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Interstate 980 (I-980) is a short Template:Convert auxiliary Interstate Highway entirely within Oakland in Northern California, connecting I-580 and State Route 24 (SR 24) to I-880 near Downtown Oakland. I-980 passes the Oakland Convention Center and near the famous Jack London Square. I-980 is commonly considered the dividing line between Downtown Oakland and West Oakland. The freeway was planned as the eastern approach to the Southern Crossing. The segment between I-880 and 17th Street is officially known as the John B. Williams Freeway, after the former director of the city of Oakland's Office of Community Development.<ref>Template:CA Named Freeways</ref> In addition, I-980 and SR 24 in Oakland are both designated as part of the Grove-Shafter Freeway, after streets the route travels along (Grove Street was later renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Way).<ref>Template:CA Named Freeways</ref>
I-980 was used as an alternate route between Oakland and San Francisco when the Cypress Viaduct carrying I-880 collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Traffic headed from the south would have to use I-980 to I-580 west to I-80 west to get across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to reach San Francisco. This ended when I-880 reopened on a new alignment in 1997 (1998 to and from I-80 east).
Route descriptionEdit
Although I-980 physically goes north and south, it is signed as an east–west route like SR 24. Immediately after traffic leaves I-880 on elevated connector ramps, I-980 then descends below grade to pass under downtown city streets. The freeway then ascends above grade to pass over SR 123 (San Pablo Avenue) and 27th Street before reaching I-580 and SR 24.Template:Citation needed
The freeway itself lacks overhead guide signs mentioning I-980. Immediately after exit 1B (SR 123/17th Street) going eastbound on I-980 is a guide sign mentioning the junction with I-580. Likewise, the guide signs on westbound I-980 at exit 1D (18th Street) list I-880 and San Jose as a control city. Since 2018, Jackson Street and I-880 south have been signed as exits 1B and 1A in the westbound direction.Template:Citation needed
I-980 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System<ref name="cafes">Template:CAFESystem</ref> and is part of the National Highway System,<ref name=fhwa-nhs>Template:FHWA NHS map</ref> a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).<ref name=NHS-FHWA>Template:FHWA NHS</ref>
HistoryEdit
The route known as I-980 was originally added to the state highway system in 1947 as part of Legislative Route 226 (LRN 226)<ref>Template:Cite CAstat: "Route 226 is from a point in the vicinity of the intersection of Webster Street and Santa Clara Avenue in Alameda to a point on Route 5 [I-580] in Oakland."</ref> and to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959.<ref>Template:Cite CAstat: "Route 226 [SR 61, SR 260, and I-980] from Route 258 [SR 13] near San Leandro to Route 5 [I-580]."</ref> This segment of LRN 226 became part of SR 24 in the 1964 state highway renumbering.<ref>Template:Cite CAstat: "Route 24 is from: (a) Route 17 near Castro Street in Oakland to Route 580..."</ref>
Construction on a Highway 24 freeway connecting Downtown Oakland with the Caldecott Tunnel in the Oakland Hills began in the 1960s. It was also originally intended to serve the Southern Crossing and a regional shopping mall in Oakland, neither of which were ever built. While the freeway was completed from the tunnel to I-580 and 27th Street, construction of the segment extending it further west to the Nimitz Freeway (present-day I-880) resulted in community opposition due to about 503 homes in the freeway's path (and thus slated to be demolished or moved). In 1972, a federal lawsuit halted its construction until Caltrans agreed to build replacement housing. With city officials still pushing for the freeway's completion, a compromise was also reached to change the design from an elevated freeway to a depressed freeway, decreasing noise.<ref name="could"/>
To help complete the freeway with federal funding, the FHWA approved the addition of the segment to the Interstate Highway System in January 1976, with the Interstate money only used west of SR 123 (San Pablo Avenue).<ref>California Department of Transportation, State Highway Routes: Selected Information, 1994 with 1995 revisions</ref> The segment's number was legislatively changed from Route 24 to I-980 in 1981,<ref>Template:Cite CAstat: "Route 980 is from Route 17 in Oakland to Route 580."</ref> and it finally opened in 1985.<ref name="could"/>
FutureEdit
The San Francisco Chronicle reported in November 2015 about a grassroots organization of local architects and planners, supported by Oakland mayor Libby Schaaf, that propose to replace I-980 with a landscaped city boulevard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ConnectOakland is coordinating the push for a replacement. In January 2017, I-980 was included in Congress for the New Urbanism "Freeways without Futures" report.<ref name="mercurynews2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Caltrans and the city of Oakland received a $680,000 Reconnecting Communities planning grant, funded by the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, to study rebuilding or removing I-980.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> BART may use the corridor as an approach for a second Transbay Tube.<ref name="could">Template:Cite news</ref>
Arguments for replacement focus on the freeway's low volume of traffic and negative impact on surrounding neighborhoods. Concerns are however raised on whether the existing surface streets can handle the relocated traffic, and whether it may actually increase gentrification in the area.<ref name="mercurynews2017"/><ref name="could"/>
Exit listEdit
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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