James Rolph

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Life and careerEdit

File:JamesRolphJr.jpg

Rolph during his tenure as Mayor of San Francisco

File:StateLibQld 1 133249 Annie M. Rolphe (ship).jpg

Annie M. Rolph at dock

Rolph was born in San Francisco, the son of Margaret (née Nicol) and James Rolph.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He had four brothers, including Thomas Rolph, and two sisters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After attending school in the Mission District, he went to work as an office boy in a commission house. He married Annie Marshall Reid (1872–1956) and had at least one son: James Rolph III (1904–1980).

Rolph entered the shipping business in 1900, by forming a partnership with George Hind. Over the next decade, he served as president of two banks, one of which he helped establish. Although he was asked to run for mayor in 1909, he chose to wait until 1911 to run for mayor—a position that he would hold for nineteen years. As mayor, he was known as "Sunny Jim", and his theme song was "There Are Smiles That Make You Happy". In 1915 he appeared as himself in an early documentary film titled Mabel and Fatty Viewing the World's Fair at San Francisco, which starred Fatty Arbuckle and Mabel Normand and was directed by Arbuckle. In 1924, Rolph appeared as himself in a Slim Summerville comedy short film, Hello, 'Frisco.

Rolph knew of the power in San Francisco of the Roman Catholic Church. Italians, Irish, French and Germans made up the majority of the population of the city. He established a deep friendship with Archbishop Edward Joseph Hanna.

In addition to his mayoral duties and overseeing his shipping interests, he directed the Ship Owners and Merchants Tugboat Company and the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. He also was vice-president of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition and president of the Merchants' Exchange. He resigned in 1931 to assume the office of governor of California.

Rolph received considerable criticism for publicly praising the citizens of San Jose following the November 1933 lynching of the confessed kidnapper-murderers of Brooke Hart, a local department store heir, while promising to pardon anyone involved, thereby earning the nickname "Governor Lynch."<ref name="Dreams">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp Four days before the lynching he had announced he would not call on the National Guard to prevent the lynching, which was already being discussed locally.<ref name="Dreams" />Template:Rp

After violence erupted during the San Joaquin cotton strike in October 1933, Governor Rolph appointed a fact-finding committee to investigate the deaths of several strikers. When the committee met in Visalia on October 19, 1933, Caroline Decker, a labor activist who had taken part in other California agricultural actions, took testimony from the strikers who testified about the growers' assaults on striking workers.

DeathEdit

After suffering several heart attacks, Rolph died in Santa Clara County on June 2, 1934, aged 64, three years into his term. He was the second California governor to die in office, the first being Washington Bartlett in 1887. Rolph is buried at Greenlawn Memorial Park in Colma, California.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was succeeded as governor by Lieutenant Governor Frank Merriam.

LegacyEdit

On September 7, 1934, the California Toll Bridge Authority passed a resolution "that...the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge be dedicated as a lasting memorial to the memory of James Rolph Jr."<ref>"Rolph Bridge! Span Named for Governor," San Francisco Examiner, September 8, 1934, p. 6., Newspapers.com. The headline is a misnomer. The article quotes the full resolution, which never mentions naming in any way.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Notes on p. 126 that the Bay Bridge is "unofficially dedicated to James R. Rolph."</ref>

A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the University of Illinois at Chicago ranked Rolph as the twenty-third-best American big-city mayor to have served between the years 1820 and 1993.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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James Rolph

Contents

Life and careerEdit

DeathEdit

LegacyEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit