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Janata Dal

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox political party

Janata Dal (Template:Lit) was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan), and the Jan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.<ref name="Chander2004">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

HistoryEdit

V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, together and formed the National Front with N. T. Rama Rao as President and V. P. Singh as convenor. The front also included outside support from the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party and the left-wing Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India and Communist Party of India (Marxist). They defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> His government fell after Lalu Prasad Yadav got Advani arrested in Samastipur and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra, which was going to Ayodhya on the site of the Babri Masjid on 23 October 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. V. P. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 1991 Indian general election the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in Lok Sabha.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Janata Dal-led United Front formed the government after the 1996 Indian general election with the outside support of the Indian National Congress. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such as Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ascent to powerEdit

File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg
V. P. Singh

It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as the Bofors scandal, caused Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) to lose the elections. The National Front coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party. V. P. Singh was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by Chandra Shekhar under Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, Chandra Shekhar, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty Lok Sabha members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

File:I k gujral.jpg
I. K. Gujral

Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led United Front coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under Sitaram Kesri, choosing H. D. Deve Gowda as their prime minister. The Congress withdrew their support in less than a year, after the H. D. Deve Gowda Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and I. K. Gujral became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the Bharatiya Janata Party in General Elections.Template:Fact

List of prime ministers & chief ministers of IndiaEdit

Prime ministersEdit

No. Image Prime ministers Year Duration Constituency
1 File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1989 Template:Endash 1990 343 days Fatehpur
2 File:Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg H. D. Deve Gowda 1996 Template:Endash 1997 324 days Template:N/a (Rajya Sabha MP) from Karnataka
3 File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg Inder Kumar Gujral 1997 Template:Endash 1998 332 days Template:N/a (Rajya Sabha MP) from Bihar

Chief ministersEdit

No. Portrait Chief Ministers State Year Duration
1
File:Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav , addressing at the National Development Council, New Delhi on December 9, 2006 (cropped).jpg
 Mulayam Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh
2 Chimanbhai Patel Gujarat
File:Lalu Prasad Yadav addressing the EEC - 2006 (cropped).jpg
 Lalu Prasad Yadav Bihar
File:Biju Patnaik 2018 stamp of India.jpg
 Biju Patnaik Odisha
File:The former Prime Minister, Shri H.D. Deve Gowda calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on June 03, 2015 (cropped 2).jpg
 H. D. Deve Gowda Karnataka
J. H. Patel Karnataka
File:Devi Lal.jpg
 Devi Lal Haryana
File:Om Prakash Chautala.jpg
 Om Prakash Chautala Haryana
File:Banarsi Das Gupta.jpeg
 Banarsi Das Gupta Haryana
Hukum Singh Haryana

Electoral recordsEdit

Electoral Performance
Year Seats won Votes
1989 Indian general election 143 Template:Increase 143 53,518,521 Template:Increase 53,518,521
1991 Indian general election 59 Template:Decrease 84 32,628,400 Template:Decrease 2,08,90,121
1996 Indian general election 46 Template:Decrease 13 27,070,340 Template:Decrease 55,58,060
1998 Indian general election 6 Template:Decrease 40 11,930,209 Template:Decrease 1,51,40,131
Party Disintegrated

Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of IndiaEdit

No. Portrait Vice President Year Duration
1 File:Krishan Kant 2005 stamp of India.jpg Krishan Kant 21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002 4 years, 340 days
No. Portrait Deputy Prime Minister Year Duration
1 File:Chaudhary Devi Lal 2001 stamp of India.jpg Devi Lal 10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991 242 Days

Party presidents & deputy chief ministersEdit

No. Portrait Presidents Year Duration
1
File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg
 Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1989-1997 days
2
File:Sharadyadavjdu.jpg
 Sharad Yadav 1997-1999 days
No. Portrait Deputy Chief Minister State Year Duration
1 Banarsi Das Gupta Haryana
2 Hukam Singh Haryana
J. H. Patel Karnataka
K. Siddaramaiah Karnataka

National unitsEdit

File:Thakur ji pathak is in public rally in bihar patna.jpg
Thakur Ji Pathak

Thakur Ji Pathak (1989 – 1994)- National General Secretary <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

State unitsEdit

Uttar pradeshEdit

Anantram Jaiswal (1983)

KarnatakaEdit

PresidentsEdit

B. Rachaiah (1989)<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Siddaramaiah (Feb 1999)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

C. Byre Gowda (July 1999)<ref name=":1" />

General SecretaryEdit

Jeevaraj Alva (1989-1990)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=":0" />

C. Narayanaswamy (1999)<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tamil NaduEdit

PresidentEdit

Sivaji Ganesan (1989-1993)

Janata Dal factionsEdit

Party Name Led By Formed Remarks
Pro-NDA parties
Rashtriya Lok Dal Chaudhary Jayant Singh 1996 State Party in Uttar Pradesh
Janata Dal (Secular) H. D. Deve Gowda 1999 State Party in Karnataka
Janata Dal (United) Nitish Kumar 2003 Merger of Janata Dal (United) led by Sharad Yadav and Samata Party led by Nitish Kumar<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

State Party in Bihar & Manipur
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) Jitan Ram Manjhi 2015 Split from Janata Dal (United) State party in Bihar
Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) Chirag Paswan 2021 Factioned from Lok Janshakti Party State Party in Bihar & Nagaland
Rashtriya Lok Morcha Upendra Kushwaha 2023 Split from Janata Dal (United) Unrecognised Party
Pro-I.N.D.I.A. parties
Samajwadi Party Akhilesh Yadav 1992 State Party in Uttar Pradesh and recognised in Maharashtra
Rashtriya Janata Dal Lalu Prasad Yadav 1997 State Party in Bihar and Jharkhand
Non-NDA/I.N.D.I.A. parties
Biju Janata Dal Naveen Patnaik 1997 State Party in Odisha
Indian National Lok Dal Om Prakash Chautala 1996 Unrecognised Party
Jannayak Janta Party Ajay Singh Chautala 2018 Split from Indian National Lok Dal Recognised

Party

Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party Pashupati Kumar Paras 2021 Factioned from Lok Janshakti Party Recognised Party

Defunct partiesEdit

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Leaders of Janata Dal Template:Janata Parivar parties

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