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Hussein Onn

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Hussein bin Onn (Template:Langx; 12 February 1922 – 29 May 1990) was a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1976 to 1981.

During his premiership, he established the National Unity Council (now Ministry of National Unity) to nurture patriotism and improve relations among Malaysia's various racial groups, grounded in the principles of the Rukun Negara. He focused on rectifying economic imbalances through strategic initiatives such as launched the National Unit Trust Scheme (ASNB), enabling the Malays adn Bumiputeras to acquire government-owned shares, thereby increasing their participation in the nation's economy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1976, he initiated PEMADAM, a national organization aimed at combating drug abuse. He also made Bahasa Malaysia as the medium of instruction in schools and a compulsory subject for the Malaysian Certificate of Education (MCE), reinforcing its role as a national lingua franca.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Early life, family and educationEdit

Hussein Onn was born on 12 February 1922 in Johor Bahru to Onn Jaafar (1895–1962) and Halimah Hussein (1900–1988). His father was a fighter for Malaysian independence and co-founder of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO).<ref name="pmo.gov">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Hussein's grandfather, Jaafar Haji Muhammad, was the first Menteri Besar of Johor while his grandmother, Rogayah Hanim, came from the Caucasus region of the Ottoman Empire. She was likely presented as a concubine (see Circassian beauties) by the Ottoman court to the Sultan of Johor.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Additionally, Hussein was the brother-in-law of Abdul Razak Hussein, his predecessor as prime minister, for whom Hussein wed Suhailah Noah, a daughter of first Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat Mohamed Noah Omar, in 1948. Abdul Razak was also concurrently married to another of Mohamed Noah's daughter, Rahah Noah.<ref name=malayinsider>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hussein received his early education at Telok Kurau Primary School, Singapore, and at the English College Johore Bahru. After leaving school, he joined the Johor Military Forces as a cadet in 1940 and was sent a year later to the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun, India. Upon completion of his training, he was absorbed into the Indian Army and served in the Middle East when the Second World War broke out.<ref name="pmo.gov"/> His vast experience prompted the British to employ him as an instructor at the Malayan Police Recruiting and Training Centre in Rawalpindi.<ref name="pmo.gov"/>

Early careerEdit

Hussein came back to Malaya in 1945 and was appointed Commandant of the Johor Bahru Police Depot. The following year, he joined the Malaya Civil Service as an assistant administrative officer in Segamat, Johor. He was later posted to the state of Selangor, becoming Klang and Kuala Selangor's district officer.

Political careerEdit

Hussein, who came from a family with a deep nationalistic spirit and political roots,<ref name="pmo.gov"/> resigned from the civil service to go into politics. In 1949, he became the first youth chief of UMNO, a party his father helped establish. In 1950, he was elected UMNO secretary general. Hussein, however, left UMNO in 1951 to join his father in forming the Independence of Malaya Party (IMP).<ref name="pmo.gov"/>

With IMP losing momentum, Hussein went to London to study law and was called to the Bar and admitted as a member of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, qualifying as a Barrister-at-Law. He came back as a certified lawyer and practised in Kuala Lumpur.<ref name="pmo.gov"/>

Hussein returned to politics by rejoining UMNO in 1968.<ref name="pmo.gov"/> He stood and won the general elections in 1969 and was appointed as the Education Minister. On 13 August 1973, he took over as Deputy Prime Minister.

Prime Minister (1976–1981)Edit

Template:Infobox administration On 15 January 1976, Hussein, who was the Deputy Prime Minister, was appointed as Prime Minister after the death of his predecessor, Abdul Razak.<ref>Tan, Chee Khoon & Vasil, Raj (ed., 1984). Without Fear or Favour, p. 38. Eastern Universities Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>

Hussein underwent a coronary bypass in early 1981. His deputy, Mahathir Mohamad become acting prime minister. On 17 July, the same year, Hussein retired from active politics and resigned from the office of prime minister due to health concerns.<ref name="pmo.gov"/> He was succeeded by Mahathir.

Personal lifeEdit

Hussein and Suhaila had six children, including their fourth child, Hishammuddin Hussein, who is a senior UMNO politician since the 1990s.<ref name=malayinsider/> Their eldest daughter, Datin Roquaiya Hanim (born 1950), died on 17 September 2006 from breast cancer.<ref name=malayinsider/>

DeathEdit

Hussein died on 29 May 1990 of heart disease at Seton Medical Center in San Mateo, California, at the age of 68.<ref name="pmo.gov"/> He was buried next to his predecessor, Abdul Razak, at Makam Pahlawan near Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

ControversyEdit

Hussein Onn era took the easy way out by putting opposition leaders into detention without trial, banning public rallies and controlling all the media.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Election resultsEdit

Parliament of Malaysia
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1969 P100 Johore Bahru Timor Template:Party shading/Alliance Party (Malaysia) | Hussein Onn (UMNO) 12,565 63.59% Template:Party shading/DAP | Lee Ah Meng (DAP) 7,193 36.41% 20,767 5,372 72.29%
1974 P109 Sri Gading Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Hussein Onn (UMNO) Unopposed
1978 Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Hussein Onn (UMNO) 19,761 89.06% Template:Party shading/PAS | Hassan Hussein (PAS) 2,427 10.94% 17,334

Awards and recognitionsEdit

Honours of MalaysiaEdit

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Places named after himEdit

Several places were named after him, including:

Notes and referencesEdit

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