Hennessy
Template:Short description Template:Hatnote group {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} Jas Hennessy & Cie., commonly known simply as Hennessy ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}), is a French producer of cognac, founded in 1765 by Richard Hennessy which has its headquarters in Cognac, France.
It is one of the best-known cognac houses,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> along with Martell, Courvoisier, and Rémy Martin, who together make around 45% of the world's cognac.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Hennessy sells approximately 102 million bottles of its cognacs per year,<ref name="lvmh.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> making it the world's largest cognac producer, and in 2017 its sales represented around 60% of the US cognac market.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As well as distilling cognac eaux-de-vie itself, the company also acts as a négociant.<ref name=":0" />
The brand is owned by Moët Hennessy since a champagne & cognac merger in the early seventies, which is in turn owned by LVMH (66%) and Diageo (34%), with Diageo acting as a controlling shareholder.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Hennessy pioneered several industry-standard practices in the world of cognac, and its association with luxury has made it a regular point of reference in popular culture, especially in hip hop.
HistoryEdit
The Hennessy cognac distillery was founded by Irish Jacobite military officer Richard Hennessy in 1765, who had served in the army of Louis XV.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="MHD | Moët Hennessy Diageo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Hennessy family's seat was Killavullen near Mallow, and was closely related in County Cork to the Nagle, Burke and Roche families. He retired to the Cognac region, and began distilling and exporting brandies, first to Britain and his native Ireland, closely followed by the United States.<ref name="MHD | Moët Hennessy Diageo"/> In 1813 Richard Hennessy's son James Hennessy gave the company its trading name, Jas Hennessy & Co.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was also responsible for choosing Jean Fillioux as the house's Master Blender. A member of the Fillioux family has occupied the role ever since, a business relationship that has lasted eight generations and more than 250 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hennessy became the world's leading exporter of brandy in the 1840s, a status it has never lost.<ref name=":0" /> By 1860, it represented one out of every four bottles of cognac sold internationally.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Hennessy also instituted several of the conventions now used across the cognac industry. It was one of the first marques to sell bottles rather than casks of cognac, a process that helped it survive the Great French Wine Blight in the mid-nineteenth century.<ref name=":0" /> It was also the first cognac house to use star ratings, and the gradings V.S.O.P. and XO, which are today used by most other cognac producers.
The V.S.O.P. designation was first applied in 1817, when the Prince Regent (later King George IV) of Britain asked Hennessy to create a "very superior old pale" cognac, a description that had previously been applied to sherries.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Maurice Hennessy, the grandson of Richard Hennessy, then introduced a star-based classification of cognac qualities in 1865 (a system simultaneously adopted by Hennessy's competitor Martell), which remained the industry standard of cognac age designation until the 1960s.<ref name=":0" /> Maurice Hennessy also created the XO ("extra old") designation in 1870, for cognacs which had undergone prolonged cask maturation.<ref name=":0" />
A branch of the Hennessy family moved from France to England in the early 1900s. It established itself in the Army and in English politics, eventually earning the title of Baron Windlesham. Although family ties are alive, the English branch is no longer involved in the cognac business.
In 1944 Kilian Hennessy, a fifth-generation direct descendant of Richard Hennessy, began assisting his cousin Maurice Hennessy in running the business.<ref name="irishtimes.com">Template:Cite news</ref> Kilian Hennessy had intended to be a banker, but instead went on to position Hennessy as an international brand, travelling to Ireland, the United States and Asia to promote the brand.<ref name="irishtimes.com"/> He first visited China in 1946, and the nation has since become the world's second-largest cognac market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1947, Hennessy's business relationship with Martell also came to a close, after the death of Maurice Firino-Martell.<ref name="Faith">Template:Cite book</ref>
Hennessy has also become a key part of major luxury conglomerates. In 1971 Kilian Hennessy spearheaded the company's merger with Moët et Chandon, to create Moët Hennessy which eventually went public and thrived financially.<ref name="afp">Template:Cite news</ref> Moët Hennessy then announced a merger with Louis Vuitton, which already owned champagne brands, in 1987,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> creating the world's largest luxury brand conglomerate, Louis Vuitton • Moët-Hennessy or LVMH.
In 1988, a management crisis led to the group's takeover by Bernard Arnault, owner of the haute couture house Christian Dior, with the support of the Guinness brewery group.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The so-called "LVMH affair" was so controversial in France that French President François Mitterrand referenced it in a televised address.<ref name=":1" />
Kilian Hennessy remained on the company's advisory board until his death in 2010 at the age of 103.<ref name="afp" /> An eighth generation representative of the Hennessy dynasty, Maurice-Richard Hennessy, acts as one of the brand's global ambassadors. He had originally trained as a farmer before entering the family business.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
From 2018 onward, Hennessy experienced production shortages caused in part by increased demand, bottle shortages, and frosts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MarketingEdit
Hennessy holds the largest collection of cognac eaux-de-vie in the world, with more than 470,000 casks in its cellars.<ref name="lvmh.com"/> Through a process of blending and maturation of varying lengths, it makes several distinct gradings of cognac. As well as its V.S and V.S.O.P. gradings, which make up the majority of its sales, Hennessy is known for expensive specialist cognacs, some of which are still blended by the Fillioux family.<ref name=":0" />
Limited editions of Hennessy can contain more than one hundred different eaux-de-vie, some of which can be centuries old; they are traditionally accompanied with luxurious trimmings such as custom-made boxes and hand-blown carafes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A bottle of Richard Hennessy, for example, is priced at around USD$7,000, and comes in a Baccarat crystal decanter with matching glasses, a fusil, and a tray, all designed by the architect Daniel Libeskind.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Since 2009, Hennessy has released a number of collectible editions to mark anniversaries, special occasions, or collaborations with artists, designers and organisations, such as the NBA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has collaborated with Zhang Enli, Les Twins, Refik Anadol, Kaws and Marc Newson among others.
Hennessy is also used as an ingredient in cocktails and mixed drinks, and is commonly served in nightclubs and bars.<ref name="Faith"/> The company has launched a number of new products aimed at this on-premises market, including Pure White, Hennessy Black<ref>"Introducing Hennessy Black", cocktailenthusiast.com, 2 June 2010; retrieved 16 March 2011.</ref> and Fine de Cognac, and promoted them accordingly.<ref>Hein, Kenneth. "Cognac is in the house", allbusiness.com, 22 September 2003; accessed 8 November 2014.</ref> The rapper Nas has acted as a brand ambassador for the brand.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
Hennessy has a substantial consumer base among African Americans, who drink the majority of the cognac consumed in the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Accordingly, the brand has also marketed itself with initiatives around black entrepreneurship and Black History Month.<ref name=":2" />
ProductsEdit
- Hennessy V.S
- Privilége V.S.O.P
- Hennessy X.O
- Hennessy X.X.O
- Hennessy Master Blender's selection
- Hennessy Paradis
- Richard Hennessy
- James Hennessy
- Hennessy Paradis Imperial
- Hennessy 8
- Hennessy Timeless
- Hennessy Ellipse
- Hennessy Black
- Hennessy Pure White (called Henny White in the US for legal reasons<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>)
- Hennessy Classivm
- Hennessy Fine de Cognac
Collectors' bottlesEdit
| Collector bottle | Year released | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hennessy VS "44" | 2009 | Honor of 44th president Barack Obama | |
| Hennessy VS "NUL" | 2010 | National Urban League | |
| Hennessy VS "BOA" | 2010 | Blending of Art (five different bottles with two designers per) | |
| Hennessy VS "KAWS" | 2011 | New York graffiti artist KAWS design | |
| Hennessy VS x Luminous | 2013 | Club Edition of bottle with luminous front label | |
| Hennessy VS x STEPHANE ASHPOOL | 2013 | Exclusively available in France, is entirely covered with a "chameleon" paint presenting a mixture of blue, yellow and green. | |
| Hennessy VS x Os Gemeos | 2013 | Brazilian artists Otavio and Gustavo Pandolf | |
| Hennessy VS x Shepard Fairey | 2014 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Shepard Fairey Deluxe Edition | 2014 | Gift set of two bottles with a booklet providing a behind-the-scenes look at the Hennessy and Shepard Fairey partnership, and three exclusive collectible stickers designed by the artist | |
| Hennessy VS x Scott Campbell | 2016 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Scott Campbell Deluxe Edition | 2016 | Gift set of two bottles with a booklet providing a behind-the-scenes look at the Hennessy and Scott Campbell partnership, in a wooden box | |
| Hennessy VS JonOne | 2017 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Vhils | 2018 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Felipe Pantone | 2019 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Julien Colombier | 2021 | ||
| Hennessy VS x Les Twins | 2021 | Two editions were released | |
| Hennessy VS x Nas | 2023 | 50th anniversary of hip hop | |
| VSOP | |||
| Hennessy VSOP Helios | 2011 | Gold Bottle (named after Greek god of sun) | |
| Hennessy VSOP "NyX" | 2011 | Platinum bottle (label glows under black light) | |
| Hennessy VSOP Kyrios | 2012 | Black bottle (3D label) | |
| Hennessy VSOP Depuis | 2013 | Red bottle | |
| Hennessy VSOP x John Maeda | 2017 | With glasses | |
| XO | |||
| Hennessy X.O x Marc Newson | 2017 | ||
| Hennessy XO Odyssey | 2007–11 | Released every year since 2007 (2011 bottle sits on rock formation) | |
| Other Editions | |||
| Hennessy Kenzo | 1997–99 | Fashion designer Kenzo (subsidiary of LVMH) | <ref group="n">Produced for the Australian, Hong Kong, Indonesian, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, and United States market. Around 18000 bottles were then produced, with the blue version launched in 1997 and the yellow one in 1999.</ref> |
| Hennessy Red Book | 2011 | Levandovka filling | |
| Hennessy X Futura | 2012 | New York graffiti artist Futura | |
| Hennessy Fine De Cognac and Tea | 2011 | Tea House Maison de Thé Théodor |
In popular cultureEdit
Hennessy has a long-standing relationship with African American culture, especially hip hop.<ref name="Mitenbuler">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has been described as "synonymous with rap music and African Americans, who are the brand's major consumers and advocates".<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While music, especially the 2004 2Pac song "Hennessy" has been credited with popularising the drink, some historians have pointed to a much older relationship, which began when African American servicemen encountered cognac in France during World War I and World War II.<ref name="Mitenbuler"/>
Hennessy has actively pursued this consumer group for decades. It targeted minority audiences as early as the 1950s, when it placed advertisements in African American magazines like Ebony and Jet, used African American models, and hired African American employees.<ref name=":3"/> By some estimates more than two thirds of Hennessy sold in the United States is consumed by African Americans.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is sometimes referred to as "Henny".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hennessy appears frequently in the lyrics of popular music, and by one estimate the words "Hennessy" or "cognac" are referenced in more than 1,000 songs.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Some notable examples include "KC Tea" (2010) by Tech N9ne,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Hennessey" (2004) by 2Pac,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Hennesey n Buddah" (2000) by Snoop Dogg,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Hennessy" (2021) by Kodoku,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Love Scars" (2017) by Trippie Redd,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "We Be Burnin'" (2005) by Sean Paul,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Boombayah" by K-pop group Blackpink,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Hennessy and Sailor Moon" (2016) by Yung Lean,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "The Humpty Dance" (1990) by Digital Underground,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Pass Me Da Green" by Master P (1997),<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Moodz" by Blackbear, "Red Bull & Hennessy" by Jenny Lewis,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "6 Inch" by Beyoncé,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Blame It" by Jamie Foxx,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Henny & Gingerale" by Mayer Hawthorne,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "N.Y. State of Mind" by Nas, "Heaven & Hennessey" by Nana, "Whistle" by D-Block Europe,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> "Better Now", "Pain" by 2Pac and "Rockstar (ft. 21 Savage)" by Post Malone.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The cognac is referenced in the chorus of the Drake single "One Dance" (2016),<ref>Template:Citation</ref> which reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Rap duo Mobb Deep also wear Hennessy jerseys in the music video for their 1995 hit single "Shook Ones (Part II)".<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
In a 2019 interview with the South China Morning Post, Maurice-Richard Hennessy said that “the word ‘Hennessy’ goes well in a song", and disclosed that he had met several rap artists, who he thought were "nice people". He told the paper that "they often come from poor backgrounds and ask me about recommendations, how to drink it, how it's made.”<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hennessy is the drink of choice for Blues musician Del Paxton in the movie That Thing You Do!<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Bond, rescued by a St. Bernard in Switzerland, curtly dismisses the dog and tells him to bring five star Hennessy.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
At the 2009 VMAs interruption, Kanye West was reportedly intoxicated after drinking Hennessy and other various alcoholic drinks before his infamous interruption of Taylor Swift.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hennessy Literary AwardsEdit
Hennessy sponsors the New Irish Writing competition in the Irish Independent, and the associated annual Hennessy Literary Award, that has launched such Irish writers as Joseph O'Connor, Dermot Bolger, Colm Ó Clúbhán, Patrick McCabe, Colum McCann, Frank McGuinness, Anne Enright, Hugo Hamilton, Dermot Healy and Neil Jordan.<ref>Vanessa O'Loughlin, "New Irish Writing" Template:Webarchive, Writing.ie; accessed 8 November 2014.</ref><ref>"Your chance to join the ranks of our best writers", independent.ie, 24 March 2012.</ref><ref>Template:Usurped, Writing4all.ie; accessed 8 November 2014.</ref>
Notable consumersEdit
Hennessy was the favourite drink of Kim Jong-il, former Supreme Leader of North Korea. Hennessy once reported that Kim spent over $700,000 a year on Paradis cognac.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
NotesEdit
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ReferencesEdit
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