Hypericin

Hypericin is a carbopolycyclic compound derived from bisanthene with antidepressant properties, found in various Hypericum species, and is being studied for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Opinions differ on the extent to which hypericin exhibits antidepressant effects. According to some scholars, hypericin, along with other active compounds in Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort), contributes to the antidepressant effects of the total plant extract.<ref>Butterweck, V., & Schmidt, M. (2007). St. John’s wort: Role of active compounds for its mechanism of action and efficacy. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 157(13-14), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0440-8</ref> According to others, hypericin does not significantly inhibit monoamine oxidase and thus is unlikely to account for the antidepressant effects of Hypericum extract.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> While another hypericin shows affinity mainly for NMDA receptors, suggesting that other plant constituents likely play a more significant role in its antidepressant effects.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Hypericin is a structurally complex phenanthroperylene quinone with potential medical and photoreceptive applications.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is red-colored, photosensitive compound whose biosynthesis is catalyzed by the gene Hyp-1, a Bet v 1-class allergen identified through red-color-based colony screening and shown to convert emodin to hypericin with high efficiency.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is thought to be synthesized by the PR-10 protein Hyp-1 through emodin dimerization, but despite confirming Hyp-1’s structure and ligand-binding capability, its catalytic role in hypericin biosynthesis remains unproven.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Biotechnological research is exploring in vitro culture methods to enhance and stabilize the production of hypericin.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>