connects with Circle and District lines.	Template:Coord
Baker Street	File:BakerStEntrance.JPG	10 January 1863	Connects with Bakerloo, Jubilee and Metropolitan lines.	Template:Coord
Great Portland Street	File:Great Portland St Tube Station.jpg	10 January 1863	Opened as Portland Road, renamed Great Portland Street in 1917. Named Great Portland Street & Regent's Park 1923–33.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Euston Square	File:Euston Square stn south entrance.JPG	10 January 1863	Opened as Gower Street and renamed in 1909.Template:Sfn Closest Hammersmith & City line station to Template:Rws main-line station.	Template:Coord
King's Cross St Pancras Disabled access Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rint Template:Rail-interchange	File:King's Cross St Pancras tube stn Euston Rd NE entrance.JPG	10 January 1863	Opened as King's Cross, renamed King's Cross & St. Pancras in 1925 and King's Cross St. Pancras in 1933. Moved to current position in 1941.Template:Sfn Connects with Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines St Pancras and King's Cross main-line stations and international rail services.	Template:Coord
Farringdon Disabled access Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rint	File:Farringdon station building.JPG	10 January 1863	Opened as Farringdon Street, and moved to current position in 1865. Renamed Farringdon & High Holborn in 1922 and Farringdon in 1936.Template:Sfn Connects with Thameslink and Elizabeth line services.	Template:Coord
Barbican	File:Barbican station entrance.JPG	23 December 1865	Opened as Aldersgate Street, then Aldersgate in 1910, Aldersgate & Barbican in 1923 and Barbican in 1968.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Moorgate Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:Moorgate entrance Mgate.JPG	23 December 1865	Opened as Moorgate Street, renamed in 1924.Template:Sfn Connects with Northern line and the main line. The Elizabeth line is interchangeable via the Northern Line platforms from Liverpool Street station due to the long platforms.	Template:Coord
Liverpool Street Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:Liverpool Street station entrance Bishopsgate.JPG	11 July 1875	From February to July 1875 trains used platforms in the mainline station.Template:Sfn Connects with Central, Circle and Metropolitan lines, Elizabeth line and Liverpool Street mainline station.	Template:Coord
Aldgate East	File:Aldgate East stn southwest entrance.JPG	6 October 1884	Connects with District line. Moved to current position in 1938.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Whitechapel Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:Whitechapel tube station entrance.jpg	6 October 1884	Connects with Windrush line and Elizabeth line services. Opened as Whitechapel (Mile End), renamed in 1901. Metropolitan service began in 1906, and withdrawn 1913–36.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Stepney Green	File:Stepney Green stn building.JPG	23 June 1902	Metropolitan service began in 1941.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Mile End	File:Mile End stn entrance.JPG	2 June 1902	Cross platform interchange with Central line. Metropolitan service began in 1936.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Bow Road (Template:Rail-interchange at Bow Church)	File:Bow Road stn building.JPG	11 June 1902	Main-line station opened in 1876 and moved in 1892.Template:Sfn Metropolitan service began in 1936,Template:Sfn main-line station closed in 1947.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Bromley-by-Bow Disabled access	File:Bromley-by-Bow stn entrance.JPG	2 June 1902	Opened as main-line station in 1894. First served as Bromley, Metropolitan service began in 1936, main-line station closed in 1940 and renamed in 1967.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
West Ham Disabled access Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:West Ham stn entrance.JPG	2 June 1902	Connects with Jubilee line, Docklands Light Railway and c2c services. Main-line station opened 1901, Named West Ham (Manor Road) from 1924 to 1969, Metropolitan service began in 1941 and main-line station closed 1994.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Plaistow	File:Plaistow station building.JPG	2 June 1902	Main-line station opened in 1858.Template:Sfn Metropolitan service began in 1936.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Upton Park	File:Upton Park tube station 1.jpg	2 June 1902	Main-line station opened in 1877.Template:Sfn Metropolitan service began in 1936.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
East Ham Disabled access	File:East ham tube station london.jpg	2 June 1902	Main-line station opened in 1858.Template:Sfn Metropolitan service began in 1936.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord
Barking Disabled access Template:Rail-interchange Template:Rail-interchange	File:Barking station building2.JPG	2 June 1902	Connects with c2c, Suffragette line, and District line services to Upminster. Main-line station opened in 1854.Template:Sfn District Railway service withdrawn 1905–1908. Metropolitan service began in 1936.Template:Sfn	Template:Coord