Jaguar AJ-V8 engine
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Refimprove Template:Infobox automobile engine
The Jaguar AJ-V8 is a compact DOHC V8 piston engine used in many Jaguar vehicles. It was the fourth new engine type in the history of the company. It was an in house design with work beginning before Ford's purchase of the company. In 1997 it replaced both designs previously available on Jaguar cars: the straight-6 Jaguar AJ6 engine (or rather its AJ16 variant), and the Jaguar V12 engine. It remained the only engine type available on Jaguar until 1999 with the launch of the S-Type, when the Jaguar AJ-V6 engine was added to the list. The AJ-V8 is available in displacements ranging from 3.2L to 5.0L, and a supercharged version is also produced. Ford Motor Company also used this engine in other cars, including the Lincoln LS and the 2002–2005 Ford Thunderbird, as well as in several Land Rovers, and the Aston Martin V8 Vantage.
The AJ-V8 was designed to use Nikasil-coated cylinders rather than the more-common iron cylinder liners. However, like the BMW M60, high-sulphur fuel reacted with the Nikasil coating and caused engine failures. Jaguar replaced affected engines, and has used conventional cast-iron linings ever since.
The engine originally used a two-state Variable Valve Timing system to switch the intake cam timing by 30°. Newer variants use a more sophisticated system which can vary intake timing incrementally up to 48°. The Lincoln version was made in the United States.
Other engine features include fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a special one-piece cast camshaft, and reinforced plastic intake manifold.
The AJ-V8 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2000.
Ford ceased production of the AJ-V8 engine in September 2020 when it closed the Bridgend Plant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, in August 2020 JLR was able to take over production means for the AJ-V8.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ManufactureEdit
The AJ8 engine was manufactured in a dedicated Jaguar facility located within the Ford Bridgend Engine Plant in Bridgend, South Wales. The Jaguar "plant-within-a-plant" saved considerable investment costs by Jaguar. It was staffed by workers dedicated to Jaguar engine production and included a linked flow-line of computer numerically controlled machines with automated loading and assembly. Component supply was on a "just-in-time" basis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Jaguar Land Rover has subsequently produced the AJ supercharged petrol V8 Jaguar Land Rover engines in a state-of-the-art Engine Manufacturing Centre in Wolverhampton.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
4.0 L Template:AnchorEdit
The Template:Cvt AJ26 engine was introduced in 1996. The number "26" comes from 12+6+8 (cylinders), because when the first ideas were sketched, a family of 6-, 8- and 12-cylinder engines was contemplated, although only the 8-cylinder version was produced. It has a square Template:Cvt bore and stroke. It was updated in 1998 as the AJ27 with continuously variable valve timing. The AJ-V8 was updated again in 2000 as the AJ28. The naturally aspirated version produces Template:Cvt in the 2000–2002 XK8.
Vehicles using this engine:
- AJ26
- 1997–1998 Jaguar XJ8
- 1997–1998 Jaguar XK8
- 1997–1998 Daimler V8
- AJ27
- 1999–2003 Jaguar XJ8
- 1999–2003 Jaguar XK8
- 1999–2003 Daimler V8
- AJ28
- 2000–2002 Jaguar S-Type Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt
Supercharged Template:AnchorEdit
The supercharged version of the AJ26 is used in the high-performance R versions of Jaguar's cars. The engine was updated with AJ27 specifications for 2000. It produces Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt with the help of an Eaton supercharger (modified Roots-blower). The supercharged engine did not use variable cam timing as the normal benefits of improved volumetric efficiency are not noticeable on a boosted engine.
Vehicles using the supercharged version include:
- AJ26S
- 1998–1999 Jaguar XJR
- 1998–1999 Jaguar XKR
- 1998–1999 Daimler Super V8
- AJ27S
- 2000–2003 Jaguar XJR
- 2000–2003 Jaguar XKR
- 2000–2003 Daimler Super V8
3.2 LEdit
The 3.2 litre variant was the second to be introduced. It reduces the stroke to Template:Cvt and power falls to Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt. This variant was not available in the North American market.
Vehicles using this engine:
- 1997–2003 Jaguar XJ8
3.5 LEdit
The Template:Cvt engine, marketed as a "3.5", was only used in the XJ series. The stroke was Template:Cvt. Output was Template:Cvt at 6,250 rpm and Template:Cvt at 4,200 rpm.
Vehicles using this engine:
- 2002–2007 Jaguar XJ8 3.5, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
3.9 L Template:AnchorEdit
The Template:Cvt AJ30/AJ35 variant is a unique displacement used only by Ford and Lincoln and is built in Ford's Lima, OH engine plant. Bore and stroke is Template:Cvt. The AJ35 version introduced for the 2003 model year added variable valve timing of the intake camshafts and electronic throttle control. While the block, crankshaft, pistons, and connecting rods are all unique to this displacement, many other parts are shared with the AJ-V8 engines produced in the UK by Jaguar.
Vehicles using this engine:
- 2000–2002 Lincoln LS, Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
- 2002 Ford Thunderbird, Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
- 2003–2006 Lincoln LS, Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
- 2003–2005 Ford Thunderbird, Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
- Ford Forty-Nine concept
The last AJ35 was produced in March 2006 after only 3 years. Total run of AJ30/35 was nearly 250,000 units
4.2 L Template:AnchorEdit
The Template:Cvt, AJ33 and AJ34 versions retain the Template:Cvt bore with Template:Cvt stroke. It was introduced in 2002 as the AJ33 and produces Template:Cvt at 6,000 rpm with Template:Cvt of torque at 4,100 rpm, later increased to Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt.
Vehicles using this engine:
- 2003–2006 Jaguar XK-series Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt
- 2006–2008 Jaguar XK-series Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt
- 2002–2008 Jaguar S-Type 4.2, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2004–2009 Jaguar XJ8, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2008–2010 Jaguar XF, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
Supercharged Template:AnchorEdit
The AJ33S is a supercharged/intercooled variant of the AJ33. It was introduced in 2002 to replace the 4.0 SC and produces Template:Cvt at 6,100 rpm with Template:Cvt of torque at 3,500 rpm. The engine was later updated to AJ34S specification to include Variable Valve Timing as well as other minor updates.
Vehicles using this engine:
- 2004–2009 Jaguar XJR/Super V8, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2003–2006 Jaguar XKR, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2006–2008 Jaguar XKR, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2003–2008 Jaguar S-Type R, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2005–2009 Daimler Super Eight
- 2008–2010 Jaguar XF, Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
Land Rover also offered a supercharged version of the 4.2 L as that company's high-performance engine. Land Rover's version is not the same as the Jaguar's version but it was adapted from it.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Applications:
- 2006–2009 Land Rover Range Rover Sport Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
- 2006–2009 Land Rover Range Rover Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt
4.4 LEdit
The Template:Cvt AJ41 version features an Template:Cvt bore and stroke. This engine replaced the BMW M62 engine used in 2003-2005 Range Rover models.
Applications:
- 2005–2009 Land Rover Discovery 3 / LR3 - Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt
- 2006–2009 Land Rover Range Rover Sport - Template:Cvt at 5,500 rpm, Template:Cvt at 4,000 rpm
- 2006–2009 Land Rover Range Rover - Template:Cvt at 5,750 rpm, Template:Cvt at 4,000 rpm
Template:Anchor Aston Martin 4.3/4.7Edit
Aston Martin hand-assembles a special version of the AJ-V8 for the 2005 V8 Vantage known as AM05 – or while it was under development as AJ37. This unit displaced Template:Cvt and produces Template:Cvt at 7,000 rpm and Template:Cvt at 5,000 rpm. This engine is unique to Aston Martin and features race-style dry-sump lubrication, which enables it to be mounted low to lower the centre of gravity. The firing order is the same as the other AJ-V8 engines although the cylinder numbering is different (AJ37 = 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 vs. AJ26 = 1-2-7-3-4-5-6-8). The engine is assembled by hand at the AM facility in Cologne, Germany, which also builds the V12 for the DB9 and Vanquish. The cylinder block, cylinder heads, crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, camshafts, inlet and exhaust manifolds, lubrication system and engine management are all unique to the Aston Martin version.
In May 2008, Aston Martin released a new design that used pressed cylinder liners instead of cast-in liners. This allowed for thinner liners, and a higher capacity of Template:Cvt for the V8 Vantage. Called the AM14, power output increased to Template:Cvt (an 11% increase on the previous 4.3-litre unit) and peak torque to Template:Cvt (a 15% increase). The Aston Martin V8 Vantage S features the same 4.7-litre V8 engine found in the base Vantage, but with improved intake airflow, new mufflers, and new programming that keeps the exhaust system's bypass valves open longer. The engine in the V8 Vantage S now develops Template:Cvt at 7,300 rpm and torque of Template:Cvt at 5,000 rpm representing an increase of Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt respectively. This engine is also used in the bespoke Aston Martin DB10 concept car for the 2015 James Bond film Spectre.
4.3, bore and stroke Template:Cvt
4.7, bore and stroke Template:Cvt
Applications:
- 2005–2017 Aston Martin V8 Vantage
- 2014–2015 Aston Martin DB10 (Concept car)
- 2018 Aston Martin Cygnet
AJ-V8 Gen III 5.0Edit
An all new direct injection 5.0 L engine family was introduced in 2009, for the 2010 model year.<ref name="Gen III">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The AJ133 is a 90° V8 engine available in either supercharged or naturally aspirated form, with a bore & stroke of Template:Cvt and a compression ratio of 9.5:1 for the supercharged version and 11.5:1 for the naturally aspirated one respectively.
The main structural components of the engine are all manufactured from aluminium alloy. The engine is built around a very stiff, lightweight, enclosed V, deep skirt cylinder block, with an open-deck design. A structural windage tray is bolted to the bottom of the cylinder block to further improve the block stiffness, minimize NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) and help reduce oil foaming. To further enhance the stiffness of the lower engine structure, a heavily ribbed sump body is installed. The sump body also helps to reduce engine noise.
A spheroidal graphite cast-iron crankshaft is utilized with high-strength cast pistons and fracture-split forged steel connecting rods manufactured from 36 Mn VS4 steel.<ref name="TT">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The engine uses a Bosch high pressure direct injection fuel system with fuel pressure provided by two, cam driven high pressure pumps which are driven by a dedicated camshaft. The high pressure pumps supply the fuel rails which in turn supply the four injectors for that bank with fuel at a controlled pressure.
The four camshafts incorporate VCT (variable camshaft timing). VCT allows the timing of the intake and exhaust valves to be adjusted independently of each other.
The naturally aspirated engine features cam profile switching and variable tract length inlet manifold.
Supercharged engines make use of a sixth-generation 1.9L TVS (Twin Vortices Series) supercharger, which is located in the 'vee' of the engine and is driven from the crankshaft by a dedicated secondary drive belt.
Denso's Generation 1.6 Engine Management System was used on earlier models, later switching to Bosch's MED17 engine management 2013+ (except for the XKR and XKR-S).
The direct fuel injection system, advanced piston and combustion chamber design and the supercharger provide improved fuel consumption and emissions, as these engines meet EU5 emission regulations in Europe and Rest of World (ROW) and ULEV 70 emission regulations in North American Specification (NAS) markets.
The naturally aspirated engine was replaced by the AJ126 supercharged V6 engine starting for the 2013 model year. It has since been replaced by the all-new Ingenium turbocharged inline-6 engine.
As of December 2024, Jaguar has discontinued most of its internal combustion engine (ICE) models, including those featuring the AJ133S, as part of its transition to an all-electric lineup by 2025. The 2024 Land Rover Defender V8 is the final vehicle to use the AJ133S engine. For the 2025.5 model year, it was joined in Defender by BMW’s 4.4L N63 twin-turbo V8 in the Octa derivative, (NC11 had already been introduced in the 2022 Range Rover and 2023 Range Rover Sport).
AJ133Edit
Land Rover version is called 'LR-V8 Petrol engine'.
| Years | Model | Power output | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–2015 | Jaguar XF | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2010–2015 | Jaguar XJ | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2009–2014 | Jaguar XK | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2009–2015 | Land Rover Discovery 4 / LR4 | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2010–2015 | Land Rover Range Rover Sport | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2010–2014 | Land Rover Range Rover | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2018-2020 | Land Rover Defender Works V8 | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
AJ133SEdit
The AJ133S is the supercharged variant of the AJ133, featuring an Eaton TVS1900R supercharger. It incorporates twin water-to-air intercoolers and a front-mount heat exchanger, with a shared cooling circuit. Differences over the naturally aspirated engine include; flat-top pistons for a lower compression ratio (9.5:1 vs 11.5:1), piston-oil spray jets, and different intake camshafts without cam-profile switching capabilities.
All AJ133S engines utilize the same supercharger pulley setup, capable of producing approximately 15PSI of boost. Differences in ECU calibrations determine the final power output.
The Bowler Nemesis and David Brown Speedback Silverstone Edition also use a variant of this engine producing Template:Cvt. Template:Hidden end
Model year changesEdit
Over its production span, the AJ133/S underwent several modifications to enhance performance, reliability, and compliance with evolving emission standards. Key changes by model year include:
2010:
- Equipped with 10.5mm cylinder head bolts.
- Utilized a Tsubaki timing chain with a 6.35mm pitch (except for X351 XJ and Land Rover models, which used an 8mm pitch chain from INA).
- Featured Denso engine management.
- Employed a vacuum-actuated supercharger bypass valve.
- Supercharged variants had aluminum coolant crossover pipes.
2011:
- All AJ133 variants transitioned to an INA timing chain with an 8mm pitch for MY2012 vehicles.
- Introduced redesigned timing chain guides and tensioners.
- Switched to plastic coolant crossover pipes for supercharged models.
2013 (excluding XKR & XKR-S):
- Upgraded to 11mm cylinder head bolts.
- Adopted Bosch MED17 engine management.
- Implemented an electric supercharger bypass valve.
- Added an eco-start-stop starter motor.
- Updated air box assemblies, mass air flow (MAF) sensors, and throttle body.
2014:
- Further redesigned timing chain guides, incorporating an added steel button for MY2015 vehicles.
- Introduced new timing chain tensioners.
2021 (specific to F-Pace SVR & F-Type P450/P575):
- Removed the mechanical vacuum pump, replacing it with a blanking plate.
2024:
- Updated the coolant crossover pipes to aluminum in MY24 Defender and Jaguar F-Pace SVR vehicles. LR186859 & LR186917.
These updates aimed to address known issues and improve the engine’s overall performance and durability. For instance, the timing chain and tensioner revisions were implemented to enhance reliability. Additionally, the shift to Bosch engine management systems facilitated better integration with modern vehicle electronics and emission control systems.
V6Edit
AJ126Template:AnchorEdit
The AJ126 V6 uses a AJ133 V8 engine block with the rear two cylinder bores blanked, and reduced bore sizes on the remaining six cylinders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While the engine block is the same size as the V8, the cylinder heads are shortened versions of the V8 heads. It is made on the same production line as the AJ133.
The AJ126 is a Template:Cvt 90° petrol V6, having a bore and stroke of Template:Cvt with a 10.5:1 compression ratio. It is supercharged and liquid cooled featuring direct fuel injection, four overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. There are two versions differing in power produced, a standard version making Template:Cvt at 6,500 rpm and Template:Cvt between 3,500-5,000 rpm and a high-performance variant making Template:Cvt at 6,500 rpm and Template:Cvt between 3,500-5,000 rpm. A special Jaguar F-Type 400 Sport model made Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt.
The AJ126 engine is equipped with an Eaton TVS Roots-type supercharger. Specifically a 1.3L Eaton TVS R1320, mounted in the engine’s “vee” and is known for its compact design, efficiency, and ability to deliver smooth, immediate power.
Jaguar has since replaced the AJ-126 with an all new Ingenium turbocharged inline-6 engine.
| Years | Model | Power output | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013–2024 | Jaguar F-Type V6 / V6 S / R-Dynamic | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2018 | Jaguar F-Type 400 Sport | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2013–2019 | Jaguar XJ Portfolio | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2013–2015 | Jaguar XF Portfolio | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2016–2020 | Jaguar XF 35t | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2016–2020 | Jaguar XF Sportbrake S | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2015–2019 | Jaguar XE 35t | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2015–2019 | Jaguar XE S | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2014-2019 | Range Rover (L405) | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2014-2019 | Range Rover Sport (L494) | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2014-2016 | Land Rover Discovery 4 / LR4 (L319) | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2017-2020 | Land Rover Discovery Si6 (L462) | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2016-2020 | Jaguar F-Pace 35t | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2016-2020 | Jaguar F-Pace S | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2018-2020 | Range Rover Velar P340 | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
| 2018-2020 | Range Rover Velar P380 | Template:Cvt | Template:Cvt |
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Jaguar vehicles timeline (modern)