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Jin (Korean state)

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Distinguish Template:More citations needed Template:Stack begin {{#invoke:Infobox|infoboxTemplate |templatestyles = Template:Infobox country/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:Jin state진국
辰國 

    | {{#if:Jin state

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Jin state
       }}{{#if:진국
辰國

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              }}{{#ifeq:|yes
              |Micronation
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| subheader = {{#if: | {{{life_span}}} | {{#if:4th century BCE|4th century BCE{{#if:2nd century BCE|–2nd century BCE }} }} }}

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 |Template:Infobox country/imagetable }}

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|Motto: Template:If empty{{#if:|

{{{englishmotto}}}

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       |Anthem: Template:If empty
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       |Anthems: {{{anthems}}}
       }}{{#if:
       |
Royal anthem: {{{royal_anthem}}}
       }}{{#if:
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Flag anthem: {{{flag_anthem}}}
       }}{{#if:
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National march: {{{national_march}}}
       }}{{#if:
       |
Territorial anthem: {{{territorial_anthem}}}
       }}{{#if:
       |
Regional anthem: {{{regional_anthem}}}
       }}{{#if:
       |
State anthem: {{{state_anthem}}}
       }}{{#if:
       |
March: {{{march}}}
       }}

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    |{{#if:
              | Template:If empty
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| data4 = {{#if:History_of_Korea-108_BC.png

|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=History_of_Korea-108_BC.png|size=200px|upright=1.15|alt=|title=Korea in 108 BCE }}{{#if:Korea in 108 BCE|

Korea in 108 BCE

}} }}

| data5 = {{#if:

|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|upright=1.15|alt=|title=Location of Jin }}{{#if:|

}} }}

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| label7 = Location | data7 =

| label8 = {{#if: | {{{capital_type}}} | Capital }}{{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:|capital 

                        |capital|{{#switch:Not specified
                          | [[]] = capital
                          |  = capital
                          | not capital

}}}}|capital |

and largest city
             }}

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{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }}

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 |capital | =
 |''Not specified'' =
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{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }} }}

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              | Template:If empty
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 |Template:If empty
 }}

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 |Template:If empty
 }}

| data18 =

| label19 = Ethnic groups {{#if: |

({{{ethnic_groups_year}}})

|

}}

| data19 =

| label20 = Religion {{#if: |

({{{religion_year}}})

|

}}

| data20 = Shamanism

| label21 = Demonym(s) | data21 = {{#if: 

 |{{#ifexist: people
    | [[people|]]
    | 
   }}
 }}

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| label23 = Template:If empty | data23 =

| label24 = {{#if:Tribal confederacy 

    | {{#if:
              | [[{{{politics_link}}}|{{#ifeq:|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]| {{#ifexist:Politics of Jin
                 | {{#ifeq:|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}| {{#ifeq:|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}}}}}}}

| data24 = Tribal confederacy

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       | {{#if:
          | Leaders          
          | Government 
         }} 
       }} }}

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| label41 =

• {{#if:|{{{type_house1}}}|Upper house}}

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| label42 =

• {{#if:|{{{type_house2}}}|Lower house}}

| data42 =

| rowclass43 = {{#if: |mergedtoprow}} | header43 = {{#if: 

  |{{#if:

| {{{sovereignty_type}}}{{#if: | 

{{{sovereignty_note}}}

}} 

     | {{#if:| | Establishment }}
 }} }}

| label44 = Establishment | data44 = {{#if: 

     |
     |
     }}

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 | {{#if:
              | [[{{{area_link}}}|Area {{#ifeq:|yes|claimed|}}]]
              | {{#ifexist:Geography of Jin
                 | Area {{#ifeq:|yes|claimed|}}
                 | Area {{#ifeq:|yes|claimed|}}}}}} }}

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• Total

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 |{{#if:
    |Template:Convinfobox
    |{{#if:
       |Template:Convinfobox
     }}
  }}{{#if: | ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|]]) }}
 }}

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| label62 =

• Land

| data62 = {{#if: 

 |{{#if:
    |Template:Convinfobox
    |{{#if:
       |Template:Convinfobox
     }}
  }}
 }}

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| label63 =

• Water

| data63 = {{#if: 

 |{{#if:
    |Template:Convinfobox
    |{{#if:
       |Template:Convinfobox
     }}
  }}
 }}

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| label64 =

• Water (%)

| data64 =

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| label65 =

• 

| data65 = {{#if:| }}

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• 

| data66 = {{#if:| }}

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| label72 =

• {{{FR_metropole}}}

| data72 = {{#if:| }}

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| label73 =

• IGN

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 |{{#if:
    |Template:Convinfobox{{#if:| ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|]])}}
  }}
}}

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| label89 =

• Cadastre

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 |{{#if:
    | Template:Convinfobox{{#if:| ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|]])}}
  }}
}}

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    |{{#if:
              | {{#ifeq:{{{population_link}}}|no|Population|[[{{{population_link}}}|Population]]}}| {{#ifexist:Demographics of Jin
                 | Population| Population}}}} }}

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• {{#if: |{{{population_estimate_year}}} estimate|Estimate}}

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       |{{{population_estimate}}}{{#if: | ({{{population_estimate_rank}}})}}
       }}

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| label92=

• 

| data92= {{#if:|}}

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| label93=

• 

| data93= {{#if:|}}

| rowclass94= mergedrow | data94= {{#if:|Template:Infobox country/multirow }}


| rowclass95= mergedrow

| label95=

• {{#if: |{{{population_census_year}}} census|Census}}

| data95= {{#if: 

 |{{{population_census}}}{{#if: | ({{{population_census_rank}}})}}
 }}

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| label97=

• Total

| data97= {{#if:|{{#if: 

|{{{FR_total_population_estimate}}}{{#if:| ({{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank}}})}}
 }} }}

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• {{{FR_metropole}}}

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| ({{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank}}})}}
}}

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| label99=

• Density

| data99= {{#if: 

    | Template:Convinfobox{{#if: | ({{{population_density_rank}}})}}
    }}

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| rowclass101= mergedtoprow | label101= {{#ifeq:|yes|Claimed|}} GDP Template:Nobold | data101= {{#if: 

    |{{#if: | }}estimate
    }}

| rowclass102= mergedrow

| label102=

• Total

| data102= {{#if: 

    |{{#if: | ({{{GDP_PPP_rank}}})}}
    }}

| rowclass103= mergedbottomrow

| label103=

• Per capita

| data103= {{#if: 

    |{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}}{{#if: | ({{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}})}}
    }}

| rowclass104= mergedtoprow | label104= {{#ifeq:|yes|Claimed|}} GDP Template:Nobold | data104= {{#if: 

  |{{#if: |{{{GDP_nominal_year}}} }}estimate
  }}

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| label105=

• Total

| data105= {{#if: 

    |{{{GDP_nominal}}}{{#if: | ({{{GDP_nominal_rank}}})}}
    }}

| rowclass106= mergedbottomrow

| label106=

• Per capita

| data106= {{#if: 

       | {{{GDP_nominal_per_capita}}}{{#if: | ({{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank}}})}}
      }}

| label107= Gini{{#if: | Template:Nobold}} | data107= {{#if: 

    | {{#switch:
             |increase = Template:IncreaseNegative |decrease = Template:DecreasePositive |steady = Template:Steady }}{{{Gini}}}
Template:Nowrap{{#if:
              | ({{{Gini_rank}}})}}}}

| label108= HDI{{#if: | Template:Nobold}} | data108= {{#if: 

    | {{#switch:
             |increase = Template:Increase |decrease = Template:Decrease |steady = Template:Steady }}
Template:Nowrap{{#if:
             | ({{{HDI_rank}}})}}}}

| label109= {{#ifeq:|yes|Purported currency|Currency}} | data109= {{#if: 

    |  {{#if: |({{{currency_code}}})}}
  }}

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    |Template:Nowrap {{#if:|({{{time_zone}}})}}
    |
    }}

| rowclass120= {{#if: |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}}

| label120=

• Summer (DST)

| data120= {{#if: 

    |Template:Nowrap {{#if:|({{{time_zone_DST}}})|{{#if:|({{{DST}}})}}}}
    |{{#if:|{{{time_zone_DST}}}|}}
    }}

| rowclass121= mergedbottomrow | label121= | data121=

| label122 = Antipodes | data122=

| label123 = Date format | data123=


| label126= {{#if: 

   |{{#ifexist:Telephone numbers in Jin
              | Calling code
              | Calling code
             }}
  }}

| data126=

| label127= ISO 3166 code | data127= {{#switch: 

    |omit = 
    | = {{#if:Jin
             | {{#if:Template:ISO 3166 code
                | [[ISO 3166-2:Template:ISO 3166 code|Template:ISO 3166 code]]
               }}
            }}
    |#default = [[ISO 3166-2:{{{ISO3166CODE}}}|{{{ISO3166CODE}}}]]
   }}

| label128= Internet TLD | data128=

| data129 = {{#if:

|

Website
{{{official_website}}}
    }}

| data130= {{#if:

| {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|upright=1.15|alt=|title=Location of Jin }}{{#if:|

}} 

 }}

| data134 = {{#if:Mahan confederacy 

             |Template:Infobox country/formernext

}}

| label135 = Today part of | data135 = South Korea
North Korea

| data136 = {{#if:

|

    {{#if:|
  1. }}{{#if:|
  2. }}{{#if:|
  3. }}{{#if:|
  4. }}{{#if:|
  5. }}{{#if:|
  6. }}{{#if:|
  7. }}{{#if:|
  8. }}

}}

| data137 = {{#if:

|

    {{#if:|
  1. }}{{#if:|
  2. }}{{#if:|
  3. }}{{#if:|
  4. }}{{#if:|
  5. }}{{#if:|
  6. }}{{#if:|
  7. }}{{#if:|
  8. }}

}} | data138 = {{#if:|

{{#if:|
{{{footnotes2}}}}}

}}

| belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:| Template:Navbar }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox country with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | regexp1 = border_[ps][%d]+ | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | regexp2 = date_event[%d]+ | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | regexp3 = deputy[%d]+ | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | regexp4 = established_date[%d]+ | regexp5 = established_event[%d]+ | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | regexp6 = event[%d]+ | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | regexp7 = flag_[ps][%d]+ | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | regexp8 = footnote_[a-h] | regexp9 = footnote[%d]+ | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | regexp10 = image_[ps][%d]+ | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | regexp11 = leader_name[%d]+ | regexp12 = leader_title[%d]+ | regexp13 = leader[%d]+ | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | regexp14 = [ps][%d]+ | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | regexp15 = ref_area[%d]+ | regexp16 = ref_pop[%d]+ | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | regexp17 = representative[%d]+ | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | regexp18 = stat_area[%d]+ | regexp19 = stat_pop[%d]+ | regexp20 = stat_year[%d]+ | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | regexp21 = year_deputy[%d]+ | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | regexp22 = year_leader[%d]+ | regexp23 = year_representative[%d]+ | year_start}}Template:Main other{{#if:|{{#ifeq:|Colony|Template:Main other|{{#ifeq:|Exile|Template:Main other}}}} }} Template:Infobox Korean name {{#invoke:Sidebar|collapsible | name = History of Korea | bodyclass = vcard plainlist | listtitlestyle = background: #eee | title = Template:Region history sidebar title | list1title = Prehistoric period | list1 = Template:Aligned table | list2title = Ancient period | list2 = Template:Aligned table | list3title = Proto–Three Kingdoms period | list3 = Template:Flatlist

| list4title = Three Kingdoms period | list4 = Template:Aligned table | list5title = Northern and Southern period | list5 = Template:Aligned table | list6title = Later Three Kingdoms period | list6 = Template:Aligned table | list7title = Dynastic period | list7 = Template:Aligned table | list8title = Colonial period | list8 = Template:Aligned table | list9title = Modern period | list9 = Template:Aligned table | list10title = By topic | list10 = Template:Flatlist | content11style = padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid; | content11 = Timeline | belowstyle = border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; | below = {{#invoke:portal-inline|main|Korea|size=tiny}} }} Template:Stack end The state of Jin ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) was a confederacy of statelets which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula from the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean Kingdom of Gojoseon to the north. Its capital was somewhere south of the Han River. It preceded the Samhan confederacies, each of which claimed to be the successor of the Jin state.<ref name="Corea">Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 〈Korean History in Maps〉, 2014, pp.18-20</ref>

NameEdit

"Jin" is the Revised Romanization of Korean {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, originally written {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Korean Chinese characters (hanja). This character's Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as Template:Nowrap<ref>Baxter-Sagart.</ref> and originally referred to the 5th earthly branch of the Chinese and Korean zodiacs, a division of the orbit of Jupiter identified with the dragon. This was associated with a bearing of 120° (between ESE and SE) but also with the two-hour period between 7 and 9 am, leading it to be associated with dawn and the direction east.

A variant romanization is Chin.

HistoryEdit

The degree of the organization of Jin as a formal political state is unclear. It seems likely that it was a federation of small states much like the subsequent Samhan.Template:Citation needed For the state to be able to contend with its contemporary Wiman Joseon and send embassies to the court of the Western Han dynasty, there was probably some level of stable central authority. Korean historian Ki-baek Lee (1984, p. 24) also suggests that the kingdom's attempt to open direct contacts "suggests a strong desire on the part of Chin [Jin] to enjoy the benefits of Chinese metal culture." However, for the most part Wiman Joseon prevented direct contact between Jin and China.<ref>Book of Han, "傳子至孫右渠 … 眞番 辰國 欲上書見天子 又雍閼弗通", vol.〈朝鮮〉</ref>

King Jun of Gojoseon is reported to have fled to Jin after Wiman seized his throne and established Wiman Joseon. Some believe that Chinese mentions of Gaeguk or Gaemaguk (蓋馬國, literally means Kingdom of armored horses, located near Kaema Plateau) refers to Jin.Template:Citation needed Goguryeo is said to have conquered "Gaemaguk" in 26 AD, but this may refer to a different tribe in northern Korea. An official of Gojoseon called Yeok Gye Gyeong(歷谿卿), after failing to persuade Ugeo, is said to have defected from Gojoseon to Jin, which is described to be located at the East of Gojoseon.<ref>Records of the Three Kingdomsof the Biographies of the Wuhuan, Xianbei, and Dongyi</ref>

Records are somewhat contradictory on Jin's demise: it either became the later Jinhan,<ref>Records of the Three Kingdoms, Han dynasty(韓),"有三種 一曰馬韓 二曰辰韓 三曰弁韓 辰韓者古之辰國也"</ref> or diverged into the Samhan as a whole.<ref>Book of the Later Han, Han(韓),"韓有三種 一曰馬韓 二曰辰韓 三曰弁辰 … 凡七十八國 … 皆古之辰國也"</ref> Archeological records of Jin have been found centered in territory that later became Mahan.<ref name="Corea" />

LanguageEdit

Alexander Vovin, among others, suggests that Japonic languages, which he classifies as Peninsular Japonic, were spoken in large parts of southern Korea and Jeju before they were replaced by proto-Koreanic languages.<ref>Vovin, Alexander (2013). "From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean". Korean Linguistics. 15 (2): 222–240.</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> While it is believed that Koreanic/proto-Koreanic and Japonic/proto-Japonic (i.e. Peninsular Japonic) co-existed in the southern Korean Peninsula for an extended period of time,Template:SfnpTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp the establishment of Koreanic speakers and their assimilation of Japonic speakers may have played a role in a Yayoi migration to the Japanese archipelago, believed to have occurred between 1,000 BCE – 300 CE, which overlaps with the period in which Jin is attested.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Sfnp<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Given this overlap, it is possible that, as Kōno Rokurō and Vovin suggest was the case with the later Korean kingdom of Baekje with regards to Puyŏ languages and Han languages,Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Jin may have been a bilingual state with regards to Koreanic languages and Peninsular Japonic.

Korean historian Ki-Moon Lee classified the Puyŏ languages leading to "Goguryo-Baekje-Wa" and the Han languages, the direct ancestor of modern Korean leading to "Gojoseon-Silla.”<ref>Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011), A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, Template:ISBN, pp. 34–36.</ref>

While, Japanese historian Hideto Ito classified the Ye and Wa into the same language family.<ref>伊藤英人(2021), 「濊倭同系論」, 『KOTONOHA』224 号、古代文字資料館, http://kodaimoji.her.jp/pdf15/yitou224.pdf</ref>

ArchaeologyEdit

Archaeologically, Jin is commonly identified with the Korean bronze dagger culture, which succeeded the Liaoning bronze dagger culture in the late first millennium BCE.<ref name="Corea" /> The most abundant finds from this culture have been in southwestern Korea's Chungcheong and Jeolla regions.

Artifacts of the culture also show some similarities to the Yayoi people of Kyūshū, Japan.<ref>Kenneth B. Lee, 〈Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix〉, Greenwood Publishing, 1997, pp.23-25</ref>

Archaeologically, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula is divided into "Violin-shaped daggers" (비파형동검, 琵琶形銅劍) and the southern part into “Slender daggers” (세형동검, 細形銅剣), but all of them are understood by modern scholars as data proving the southward movement of the Gojoseon. This is because it is a natural historical common sense for the civilized northerners of the Chinese continent to deliver to the southerners of the Korean Peninsula. Both "Violin-shaped daggers" and “Slender daggers” have been classified as Liaoning bronze dagger culture from a long time ago to today.<ref>박진일 (2022), 삼한의 고고학적 시공간, 진인진, ISBN 9788963475271 / 8963475271.</ref>

Jihouming (㠱侯名) bronze artwork was excavated in Lower Xiajiadian culture. This shows that the narrative of Gija Joseon (箕子朝鮮) in the literature is true.<ref>張博泉, 1984 「從東北出土殷周銅器說起」 遼寧文物」總 6期</ref><ref>李治亭 主編, 2003 「東北通史」(中國邊疆通史叢書), 中州古籍出版社, p.41</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> especially, Gija Joseon narrative was occurred in the northern Hebei Province.

Hypothesis that Gojoseon was a society with a ‘bury alive with the dead culture’ was claimed by N.Korean academia. However, the S.Korean academic community opposes the ‘bury alive with the dead culture’ theory, and the S.Korean academic community claims it as a "cemeteries of generational communities or blood ties." However, it is pointed that there is a contradictory description occurring in the study of social differentiation in Bronze Age, in the S.Korean academic community.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Contrary to the claim that the displaced people of Gojoseon founded Silla, few northern relics have been identified in the southern part of the peninsula. On the other hand, in the northeastern Jin area, the "Jung-do archeological culture," which is determined as a Ye-type culture, is being discovered.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Aikens, C.M., Zhushchikhovskaya, I.S., Rhee, S.N., 2009, Environment, Ecology, and Interaction in Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East, Asian Perspective, 48(2); 230-239</ref>

LegacyEdit

Jin was succeeded by the Samhan: Mahan, Jinhan and Byeonhan. Chinese historical text, Records of the Three Kingdoms says that Jinhan is the successor of the Jin state,<ref>"辰韓者古之辰國也". 〈韓〉,《三國志》</ref> while the Book of the Later Han writes that Mahan, Jinhan and Byeonhan were all part of the former Jin state as well as 78 other tribes.<ref>"韓有三種 一曰馬韓 二曰辰韓 三曰弁辰 ... 凡七十八國 ... 皆古之辰國也"〈韓〉,《後漢書》</ref>

The name of Jin continued to be used in the name of the Jinhan confederacy and in the name "Byeonjin," an alternate term for Byeonhan. In addition, for some time the leader of Mahan continued to call himself the "Jin king," asserting nominal overlordship over all of the Samhan tribes.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

Template:Reflist

Works citedEdit

Further readingEdit

  • Lee, C.-k. (1996). The bronze dagger culture of Liaoning province and the Korean peninsula. Korea Journal 36(4), 17-27. [1]
  • Lee, K.-b. (1984). A new history of Korea. Tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, based on the 1979 rev. ed. Seoul: Ilchogak. Template:ISBN.
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