Hat-trick
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates A hat-trick or hat trick is the achievement of a generally positive feat three times in a match, or another achievement based on the number three.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
OriginEdit
The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries. Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds.<ref>Extended Oxford English Dictionary 1999 Edition : "It came into use after HH Stephenson took three wickets in three balls for the all-England eleven against the twenty-two of Hallam at the Hyde Park ground, Sheffield in 1858. A collection was held for Stephenson (as was customary for outstanding feats by professionals) and he was presented with a cap or hat bought with the proceeds."</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The term was used in print for the first time in 1865 in the Chelmsford Chronicle.<ref>A report of a match between Grays and Romford in Template:Closed access Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Non primary source needed The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Formula 1 racing, rugby, and water polo.
UseEdit
Bat and ball gamesEdit
BaseballEdit
In the past, the term was occasionally used to describe when a player struck out three times in a baseball game, and the term golden sombrero was more commonly used when a player struck out four times in a game.
In recent years, hat trick has been more often used to describe when a player hits three home runs in a game.
For example, on 29 August 2015, Toronto Blue Jays fans celebrated Edwin Encarnación's third home run of the game by throwing hats onto the field, similar to the tradition in ice hockey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CricketEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} A hat-trick occurs in cricket when an individual bowler takes three wickets with consecutive deliveries in the same match.
Football codesEdit
Association footballEdit
A hat-trick<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> occurs in association football when a player scores three goals (not necessarily consecutive) in a single game,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> whereas scoring two goals (in a single match) is called a brace.<ref>Soccer Definitions & Slang Terms Template:Webarchive soccer-training-info.com</ref><ref>"Brace" means two of a kind or a pair of something Template:Webarchive Harper Collins</ref> In common with other official record-keeping rules, all goals scored during the regulation 90 minutes, plus extra time if required, are counted but goals in a penalty shootout are excluded from the tally.<ref>Kicks from the penalty mark (aka penalty shootout) do not form part of the match. {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The fastest recorded time to score a hat-trick is 70 seconds, a record set by Alex Torr in a Sunday league game in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The previous record of 90 seconds was held by Tommy Ross playing for Ross County against Nairn County on 28 November 1964.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The record of the youngest player ever to score a hat-trick<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was set by Ntinos Pontikas in 1996,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while Pelé in 1958 became the youngest to achieve a hat-trick in the FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The first hat-trick<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> achieved in an international game was by Scottish player John McDougall, against England on 2 March 1878.<ref>Scotland – International Matches 1872–1880 Template:Webarchive Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 11 September 2015.</ref> German Erwin Helmchen scored 141 official hat-tricks in his career with Pelé having 92.<ref>10 Players with the most hat tricks in history - Topsoccer.com</ref> American player Bert Patenaude scored the first hat-trick in the FIFA World Cup, against Paraguay in the inaugural event in 1930. Three hat-tricks have been scored in a World Cup final: by Geoff Hurst for England in the 1966 final against West Germany,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> by Carli Lloyd for the USA against Japan in the 2015 Women's World Cup final and by Kylian Mbappé for France in the 2022 final against Argentina.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lloyd's was, at 16 minutes, the fastest from kick-off in any World Cup match. However, the fastest World Cup hat-trick, as measured by time between goals, belongs to Fabienne Humm of Switzerland, who scored in the 47th, 49th and 52nd minutes against Ecuador in the 2015 group stage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Traditionally, a player who scores a hat-trick is allowed to keep the match ball as a memento.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Perfect hat-trickEdit
Football has also extended the term, with a perfect hat-trick being when a player scores one right-footed goal, one left-footed goal and one headed goal within one match.<ref>Michel Platini: Uefa chief has his critics but is used to success Template:Webarchive, Ben Smith, 9 December 2012</ref><ref>Alberto Bueno scored four La Liga goals in ..16 .. minutes Template:Webarchive, BBC News, 28 February 2015</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Flawless hat-trickEdit
In Germany and Austria, the term (Template:Langx) Hattrick (flawless hat-trick) refers to when a player scores three goals in a row in one half without the half-time break or a goal scored by another player interrupting the performance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Gaelic footballEdit
In Gaelic football, a hat-trick can refer to goals or to points scored.
Eoin Liston scored a second-half hat-trick in the 1978 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.<ref>Breheny, Martin. "Martin Breheny's Greatest All-Ireland Finals". Irish Independent. 1 September 2018, p. 11.</ref>
Michael Quinlivan scored a second-half hat-trick against Armagh in the final game of the 2017 National Football League to secure promotion to Division 2 for Tipperary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Michael Quinlivan heroics against Armagh sees Tipperary promoted Template:Webarchive Irish Examiner</ref>
Jack McCaffrey's total of 1–3 in the 2019 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final (drawn game) involved a "classic hat-trick" of points, sent over the bar with fist and both feet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cillian O'Connor's four goals (accompanied by nine points) in the 2020 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final at Croke Park broke the 5–3 record set by Johnny Joyce of Dublin in 1960 and matched with 3–9 by Rory Gallagher of Fermanagh in 2002 for the highest individual scorer in any championship football match.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
David Clifford scored a hat-trick against Galway in the opening round of the 2021 National Football League.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Gridiron footballEdit
The term hat-trick is only occasionally used in gridiron football, usually for rhetorical flourish in sports writing. Usually an offensive player scoring three touchdowns in a single game is awarded a hat-trick.
Additionally, the term is applied to a defensive player, often an edge rusher, who in a single scrimmage play performs a sack which causes the quarterback to fumble, and then recovers that fumble.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rugby footballEdit
In both codes of rugby football (rugby union and rugby league) a hat-trick is when a player scores three or more tries in a game. In rugby union, a related concept is that of a "full house" (scoring a try, conversion, penalty goal, and drop goal) in a single game. When a player scores two tries, this is often referred to as a brace. As with association football, it is common to award the match ball to a player who scores a hat-trick.
Ken Irvine and Frank Burge both scored 16 hat-tricks in Australian first grade rugby league.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shaun Johnson scored a hat-trick in under 6 minutes against the Canberra Raiders in 2013, and in the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, Valentine Holmes scored a double hat-trick (6 tries) against Fiji.
HandballEdit
In handball, if a player scores thrice in a game, a hat-trick is made.
HockeyEdit
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In field hockey and ice hockey, a hat trick occurs when a player scores three goals in a single game. A hat trick in ice hockey, as it is known in its current form, culminates with fans throwing hats onto the ice from the stands. The tradition is said to have begun among fans in the National Hockey League around the 1950s,<ref name="guelph">Template:Cite news</ref> with several conflicting legends from the Canadian cities of Toronto, Montreal, and Guelph of various hatmakers offering a free hat to players who scored a hat trick.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="GuelphS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1946, the Biltmore Hat Company in Guelph sponsored the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters, a junior affiliate team of the NHL's New York Rangers. When a Mad Hatters player recorded a Hat Trick, hats were thrown on the ice and the player received a new Biltmore fedora after the game to honor his accomplishment.<ref name="GuelphS"/>
Wayne Gretzky holds the NHL record for the most hat tricks in a career with 50. Harry Hyland scored the league's first hat trick, in the league's first game on 18 December 1917, in which Hyland's Montreal Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10–9.<ref name="cbc2017">Template:Cite news</ref>
VariationsEdit
Template:AnchorIn ice hockey, a natural hat trick occurs when a player scores three consecutive goals, uninterrupted by any other player scoring for either team.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The NHL record for the fastest natural hat trick is 21 seconds, set by Bill Mosienko in 1952 for the Chicago Blackhawks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A Gordie Howe hat trick is a tongue-in-cheek play on the feat. It is achieved by scoring a goal, getting an assist, and getting into a fight, all in the same game. Namesake Gordie Howe himself only recorded two in his NHL career. Rick Tocchet accomplished the feat 18 times in his career, the most in NHL history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In October 1995, Florida Panthers captain Scott Mellanby scored a rat trick, the term coined by teammate John Vanbiesbrouck. Prior to the game, Mellanby killed a rat in the Panthers' locker room with his hockey stick, and proceeded to score a pair of goals later that night.<ref name="Rat Pack">Template:Cite magazine</ref> When Mellanby scored a hat trick in a later game, some Florida fans threw plastic rats onto the ice, a tradition that continued for all Panthers' goals throughout the 1996 playoffs. Due to the resulting game delays caused by the necessary clean-up of the plastic rats, the league eventually banned the activity and modified Rule 63 to impose a minor penalty against the home team for a violation.<ref name="NHL_Rule">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The more traditional practice of fans throwing hats onto the ice following genuine hat tricks remains exempt from this penalty.<ref name="NHL_Rule"/>
LacrosseEdit
In lacrosse, like other sports with goal scoring, hat tricks occur when a player scores three goals in one game. Fans rarely throw hats onto the playing surface to acknowledge them due to their frequent occurrences in a game. When a player scores six goals in one game, it is referred to as a sock trick<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>.
Motor racingEdit
In motor racing, three successive race wins, winning the same event three times in a row, or securing pole position, fastest lap and race victory in one event may all be referred to as a hat-trick.
Water poloEdit
In water polo, if a player scores thrice in a game, a hat-trick is scored.
See alsoEdit
Template:Commonscat Template:Sister project
- Hitting for the cycle
- Nap hand
- Trifecta
- Triple Crown (disambiguation)
- Turkey (bowling)
- Triple double
- Three-peat