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Cancer Research UK

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(Redirected from Imperial Cancer Research Fund)

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Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation.<ref name="merge">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom<ref name="EW charity|1089464"/> and Isle of Man, and was formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund.<ref name="Gaze2002" /> Cancer Research UK conducts research using both its own staff and grant-funded researchers. It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness and influencing public policy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>[1] Report on 2008/9 research activities Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>[2] Annual Review 2010/11 Template:Webarchive</ref>

The organisation's work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. Over 25,000 people are regular volunteers.<ref name="EW charity|1089464" />

HistoryEdit

The Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) was founded in 1902 as the Cancer Research Fund, changing its name to the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in 1904. It grew over the next twenty years to become one of the world's leading cancer research charities.<ref name="Austoker"/> Its executive committee was chaired by Sir William Church from its inception in 1902 until 1923.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its flagship laboratories formerly at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, and Clare Hall, Hertfordshire, and known as the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, are now part of the Francis Crick Institute.<ref name="merge"/>

The British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) was founded in 1923, and initially drew a hostile response from ICRF and the Medical Research Council, who considered it a rival.<ref name="Austoker">Austoker, Joan. A history of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 1902-1986. Oxford University Press, 1988.</ref><ref name="Wellcome">Cancer Research Campaign formerly British Empire Cancer Campaign Template:Webarchive, 1923-1981. Wellcome Library Archive. Retrieved 1 February 2011</ref> "The Campaign", as it was colloquially known, became a very successful and powerful grant-giving body. In 1970, the charity was renamed The Cancer Research Campaign (CRC).<ref name="Wellcome"/>

Incorporated on 20 November 2001,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the two organisations officially merged on 4 February 2002 to form Cancer Research UK, the largest independent cancer research organisation in the world (the largest, the National Cancer Institute, is funded by the US Government).<ref name="Guardian 2002">World's biggest cancer charity formed, The Guardian, 4 February 2002.</ref><ref name="pmid11875441">Template:Cite journal</ref> At the time of the merger, the ICRF had an annual income of £124m, while the CRC had an income of £101m.<ref name="Guardian 2002"/>

Based on article share during the period between January 2015 to August 2019, Nature listed Cancer Research UK in the top 150 of the Top 200 institutions in cancer research in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CRUK had an income of £718,793,138 and expenditure of £640,845,146 for the financial year ending in 31 March 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 30 April 2024, King Charles III was announced as patron of the charity.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ResearchEdit

File:Cmglee Cambridge Cancer Research.jpg
The Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute.

In the financial year 2014/15, the charity spent £422.67 million on cancer research projects (67% of its total income for that year). The bulk of the remaining costs were spent on trading and fundraising costs with a small amount spent on information services, campaigning, advocacy, administration and other activities or was held in reserve.<ref name="EW charity|1089464" />

Around 40% of its research expenditure (27% of its total spending) is on basic laboratory research into the molecular basis of cancer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The remainder supports research into over 100 specific cancer types, focusing on drug discovery and development; prevention, early detection and imaging; surgery and radiotherapy; and cancers where survival rates are still low, such as oesophageal, lung and pancreatic cancers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The charity funds the work of over 4,000 researchers, doctors and nurses throughout the UK, supports over 200 clinical trials and studies cancer and cancer risk in over a million people in the UK.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Research institutesEdit

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PartnershipsEdit

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Citizen-science projectsEdit

The charity participates in numerous citizen-science projects including:

  • Cell Slider – its first project set up in 2012. Samples of breast cancer tumours, taken from earlier studies, were analysed through a web-based application.
  • Play to Cure: Genes in Space – its first mobile game developed with Guerilla Tea, which originated as a prototype during a 48-hour game jam. Players plot routes to guide a spaceship in-game, which corresponds to analysis of genetic data.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Reverse the Odds – a mobile game based upon 'Play to Cure: Genes in Space' but with greater accuracy, involved completing puzzles and answering questions on lung and bladder cancer samples.
  • The Impossible Line – a mobile puzzle game spotting genetic faults in breast cancer data, provided evidence that the game aspect lowered accuracy.
  • Trailblazer – a web-based application looking at tissue samples identifying the presence or absence of cancer cells.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Research centresEdit

The charity funds networks in seven locations across the UK, to drive collaborations between universities, NHS hospitals, and other research organisations. Centre status is awarded to locations performing the highest quality cancer research, to provide funds for equipment and training.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Centre status has been designated to:

Achievements and impactEdit

Drugs developed by the organisation's scientists include:

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  • Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor drug discovered by CRUK scientists including Ruth Plummer at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research .<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Tamoxifen, a hormone therapy used to treat breast cancer and lower the risk of recurrence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Several of the organisation's scientists have won major prizes, including:

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Other charitable activitiesEdit

Information servicesEdit

Through Cancer Health UK, a website written in Plain English, it provides information on cancer and cancer care, and a unique clinical trials database.<ref name="Gaze2002">Template:Cite book</ref> A team of nurses provides a confidential telephone service, the Cancer Chat forum provides a place for users to talk to others affected by cancer, and mobile cancer awareness units deliver health information to locations of high cancer incidence and mortality. It provides statistical information via the Cancer Stats section. It also provides publications for the public to order and download.

Cancer Research UK publishes a twice-monthly professional medical journal, the British Journal of Cancer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Influencing public policyEdit

The charity worked to bring about the smoking ban in England and continues to campaign for further action on smoking.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The charity lobbies for better screening programmes and advises on access to new cancer medicines.

Sources of fundingEdit

File:BCPcrukBristolopening027x(1).jpg
A Cancer Research UK charity shop in Bristol.

Income sources include:

  • Individual donations, regular giving and philanthropy, raising £191 million in 2019/20.<ref name="annualreport2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Legacies from wills, raising £184 million in 2019/20.<ref name="annualreport2020"/>
  • Royalties and grants from licensing its intellectual property, such as for the drug abiraterone, generating £118 million in 2019/20.<ref name="annualreport2020"/>
  • Public participation fundraising events such as Race for Life, Stand Up to Cancer UK and a one off Race Against Cancer, raising £48 million in 2019/20.<ref name="annualreport2020"/>
  • Around 600 charity shops selling new and donated second-hand goods,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> generating £10 million profit in 2019/20.<ref name="annualreport2020"/>

On 18 July 2012, it was announced that Cancer Research UK was to receive its largest single donation of £10 million from an anonymous donor. The money went towards the £100 million funding for the Francis Crick Institute in London.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, CRUK closed its shops and cancelled mass participation fundraising events. They predicted that this, coupled with economic uncertainty affecting people's ability or willingness to donate, would lead to a 30% fall in income that year and a reduction in income lasting at least 3 years.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CriticismEdit

In June 2011, Cancer Research UK was one of several health charities (along with the British Heart Foundation, the Alzheimer's Society and Parkinson's UK) targeted by the animal rights organisation Animal Aid in a series of advertisements in British newspapers urging members of the public to stop giving donations to organisations that fund medical research involving animal experiments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2017, the Information Commissioner's Office fined eleven charities that breached the Data Protection Act by misusing donors’ personal data. Cancer Research UK was fined £16,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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