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Illinois House of Representatives

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox legislature The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 representatives elected from individual legislative districts for two-year terms with no limits; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each representative represents approximately 108,734 people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The house has the power to pass bills and impeach Illinois officeholders. Lawmakers must be at least 21 years of age and a resident of the district in which they serve for at least two years.

President Abraham Lincoln began his career in politics in the Illinois House of Representatives.

HistoryEdit

The Illinois General Assembly was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The candidates for office split into political parties in the 1830s, initially as the Democratic and Whig parties, until the Whig candidates reorganized as Republicans in the 1850s.

Abraham Lincoln began his political career in the Illinois House of Representatives as a member of the Whig party in 1834.<ref>White Jr., Ronald C. (2009). A. Lincoln: A Biography. Random House, Inc. Template:ISBN, p. 59.</ref> He served there until 1842. Although Republicans held the majority of seats in the Illinois House after 1860, in the next election it returned to the Democrats.<ref name="diglib">VandeCreek, Drew E. Politics in Illinois and the Union During the Civil War Template:Webarchive (accessed May 28, 2013)</ref> The Democratic Party-led legislature worked to frame a new state constitution that was ultimately rejected by voters<ref name="diglib"/> After the 1862 election, the Democratic-led Illinois House of Representatives passed resolutions denouncing the federal government's conduct of the war and urging an immediate armistice and peace convention, leading the Republican governor to suspend the legislature for the first time in the state's history.<ref name="diglib"/> In 1864, Republicans swept the state legislature and at the time of Lincoln's assassination at Ford's Theater, Illinois stood as a solidly Republican state.<ref name="diglib"/>

State House of Representatives elected through Cumulative voting from 1870 to 1980. The use of that system was meant to secure a degree of representation for minority blacks and the non-dominant party through use of multi-member districts and special type of multiple voting.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

From 1870 to 1980, Illinois's lower house had several unique features:

  • The House had 177 members. The state was divided into 59 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives.
  • Elections for the state house were conducted using cumulative voting; each individual voter was given three votes to cast for House seats, and they could distribute them to three candidates (one vote each), one candidate (receiving three votes—this was called a bullet vote) or two candidates (each receiving 1½ votes).
  • Though not constitutionally mandated, the two parties had an informal agreement that they would only run two candidates per district. Thus, in most districts, only four candidates were running for three seats. This not only all but guaranteed that the district's minority party would win a seat (particularly outside Chicago), but usually assured that each party would have significant representation—a minimum of one-third of the seats (59 out of 177)—in the House. (The only historic exception to the minimum 59 seat rule was in 1875 and during WWI.)

Cutback Amendment of 1980Edit

The Cutback Amendment was proposed to abolish Illinois's use of Cumulative Voting and multi-member districts.

Since its passage in 1980, representatives have been elected from 118 single-member districts formed by dividing the 59 Senate districts in half, a method known as nesting. Each senator is "associated" with two representatives.

Since the adoption of the Cutback Amendment, there have been proposals by some major political figures in Illinois to bring back multi-member districts. A task force led by former governor Jim Edgar and former federal judge Abner Mikva issued a report in 2001 calling for the revival of cumulative voting,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in part because it appears that such a system increases the representation of racial minorities in elected office.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Chicago Tribune editorialized in 1995 that the multi-member districts elected with cumulative voting produced better legislators.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Others have argued that the now-abandoned system provided for greater stability in the lower house.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Democratic Party won a majority of House seats in 1982. Except for a brief two-year period of Republican control from 1995 to 1997, the Democrats have held the majority since then.

FirstsEdit

The first two African-American legislators in Illinois were John W. E. Thomas, first elected in 1876, and George French Ecton, elected in 1886.<ref>Joens, David A. From Slave to State Legislator: John WE Thomas, Illinois' First African American Lawmaker. SIU Press, 2012.</ref> In 1922, Lottie Holman O'Neill became the first woman elected to the Illinois House of Representatives (she was elected in the first election in which women could vote or run for election).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1958, Floy Clements became the first African American woman to serve as state Representative.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1982, Joseph Berrios became the first Hispanic American state representative.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Theresa Mah became the first Asian American to serve in the Illinois House when she was sworn into office January 10, 2017.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

PowersEdit

The Illinois House of Representatives meets at the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois. It is required to convene on the second Wednesday of January each year. Along with the Illinois Senate and governor, it is vested with the power to make laws, come up with a state budget, act on federal constitutional amendments, and propose constitutional amendments to the state constitution.<ref name="iv">Constitution of the State of Illinois, Article IV, The Legislature (accessed May 28, 2013)</ref> The Illinois House of Representatives also holds the power to impeach executive and judicial officials.<ref name="iv"/>

QualificationsEdit

A person must be a U.S. citizen and two-year resident of an electoral district of at least 21 years of age to serve in the Illinois House of Representatives.<ref name="iv"/> Members of the House cannot hold other public offices or receive appointments by the governor while in office.<ref name="iv"/>

Composition of the HouseEdit

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous legislature Template:Party shading/Democratic| 67 51 118 0
2019–2021 Template:Party shading/Democratic| 74 44 118 0
January 13, 2021 Template:Party shading/Democratic| 73 45 118 0
February 18, 2021<ref>Democrat and former Speaker Michael Madigan (District 22) resigned.</ref> Template:Party shading/Democratic| 72 117 1
February 21, 2021<ref>Democrat Edward Guerra Kodatt selected to succeed Madigan. [1]</ref> Template:Party shading/Democratic| 73 118 0
February 24, 2021<ref>Democrat Edward Guerra Kodatt (District 22) resigned. [2]</ref> Template:Party shading/Democratic| 72 117 1
End of previous legislature Template:Party shading/Democratic| 73 118 0
Current Template:Party shading/Democratic| 78 40 118 0
Latest voting share Template:Party shading/Democratic|Template:Percentage Template:Percentage

LeadershipEdit

The current Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives is Emanuel Chris Welch, a Democrat from Hillside, who represents the 7th district. The Democratic Party of Illinois currently holds a super-majority of seats in the House. Under the Constitution of Illinois, the office of minority leader is recognized for the purpose of making certain appointments. Tony McCombie, of Savanna, who represents the 89th district, currently holds that post. Both leaders appointed their leadership teams shortly after the start of the 103rd General Assembly.<ref>Template:Cite letter</ref><ref>Template:Cite letter</ref> Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2

MajorityEdit

Template:Col-2

MinorityEdit

Template:Col-end

OfficersEdit

  • Clerk of the House: John W. Hollman
  • Chief Doorkeeper: Lee A. Crawford
  • Parliamentarian: James Hartmann
  • Assistant Clerk of the House: Bradley S. Bolin

MembersEdit

Template:Needs update Template:As of, the 103rd General Assembly of the Illinois House of Representatives consists of the following members:<ref name="First Reading 12-22">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Egofske Bunting"/><ref name="Gill"/><ref name="du Buclet"/>

District Representative Party Start Residence
1 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Chicago
2 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 10, 2007 Cicero
3 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic November 15, 2019 Chicago
4 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic December 15, 2022 Chicago
5 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic May 15, 2023<ref name="du Buclet">Template:Cite news</ref> Chicago
6 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic October 20, 2015 Chicago
7 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Hillside
8 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 10, 2007 Chicago
9 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Chicago
10 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic May 1, 2019 Chicago
11 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 12, 2011 Chicago
12 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 2, 2021 Chicago
13 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Chicago
14 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 12, 2011 Chicago
15 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic November 23, 2021 Chicago
16 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Skokie
17 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic December 21, 2018 Glenview
18 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 19, 2010 Evanston
19 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic July 24, 2019 Chicago
20 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican June 29, 2019 Rosemont
21 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Justice
22 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic February 25, 2021 Chicago
23 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 10, 2020 Chicago
24 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2017 Chicago
25 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Chicago
26 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 18, 2019 Chicago
27 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 5, 2017 Chicago
28 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 8, 2003 Blue Island
29 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 12, 2011 Calumet City
30 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 8, 2003 Homewood
31 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 8, 1985 Chicago
32 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 8, 2021 Chicago
33 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 13, 2012 Chicago
34 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic February 4, 2018 Chicago
35 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic March 28, 2023<ref name="Gill">Template:Cite journal</ref> Chicago
36 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 8, 2025 Evergreen Park
37 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican April 13, 2024 Lockport
38 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Olympia Fields
39 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 14, 2015 Chicago
40 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic August 12, 2013 Chicago
41 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 13, 2021 Naperville
42 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Glen Ellyn
43 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic March 30, 2014 Elgin
44 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 10, 2007 Hoffman Estates
45 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Elmhurst
46 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic December 7, 2022 Villa Park
47 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Wheaton
48 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Hanover Park
49 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 13, 2021 Batavia
50 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic March 7, 2019 Aurora
51 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Inverness
52 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 13, 2021 Barrington Hills
53 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic June 5, 2024<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Arlington Heights
54 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Arlington Heights
55 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Des Plaines
56 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 12, 2011 Schaumburg
57 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2024<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Northbrook
58 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Deerfield
59 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Buffalo Grove
60 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic July 6, 2010 Waukegan
61 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Gurnee
62 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Grayslake
63 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Woodstock
64 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Lake Villa
65 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Geneva
66 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 13, 2021 Crystal Lake
67 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Rockford
68 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 13, 2021 Rockford
69 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 12, 2011 Rockford
70 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican July 5, 2018 DeKalb
71 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Woodhull
72 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 East Moline
73 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Peoria
74 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Dixon
75 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Newark
76 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Ottawa
77 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Melrose Park
78 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 27, 2010 Chicago
79 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican December 8, 2020 Bourbonnais
80 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic March 6, 2009 Chicago Heights
81 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2019 Downers Grove
82 Nicole La Ha Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican December 20, 2023<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Homer Glen
83 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Aurora
84 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Oswego
85 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 13, 2021 Bolingbrook
86 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic April 30, 2012 Elwood
87 Template:Sortname ƗƗ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 1, 2023 Morton
88 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Decatur
89 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Savanna
90 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Rockford
91 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Bloomington
92 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 14, 2009 Peoria
93 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Edwards
94 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican December 14, 2010 Macomb
95 Michael Coffey Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Springfield
96 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Decatur
97 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2023 Plainfield
98 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Joliet
99 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 14, 2015 Paloma
100 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican December 12, 2012 Jacksonville
101 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Charleston
102 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 13, 2021 Dieterich
103 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 14, 2015 Urbana
104 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican December 21, 2023<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Danville
105 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Eureka
106 Template:Sortname Ɨ Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican February 4, 2023<ref name="Egofske Bunting">Template:Cite journal</ref> Emington<ref name="Egofske Bunting"/>
107 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Shelbyville
108 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Morrisonville
109 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2013 Okawville
110 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Beecher City
111 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 13, 2021 Fosterburg
112 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 11, 2017 Edwardsville
113 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Democratic |Democratic January 9, 2013 Swansea
114 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2023 Millstadt
115 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 13, 2021 Red Bud
116 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 11, 2017 Benton
117 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 9, 2019 Metropolis
118 Template:Sortname Template:Party shading/Republican |Republican January 13, 2021 Pomona
  • Ɨ Legislator was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives during session.
  • ƗƗ Legislator was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives after being elected, but prior to inauguration day of the General Assembly to which they were elected.

Past composition of the House of RepresentativesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Illinois House of Representatives Template:United States legislatures Template:Authority control Template:Coord

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