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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} James Holley Douglas (born June 21, 1951) is an American politician from the state of Vermont. A Republican, he served as the 80th governor of Vermont from 2003 to 2011. On August 27, 2009, Douglas announced that he would not seek re-election for a fifth term in 2010. He left the office in January 2011.

On January 6, 2011, Douglas became an executive in residence at Middlebury College<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> where he taught a 24 student course titled Vermont Government and Politics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Douglas is the interim director of the Vermont Historical Society.<ref>Former Gov. Douglas interim director of historical society, WCAX, Jul. 29, 2015 [1] Template:Webarchive</ref>

Douglas currently serves on the Governors' Council of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.

Early careerEdit

Douglas was born in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1968, he graduated from East Longmeadow High School in the town of East Longmeadow, Massachusetts. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont, where he had been active in the College Republicans, eventually becoming chairman.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At Middlebury College, Douglas was a Russian studies major. Vermont maintained a sister-state relationship with the Republic of Karelia, Russia until it was broken by Governor Phil Scott in March 2022 as protest against the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. While influenced by Douglas, this relationship was started in 1991 under the governorship of Madeleine Kunin.<ref>Executive Order No. 100–91 ("Vermont-Karelia Sister-State Relationship") (January 7, 1991). The text of this Executive Order is available on leg.state.vt.us Template:Webarchive.</ref>

In November 1972, Douglas was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives, where he became the House Majority Leader during his third two-year term at the age of 25. He left the Vermont General Assembly in 1979, afterwards serving as a top aide to Governor Richard A. Snelling. Douglas was elected Secretary of State in November 1980, a post which he held until 1992. That year he sought election to the U.S. Senate, but was defeated by Democratic incumbent Patrick Leahy.

Vermont State TreasurerEdit

During his tenure as Vermont State Treasurer, Democrat Paul W. Ruse Jr. was criticized for being too friendly with financial services firms that had an interest in matters handled by the state treasurer, including accepting campaign contributions from them, and appearing in an advertisement for one.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Because of the controversy, in 1994 Ruse decided not to run for reelection.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This decision was not widely known; Ruse stated that he withheld his decision not to run so that Ed Flanagan, the incumbent Vermont State Auditor, would not run for treasurer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Flanagan and Ruse had been involved in a behind the scenes dispute over details of an auditor's report about the treasurer's office; Flanagan disclaimed any interest in the treasurer's post.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As a result of Ruse's decision not to run again, only Douglas had filed as a major party candidate for treasurer; in the absence of a Democratic candidate, Douglas won the Democratic nomination by write-in vote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the general election, Douglas faced only token opposition, and received over 91% of the votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ruse's deputy had retired in October 1994.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After Douglas won the treasurer's election, Ruse offered him the deputy's position so that Douglas would have an opportunity to learn the workings of the treasurer's office.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Douglas accepted, and served as deputy state treasurer from November 1994 until beginning his term as treasurer in January 1995.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Douglas was reelected in 1996, 1998 and 2000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Governor of VermontEdit

File:DouglasEEOC.jpg
Douglas and EEOC Chair Cari Dominguez sign a resolution aimed at enhancing employment opportunities in state government for people with disabilities.

In the 2002 gubernatorial election to succeed five-term Governor Howard Dean, Douglas achieved a plurality over Democratic Lieutenant Governor Doug Racine, 45 to 42%. The Vermont constitution requires that the legislature select the governor if no candidate receives over 50%. The Vermont General Assembly almost always chooses the candidate who won a plurality, and Racine did not contest the results. In January 2003, the legislature selected Douglas by a vote of 159 to 16. Douglas won reelection to a second 2-year term in 2004, defeating Democrat Peter Clavelle, 59 to 38%.

In early 2005, Douglas announced that he would not run against Democratic-leaning independent Jim Jeffords in the 2006 Senate race. In April 2005, Jeffords announced that he would not seek re-election, which led to speculation that Douglas would throw his hat into the ring against Vermont independent Congressman Bernie Sanders, who had announced his candidacy for the seat. On April 30, Douglas announced again that he would not seek Jeffords' seat, and simultaneously announced that he would run for re-election for governor in 2006. Many pundits believed that Douglas was the only Republican who could possibly defeat Sanders, and his decision to run for governor effectively handed the open Senate seat to Sanders. Douglas was re-elected governor with 57% of the vote over Democrat Scudder Parker.

On May 22, 2007, Governor Douglas signed a landmark civil rights bill banning discrimination on the basis of gender identity by employers, financial institutions, housing, public accommodations, and other contexts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After the Vermont Human Rights Commission recommended that Governor Douglas veto a similar bill in 2006,<ref>Gov. Douglas vetoes gender discrimination bill, Times Argus, May 18, 2006 [2] Template:Webarchive</ref> Douglas worked with legislators to craft a new bill in 2007. This bill passed both chambers of the legislature with overwhelming bipartisan support.<ref>Acts and Resolves of the 2007–2008 session of the Vermont General Assembly, Act 41 (S.51). The text of this act is available on leg.state.vt.us Template:Webarchive</ref> Douglas decided to stand for re-election in 2008 and ran unopposed in the Republican primary on September 9, 2008. His principal challengers in the general election were Independent/Progressive Anthony Pollina, and Democrat Gaye Symington. Douglas won a fourth term with nearly 54% of the vote. Although that was his lowest percentage since his initial narrow victory over Doug Racine, he bested his closest challenge, Pollina, by 32%.

Douglas became the first governor to meet with President Barack Obama in the White House on February 2, 2009.<ref>"Douglas Meets with President Obama," WCAX Template:Webarchive</ref> He also served as Chairman of the National Governors Association from 2009 to 2010. On April 6, 2009, Douglas vetoed a bill allowing marriage for same-sex couples in Vermont. Democrats in the Vermont House and Senate overrode the veto with a supermajority the next day, marking the first time Douglas had been overridden during his tenure.<ref>Vermont Legislature Legalizes Gay Marriage, WMUR Template:Webarchive</ref> On June 2, 2009, Democrats in the Vermont House and Senate voted to override Douglas's veto of the Vermont state budget.<ref>"Vermont House, Senate Override Douglas Veto," WPTZ (June 2, 2009) Template:Webarchive</ref>

On August 27, 2009, Douglas announced that he would not seek re-election in 2010.<ref>"Douglas Will Not Seek Re-Election," WCAX (August 27, 2009) Template:Webarchive</ref> In early 2010, Douglas became the first American political leader to be appointed to the National Order of Quebec ("L'Ordre National du Quebec" in French), receiving the insignia of an Officer of the order from Premier Jean Charest at a ceremony at the National Assembly of Quebec. He was recognized for strengthening Vermont's historical bonds with Quebec and making improved relations with the province a priority of his governorship.<ref>Communiques.gov.qc.ca Template:Webarchive "Ordre national du Québec – The Premier honours the Governor of the State of Vermont" (March 11, 2010)</ref> On June 17, 2010, his approval rating stood at 65%.<ref>Rasmussenreports.com Template:Webarchive Rasmussen Reports "Toplines 2010 Vermont Governor" (June 17, 2010)</ref>

Cabinet and administrationEdit

The Douglas Cabinet
OFFICE NAME TERM
Governor Jim Douglas 2003–2011
Lt. Governor Brian Dubie 2003–2011
Secretary of Administration Michael K. Smith
Charles Plympton Smith
Michael K. Smith
Neale F. Lunderville
2003–2005
2005–2006
2006–2008
2008–2011
Secretary of Commerce & Community Development Kevin Dorn 2003–2011
Secretary of Natural Resources Elizabeth "Wibs" McLain
Thomas Torti
George Crombie
Jonathan Wood
2003–2005
2005–2007
2007–2008
2008–2011
Secretary of Agriculture Steve Kerr
Roger Allbee
2003–2006
2006–2011
Secretary of Human Services Charles Plympton Smith
Michael K. Smith
Cynthia LaWare
Robert Hofmann
2003–2005
2005–2006
2006–2008
2008–2011
Secretary of Transportation Patricia MacDonald
Dawn Terrill
Neale F. Lunderville
David K. Dill
2003–2004
2004–2006
2006–2008
2008–2011
Commissioner of Labor Michael Bertrand
Patricia MacDonald
Patricia Moulton Powden
2003–2004
2004–2007
2007–2010
Commissioner of Public Service David O'Brien 2003–2011
Commissioner of Public Safety Kerry Sleeper
Thomas Tremblay
2003–2007
2007–2011
Commissioner of Banking, Insurance, Securities and Health Care Administration John Crowley
Paulette Thabault
Michael Bertrand
2003–2006
2006–2010
2010–2011
Chief Recovery Officer Tom Evslin 2009–2010

Post-gubernatorial careerEdit

Douglas was succeeded as Governor by Democrat Peter Shumlin.

After leaving office Douglas became an Executive in Residence at Middlebury College and authored a memoir, which was published in late 2012.<ref>John Flowers Template:Webarchive, Gov. Douglas pens autobiography, Addison Independent, May 24, 2012</ref> On July 29, 2015, Douglas was named the interim director of the Vermont Historical Society.<ref>Former Gov. Douglas interim director of historical society, WCAX, Jul. 29, 2015 [3] Template:Webarchive</ref>

Electoral historyEdit

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NotesEdit

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External linksEdit

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