Himeji
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Template:Nihongo is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. Template:As of, the city had an estimated population of 525,682 in 227,099 households and a population density of 980 persons per km2.<ref name="Himeji-hp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The total area of the city is Template:Convert.<ref name="Himeji-hp"/>
GeographyEdit
Himeji is located in the central western part of the Harima Plain in the western part of Hyogo Prefecture, and is the central city of the Harima region of the prefecture. The Ichikawa River is located in the central eastern part of the city, and the Senba River and Noda River are located in the center. The Ieshima Islands in the Seto Inland Sea are within the city limits and are located off the coast of Harima Bay. The city is surrounded by the mountains and the sea.
Neighbouring municipalitiesEdit
Hyōgo Prefecture
ClimateEdit
Himeji has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Summers are significantly wetter than winters. The average annual temperature in Himeji is Template:Convert. The average annual rainfall is Template:Cvt with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around Template:Convert, and lowest in January, at around Template:Convert.<ref name=normals/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Himeji was Template:Cvt on 31 August 2020; the coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Cvt on 24 January 1963.<ref name=extremes/>
DemographicsEdit
Per Japanese census data, the population of Himeji in 2020 is 530,495 people.<ref name=zensus/> Himeji has been conducting censuses since 1920. Template:Historical populations
HistoryEdit
Himeji has been the center of Harima Province since the Nara period, and was the location of the provincial capital and Harima Kokubun-ji. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Ikeda Terumasa received a fief at Harima Province and established the Himeji Domain. He expanded Himeji Castle and its castle town. Due to its location dominating the San'yōdō highway connecting the Kinai region with western Japan, Himeji was a major stronghold of the Tokugawa shogunate through the Bakumatsu period. Following the Meiji restoration, Himeji was the capital of "Himeji Prefecture" (later Shikama Prefecture) from 1871, which was merged into Hyōgo Prefecture in 1876. The city of Himeji was established on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system. After the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the Japanese government reportedly considered moving the nation's capital from Tokyo to Himeji. On April 1, 1996, Himeji attained Core city status, with increased local autonomy.
On March 27, 2006, the town of Yasutomi (from Shisō District), the town of Kōdera (from Kanzaki District), and the towns of Ieshima and Yumesaki (both from Shikama District) were merged into Himeji.
Air raidsEdit
During World War II, Himeji was a target for the United States' XXI Bomber Command as it was an important rail terminal and contained two large military zones. The first air raid occurred o June 22, 1945 at 0950, in which 60 B-29 Superfortress bombers centered on Andrea containing a Kawanishi Aircraft Company factory. The bombing killed 341 people and rendered 10,220 homeless. The second attack occurred on July 3, 1945, at 16:23, 107 aircraft dropped 767 tons of incendiary bombs on Himeji, destroying 63.3% of the built up areas of the city.<ref>21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 247, 250, Ocr</ref> However, the famous Himeji Castle, although blackened by smoke from the burning city, remained unscathed, even with one firebomb being dropped on it.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This attack killed 173 people, severely wounded 160, and resulted in the destruction of 10,300 buildings, rendering 45,182 people homeless.
GovernmentEdit
Himeji has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 46 members. Himeji contributes eight members to the Hyogo Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Hyōgo 11th and Hyōgo 12th districts of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Mayors of Himeji City (1889–present)Edit
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2
| # | Name ' | Time of office | Terms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kiyoshi Aridome (有留清) |
July 1889 | August 1898 | 9 years and 1 month |
| 2 | Shigeho Obata (小畑茂穂) |
November 1898 | July 1900 | 1 year and 8 months ' |
| 3 | Chikaharu Ohno (大野親温) |
November 1900 | February 1901 | 3 months |
| 4 | Taketomi Otsuka (大塚武臣) |
June 1901 | April 1909 | 7 years and 10 months |
| 5 | Otokichi Hori (堀音吉) |
June 1909 | June 1915 | 6 years |
| 6 | Masayuki Inoue (井上正進) |
November 1915 | November 1919 | 4 years |
| 7 | Yoshihara Sugiyama (杉山義治) |
April 1920 | April 1924 | 4 years |
| 8 | Nagahiko Shigeoka (滋岡長彦) |
September 1924 | February 1930 | 6 years |
| 9 | Fukuzo Sato (佐藤復三) |
August 1930 | August 1934 | 4 years |
| 10 | Toshinobu Tadera (田寺俊信) |
September 1934 | September 1938 | 4 years |
| # | Name | Time of office | Terms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hisashi Kurashige (蔵重久) |
May 1939 | June 1939 | 1 month |
| 12 | Kankichi Tsuboi (坪井勧吉) |
September 1939 | September 1943 | 4 years |
| 13 | Soubei Hara (原惣兵衛) |
October 1943 | April 1946 | 2 years and 6 months |
| 14 | Kokichi Miyagaki (宮垣幸吉) |
April 1946 | June 1946 | 2 months |
| 15 | Motohide Iwami (石見元秀) |
July 1946 | April 1967 | 20 years and 9 months |
| 16 | Toyonobu Yoshida (吉田豊信) |
April 1967 | April 1983 | 16 years |
| 17 | Matsuji Totani (戸谷松司) |
April 1983 | April 1995 | 12 years |
| 18 | Kazuhiro Horikawa (堀川和洋) |
April 1995 | April 2003 | 8 years |
| 19 | Toshikatsu Iwami (石見利勝) |
April 2003 | April 2019 | 16 years |
| 20 | Hideyasu Kiyomoto (清元秀泰) |
April 2019 | present | Current |
EconomyEdit
Himeji is located within the Hanshin Industrial Area and Harima Seaside Industrial Areas. The coastal region is heavily industrialized, with steel mills, chemical plants, semiconductor and automobile electronics predominating. In addition, Kansai Electric Power's Himeji No. 1 Power Station and Himeji No. 2 Power Station are located in the area. The northern two-thirds of the city is mainly agricultural and commercial fishing off the southern seacoast also plays a role in the economy. Traditional crafts include the production of butsudan (Buddhist altars), leather crafts, glue, matchmaking and candles.
EducationEdit
Colleges and universitiesEdit
- Himeji Dokkyo University
- Himeji Hinomoto College
- Himeji University
- Kenmei Women's Junior College (1951–2008)
- University of Hyogo - Himeji Institute of Technology
Primary and secondary schoolsEdit
Himeji has 66 public elementary schools, 32 public middle schools and three public high schools operated by the city government and 13 public high schools operated by the Hyōgo Prefectural Department of Education. There are also four private combined middle/high schools. There are also four special education school for the handicapped, one operated by the city and three by the prefecture.
A North Korean school, Template:Nihongo, can also be found in the city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}.</ref>
TransportationEdit
RailwayEdit
File:Shinkansen jrw.svg JR West – San'yō Shinkansen
File:JR logo (west).svg JR West – San'yō Main Line (JR Kobe Line)
.svg){kind=link}
- Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN --- Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN
File:JR logo (west).svg JR West – Bantan Line
- Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN
File:JR logo (west).svg JR West – Kishin Line
File:Sanyo electric railway logo-5.svg Sanyo Electric Railway - Main Line
- Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN
File:Sanyo electric railway logo-5.svg Sanyo Electric Railway - Aboshi Line
- Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN - Template:STN
HighwaysEdit
- File:JP Expressway E2.svg San'yō Expressway
- File:JP Expressway E2A.svg Chūgoku Expressway
- File:JP Expressway E95.svg Bantan Renraku Road
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
- Template:Jct
FerriesEdit
- Bozeki Kisen: Himeji Kazuma Port - Tanga Island - Boze Island
- Kosoku Ieshima: Himeji Kazuma Port - Iejima
- Shodoshima Ferry: Himeji Kazuma Port-Fukuda Port (Shōdoshima)
- Takafuku Liner: Himeji Kazuma Port - Iejima
International relationsEdit
Template:See also Himeji is twinned or has sister city relationships with six international cities and two Japanese cities, as well as a sister castle located in France. Himeji has a particularly strong relationship with Phoenix, Arizona, as teachers from America are able to teach English abroad for 1–2 years. Additionally, the Youth Ambassador Exchange Program allows for both Japanese and American high school students to experience the cultures and languages of their respective countries for 3 weeks.<ref name="sister">Sister Cities Template:Webarchive. City of Himeji. Retrieved August 24, 2008. Template:In lang</ref>
Sister citiesEdit
InternationalEdit
- Template:Flagicon Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Template:Flagicon Changwon, South Gyeongsang, South Korea
- Template:Flagicon Charleroi, Belgium
- Template:Flagicon Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Template:Flagicon Phoenix, Arizona, United States<ref name="Phoenix sisters">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
JapanEdit
- Template:Flagicon Matsumoto, in Nagano Prefecture
- Template:Flagicon Tottori, capital city in Tottori Prefecture
Sister castlesEdit
- Template:Flagicon Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, France
- Template:Flagicon Conwy Castle (Castell Conwy) in North Wales, since October 2019<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Local attractionsEdit
- Engyō-ji temple
- Harima Kokubun-ji ruins, National Historic Site
- Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. For over 400 years, Himeji Castle has remained intact, even throughout the extensive bombing of Himeji in World War II and natural disasters such as the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake and various typhoons.<ref name="sakurai">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="japantravelinfo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="japanatlas">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Himeji Central Park (a safari park)
- Himeji City Tegarayama Botanical Garden
- Koko-en Garden
- Mount Seppiko
- Okishio Castle - A castle ruin, Home castle of the Akamatsu clan.
- Engyoji05s4592.jpg
- Himeji Koukoen32n4592.jpg
- Tegarayama Central Park Himeji Hyogo pref Japan02bs5.jpg
Tegarayama Central Park
Notable people from HimejiEdit
- Template:Nihongo (1546–1604), famed strategist under Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Template:Nihongo (1899–1969), judoka
- Template:Nihongo (1986-), entertainer
- Template:Nihongo, visual kei rock band
- Template:Nihongo (1939–2020), fashion designer
- Template:Nihongo (1933–1985), the 4th kumicho of Yamaguchi-gumi, Japan's largest yakuza syndicate
- Template:Nihongo (1889–1960), philosopher and historian
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage
- Himeji City official website Template:In lang
- Official tourism website Template:In lang
- Template:Osmrelation-inline
{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Metropolitan cities of Japan Template:Most populous cities in Japan Template:Authority control