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Islamic Consultative Assembly

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox legislature Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Template:Langx), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.Template:Cn

HistoryEdit

Islamic Republic of IranEdit

Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and effectively succeeded by the Guardian Council, maintaining the bicameral structure of the Iranian legislature.Template:Cn In the 1989 constitutional revision, the National Consultative Assembly was renamed the Islamic Consultative Assembly.Template:Cn

Since the Iranian Revolution, the Parliament of Iran has been led by six chairmen. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani served as the inaugural chairman from 1980 to 1989. Subsequently, Mehdi Karroubi held the position in two separate terms (1989–1992 and 2000–2004), followed by Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri (1992–2000), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (2004–2008), Ali Larijani (2008–2020), and, since 2020, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf.Template:Cn

Throughout its history, the Parliament's character has evolved from being a "debating chamber for notables" to a "club for the shah's placemen" during the Pahlavi era. In the era of the Islamic Republic, it has shifted to being a body primarily influenced by members of the "propertied middle class."<ref>Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p. 179</ref><ref>Islamic Majles, Ashnai-ye Ba Majles-e Showra-ye Islami, Vol.ii (Guide to the Islamic Majles, Tehran, 1992, p. 205</ref>

2017 attackEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 7 June 2017, there were shootings at the Iranian parliament and at the shrine of Ayatollah Khomeini.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Gunmen opened fire at the Iranian Parliament and the mausoleum of religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini in Tehran. The attack on the mausoleum reportedly left 17 persons dead and more than 30 people injured. The parliament was attacked by four gunmen which left seven to eight people injured. Both attacks took place around the same time and appear to have been coordinated.

FunctionsEdit

The Islamic Consultative Assembly holds the authority to legislate laws on all matters within the boundaries defined by the Constitution.<ref>Article 71 of the Constitution of Iran (1982-07-28), Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Template:Webarchive wipo.int (accessed 2017-02-25)</ref> Nevertheless, it is restricted from enacting laws that contradict the fundamental principles of the official religion of the nation (Islam) or the Constitution itself.<ref>Article 72 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

Government bills are submitted to the Islamic Consultative Assembly only after obtaining the approval of the Template:Nat.<ref>Article 74 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

The Islamic Consultative Assembly possesses the prerogative to investigate and scrutinize all matters concerning the country.<ref>Article 76 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

International treaties, protocols, contracts, and agreements necessitate approval from the Islamic Consultative Assembly.<ref>Article 77 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

Sanctioning and obtaining national or international loans or grants by the government requires ratification from the Islamic Consultative Assembly.<ref>Article 80 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

The President must secure a vote of confidence from the Assembly, through a Council of Ministers approval, upon forming the government and prior to conducting any other business.<ref>Article 87 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

In the event that at least one-fourth of the total members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly raise a question to the President, or if any Assembly member poses a question to a minister regarding their duties, the President or the minister is obligated to attend the Assembly and address the query.<ref>Article 88 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

All legislation endorsed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be submitted to the Guardian Council. Within a maximum of ten days from its receipt, the Guardian Council must review the legislation to ensure its compatibility with Islamic criteria and the Constitution. If any incompatibility is identified, the legislation is returned to the Assembly for further review. Otherwise, the legislation is deemed enforceable.<ref>Article 94 of the Constitution of Iran</ref>

The Mellat Polling Center is an affiliated institution of the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. It provides public opinion research to support evidence-based legislation and policymaking.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EligibilityEdit

People need to sign up online and upload their university degree document. Candidates need to be 30 at least and 75 years maximum, have a master's degree or equal Level 3 Islamic seminary, and be Iranian born.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MembershipEdit

File:Iran parliament composition by province en.svg
Composition of the parliament by province (excluding seats reserved for religious minority groups).

Template:Multiple image Currently, there are 290 members of Parliament, elected for a four-year term.Template:Cn There are five seats reserved for religious minorities (1.7% of the total members), with two for the Armenians and one each for the Assyrians, Jews and Zoroastrians.Template:Cn About 8% of the parliament are women, while the global average is 13%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The parliament can force the dismissal of cabinet ministers through no-confidence votes and can impeach the president for misconduct in office. Although the executive proposes most new laws, individual deputies of the parliament also may introduce legislation. Deputies also may propose amendments to bills being debated. The parliament also drafts legislation, ratifies international treaties, and approves the national budget.Template:Citation needed

All candidates running for election, and proposed legislation from the assembly must be approved by the Guardian Council. Candidates must pledge in writing that they are committed, in theory and in practice, to the Iranian constitution.Template:Citation needed

ConstituenciesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The parliament currently has 207 constituencies, including the five reserved seats for religious minorities. The remaining 202 constituencies are territorial, each covering one or more of Iran's 368 counties.

LeadershipEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Members of Parliament elect their speaker and deputy speakers during the first session of Parliament for a one-year term. Every year, almost always in May, elections for new speakers are held in which incumbents may be re-elected.

The current Speaker of Parliament is Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, with First Deputy Speaker Hamid-Reza Haji Babaee and Second Deputy Speaker Ali Nikzad.

Commissions/FractionsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Privileged commissions

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Expert commissions

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FractionsEdit

  • AI and Data governance<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HackEdit

Prior to the 1 March legislative election, on February 14, 2024, the Assembly servers were hacked, revealing monthly payments of 270 million tomans to members. The following day, the voting system was hacked, and journalists were barred from entering.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Current compositionEdit

Template:See also The last election of Parliament of Iran were held on 1 March 2024 and a second round was held on 10 May 2024 in those 22 districts where no candidate received 20% or more of the votes cast. More than 48,000 candidates registered,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but leaving about 15,000 candidates to run for the 290 seats representing the 31 provinces.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The final results showed that principlists won 233 of 290 seats in the assembly.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Term Composition
↓
3rd
Left Right
4th
Left Right
5th
Hezbollah Assembly Ind. Hezbollah
6th
2nd of Khordad Template:Abbr Minority
7th
Imam's Line Harmony Transform. Principlists
8th
Imam's Line Principlists Islamic Revolution
9th
Template:Abbr Followers of Wilayat Principlists
10th
Hope Wilayi Ind. Wilayi
11th
Template:Abbr Islamic Revolution
12th
Reformists Independent Principlists

Historical CompositionEdit

  • Parliament 1906.svg

    1st

  • Parliament 1909.svg

    2nd

  • Parliament 1914.svg

    3rd

  • Parliament 1921.svg

    4th

  • Parliament 1923.svg

    5th

  • Parliament 1926.svg

    6th

  • Parliament 1928.svg

    7th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    8th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    9th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    10th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    11th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    12th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    13th

  • Parliament 1943.svg

    14th

  • Parliament 1947.svg

    15th

  • Parliament 1950.svg

    16th

  • 1952 Iranian legislative election.svg

    17th

  • Parliament 1930.svg

    18th

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1956 election.svg

    19th

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1960 election.svg

    20th

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1963 election.svg

    21st

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1967 election.svg

    22nd

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1971 election.svg

    23rd

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1975 election.svg

    24th

  • 1980 Iranian legislative election.svg

    25th

  • National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 1984 election.svg

    26th

  • Parliament 1988.svg

    27th

  • Parliament 1992.svg

    28th

  • Parliament1 1996.svg

    29th

  • Parliament 2000.svg

    30th

  • Parliament1 2004.svg

    31st

  • Parliament1 2008.svg

    32nd

  • Parliament1 2012.svg

    33rd

  • Parliament 2016.svg

    34th

  • Parliament1 2020.svg

    35th

  • Parliament1 2024.svg

    36th

BuildingEdit

File:مجلس شورای اسلامی - panoramio (1).jpg
Exterior view of the parliament building

After 1979, the Parliament convened at the building that used to house the Senate of Iran. A new building for the Assembly was constructed at Baharestan Square in central Tehran, near the old Iranian Parliament building that had been used from 1906 to 1979. After several debates, the move was finally approved in 2004. The first session of the Parliament in the new building was held on 16 November 2004.

The old building is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 100 rial banknote.<ref>Central Bank of Iran Template:Webarchive. Banknotes & Coins: 100 Rials Template:Webarchive . – Retrieved on 24 March 2009.</ref>

GalleryEdit

  • Parliamenttehran.jpg

    The first building
    (1906–1979)

  • Kingdom of Iran 10000 Rials Banknote 1978 - Second Pahlavi King (reverse).png

    First building on the reverse of a 1970s 10000 Rial banknote

  • Palais du Senat iranien (1970).jpg

    The second building
    (1980–2004)

  • صد ریال - سری ششم جمهوری (پشت).jpg

    Second building on the reverse of the 100 Rial banknote (1985–2005)

  • نمای جبهه غربی مجلس.jpg

    The third building
    (2004–present)

See alsoEdit

Template:Portal Template:Div col

List of Iran's parliament representatives
Subordinate organizations

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ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist File:PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from the Constitution of Iran, which is in the public domain.

External linksEdit

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Videos

Template:Iranian Majlis Template:Iranian elections Template:Bicameral legislature of monarchical Iran Template:Asia topic Template:National unicameral legislatures Template:Electoral districts of Iran Template:Authority control Template:Coord

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