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Julian Bream

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Julian Alexander BreamTemplate:Sfn Template:Post-nominals (15 July 1933Template:Spnd14 August 2020) was an English classical guitarist and lutenist.<ref name="Sensier-2002" /> Regarded as one of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century,<ref name="Jeffries-2013">Template:Cite news</ref> he played a significant role in improving the public perception of the classical guitar as a respectable instrument. Over the course of a career that spanned more than half a century, Bream also helped revive interest in the lute.<ref name="Page-2020" />

Early yearsEdit

Bream was born in Battersea, London,<ref name="Duarte-2020">Template:Cite news</ref> to Henry and Violet Jessie (née Wright) Bream.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" /> At the age of two he moved with his family to Hampton in London, where he was brought up in a musical environment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His father was a commercial artist and an amateur jazz guitarist, who was unable to read music but had a finely attuned ear and could play a lot of popular music.<ref name="Kozinn-2020">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn His mother, of Scottish descent,<ref name="Duarte-2020" /> had a warm and loving personality, but no interest in music.Template:Sfn His parents divorced when he was 14.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" /> His grandmother owned a pub in Battersea, and Bream spent much time there during his youth. The young Bream was impressed by the playing of Django Reinhardt; he later named his dog "Django". Bream played the piano and cello as a child and Reinhardt inspired Bream to take up guitar.<ref name="Jeffries-2013" />

Bream began his lifelong association with the guitar by strumming along on his father's jazz guitar at an early age to dance music on the radio. He became frustrated with his lack of knowledge of jazz harmony, so read instruction books by Eddie Lang to teach himself.<ref name="Bienstock-2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His father taught him the basics. The president of the Philharmonic Society of Guitarists, Boris Perott, gave Bream further lessons,<ref name="Duarte-2020" /> while his father became the society librarian, giving young Bream access to a large collection of rare music.

On his 11th birthday, Bream was given a small gut-strung Spanish guitar by his father.<ref name="Duarte-2020" /><ref name="Page-2020" /> He became something of a child prodigy, at 12 winning a junior exhibition award for his piano playing, enabling him to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music.<ref name="The Lively Arts">The Lively Arts – Julian Bream: A Life in the Country (DVD)</ref> He made his debut guitar recital at Cheltenham on 17 February 1947, aged 13;<ref name="Julian Bream">Julian Bream: The Complete RCA Album Collection booklet</ref> in 1951, he debuted at Wigmore Hall.<ref name="The Lively Arts" />

Bream's father had reservations about Julian pursuing classical guitar. He claimed Bream would find it difficult to earn a living unless he played jazz or something similarly modern. His father's remarks made Bream more persistent and committed to becoming a professional classical guitarist. Bream played the guitar first, then the piano for his audition at the Royal College of Music, even though the guitar was not taught at the institution at the time. When the college accepted Bream, he was advised not to bring his guitar. Bream brought along his guitar regardless as he played for late-night performances. When the school's director discovered he was playing the guitar in one of the school's practice rooms, Bream was asked again to leave his guitar at home. Bream's response to the request was to leave the college.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" />

Leaving the RCM in 1952, Bream was called up into the army for national service.<ref name="The Lively Arts" /> He was originally drafted into the Pay Corps, but managed to sign up for the Royal Artillery Band after six months. This required him to be stationed in Woolwich, which allowed him to moonlight regularly in London with the guitar.<ref name="The Lively Arts" />

CareerEdit

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Bream in 1964

After three and half years in the army, he took any musical jobs that came his way, including background music for radio plays and films.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" /> Recording sessions and work for the BBC were important to Bream throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" /> He played part of a recital at the Wigmore Hall on the lute in 1952.<ref name="MusicWeb-International-2019">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bream pursued a busy career playing around the world. His first European tours took place in 1954 and 1955, followed (beginning in 1958) by extensive touring in the Far East, India, Australia, the Pacific Islands and many other parts of the world. His first North America tour was in 1959.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 1960 saw the formation of the Julian Bream Consort, a period-instrument ensemble with Bream as lutenist.<ref name="Duarte-2020" /> The consort led a great revival of interest in the music of the Elizabethan era.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1963, Bream performed for the Peabody Mason Concert series in Boston with the US debut of his Consort.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In addition to master classes, Bream was a tutor of the music summer school at Dartington.<ref name="Dartington-2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Duarte-2020" />

Later careerEdit

In 1984, Bream seriously injured his right arm in a car accident.<ref name="Jeffries-2013" /><ref name="Kozinn-2020" />

In 1991, BBC Radio and TV broadcast Bream's BBC Prom performance of Malcolm Arnold's Guitar Concerto.<ref name="BBC Music Events-2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also participated in a recital and concerto performances of works by Toru Takemitsu at the Japan Festival in London with the London Symphony Orchestra.<ref name="Royal Academy of Music-2020" />

During the 1992–93 season he performed on two occasions at the Wigmore Hall – at their Gala Re-opening Festival, and at a special concert celebrating his 60th birthday. In the same period, he toured the Far East, visiting Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea and Japan, and performed the premiere of Leo Brouwer's arrangement for guitar and orchestra of Albéniz's Iberia at the Proms. In 1994 Bream made debuts in both Turkey and Israel to great acclaim, and the following year played for the soundtrack to the Hollywood film Don Juan DeMarco.<ref name="Royal Academy of Music-2020" />

In 1997, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of his debut, he performed a recital at Cheltenham Town Hall. A few weeks later, the BBC dedicated a television tribute This Is Your Life programme to Bream, filmed after a commemorative concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London.<ref name="Royal Academy of Music-2020" /><ref name="Duarte-2020" />

Other engagements around that time included a gala solo performance at the Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool; a Kosovo Aid concert at St. John's, Smith Square, London, with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields; recitals at the Snape Proms, Aldeburgh, and at the Norfolk and Norwich Festival; and a tour of National Trust properties in summer and autumn 2000.<ref name="Royal Academy of Music-2020" />

In November 2001 he gave an anniversary recital at Wigmore Hall, celebrating 50 years since his debut there in 1951.<ref name="Royal Academy of Music-2020" /> His final recital was at Maddermarket Theatre, Norwich, on 6 May 2002.<ref name="Julian Bream" /><ref name="Kozinn-2020" />

Style and influencesEdit

Bream's recitals were wide-ranging, including transcriptions from the 17th century, many pieces by Bach arranged for guitar, popular Spanish pieces, and contemporary music, for much of which he was the inspiration. He stated that he was influenced by the styles of Andrés Segovia and Francisco Tárrega.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-2020" /> Bream had some "sessions" with Segovia but did not actually study with him.<ref name="Duarte-2020" /> Segovia provided a personal endorsement and scholarship request to assist Bream in taking further formal music studies.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Bream's work showed that the guitar could be capably utilized in English, French, and German music.<ref name="Kozinn-2020" />

Bream's playing can be characterised as virtuosic and highly expressive, with an eye for details, and with strong use of contrasting timbres. He did not consistently hold his right-hand fingers at right angles to the strings, but used a less rigid hand position for tonal variety.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bream met Igor Stravinsky in Toronto, Canada, in 1965. He tried unsuccessfully to persuade the composer to write a composition for the lute and played a pavane by Dowland for him. The meeting between Bream and Stravinsky, including Bream's impromptu playing, was filmed by the National Film Board of Canada in making a documentary about the composer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

RecordingsEdit

Bream recorded extensively for RCA Victor and EMI Classics. These recordings won him several awards, including four Grammy Awards, two for Best Chamber Music Performance and two for Best Classical Performance.<ref name="National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences-2019" /> RCA also released The Ultimate Guitar Collection, a multi-CD set commemorating his birthday in 1993.<ref name="Duarte-2020" /><ref>Template:OCLC</ref>

Despite his importance as a classical guitarist, many of his RCA recordings (including the series of 20th-century guitar music) were out of print for several years. In 2011, RCA released My Favorite Albums, a 10-CD set of albums chosen by Julian Bream himself.<ref>Template:OCLC</ref> In 2013, RCA issued Julian Bream: The Complete RCA Album Collection, a 40-CD set which also includes two DVDs with The Lively Arts – Julian Bream: A Life in the Country, the 1976 BBC film; and four BBC shows: Omnibus: Anniversary of Sir William Walton [1982], The Julian Bream Consort (1961), Monitor – Film Profile of Julian Bream [1962], and The Julian Bream Consort (1964).<ref>Template:OCLC</ref>

Television and videoEdit

A film, A Life in the Country, was first shown on BBC TV in 1976.<ref name="Julian Bream Guitar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In it, the narrator and Bream discuss his beginnings and his life as a concert guitarist. Bream also presented a series of four master-classes for guitarists on BBC TV.<ref name="BBC-1978">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1984 he made eight film segments on location in Spain for Channel 4. The collection of segments ¡Guitarra! A Musical Journey Through Spain explored historical perspectives of Spanish guitar music.<ref name="Julian Bream Guitar-2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The 2003 DVD video profile Julian Bream: My Life in Music contains three hours of interviews and performances. It has been declared by Graham Wade "the finest film contribution ever to the classic guitar" and it became "Gramophone DVD of the year".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Presto Classical-2006">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

Dedications and collaborationsEdit

File:Bream in Liechtenstein.JPG
Bream (right) in Liechtenstein, 1985

Many composers worked with Bream, and among those who dedicated pieces to him were Malcolm Arnold, Richard Rodney Bennett, Benjamin Britten, Leo Brouwer, Peter Racine Fricker, Hans Werner Henze, Humphrey Searle, Toru Takemitsu, Michael Tippett, William Walton and Peter Maxwell Davies. Britten's Nocturnal is one of the most famous pieces in the classical guitar repertoire and was written with Bream specifically in mind.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is an unusual set of variations on John Dowland's "Come, Heavy Sleep" (which is played in its original form at the close of the piece).<ref name="Page-2020">Template:Cite news</ref>

Bream also took part in many collaborations, including work with Peter Pears on Elizabethan music for lute and voice,<ref name="BR-KLASSIK-2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Duarte-2020" /> and three records of guitar duets with John Williams.<ref name="Bienstock-2020" />

Personal lifeEdit

Bream's first wife was Margaret, daughter of the writer Henry Williamson,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with whom he adopted a son. After their divorce he married Isabel Sanchez in 1980.<ref name="Ukwhoswho.com-2007">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Kozinn-2020" /> That marriage also ended in divorce.<ref name="Page-2020" /><ref name="Kozinn-2020" />

He lived for over 40 years at Broad Oak House, a Georgian farmhouse in Semley, Wiltshire from 1966 until 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2009 he moved to a smaller house in the neighbouring village of Donhead St Andrew.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bream was keen on the game of cricket<ref name="The Lively Arts" /> and was a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club.<ref name="Duarte-2020" />

Bream died on 14 August 2020, at his home at Donhead St Andrew, at the age of 87.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Pieces written for BreamEdit

Many compositions were written for Bream, including:<ref name="Julian Bream Guitar-1947">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and recognitionsEdit

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  • 1968: Edison Award<ref name="Ann Arbor District Library-1978">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 1999: Doctor of Philosophy from London Guildhall University<ref name="London Metropolitan University-2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 2009: Honorary Doctorate from the Open University<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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DiscographyEdit

LPsEdit

Recordings by Bream include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Art Of Julian Bream (November 1960), RCA Victor LSC-2448
  • Guitar Concertos (January 1961), RCA Victor LSC-2487
  • The Golden Age of English Lute Music (September 1961), RCA Victor LDS-2560
  • An Evening Of Elizabethan Music (1963), RCA Victor LDS-2656 (reissued March 1971 as LSC-3195)
  • Julian Bream: Rodrigo, Vivaldi Concertos, Britten Dances from "Gloriana" (1964), RCA Victor LSC-2730
  • 20th Century Guitar (1967), RCA Victor LSC-2964
  • Template:'70s, RCA ARL1-0049
  • Dedication, RCA ARL1-5034
  • Julian Bream Plays Dowland, CLP 1726
  • A Bach Recital for the Guitar, Westminster CLP 1929
  • Baroque Guitar (1966), RCA
  • The Classical Guitar (3 – LP set), Westminster WMS −1029
  • Collection of the Greatest Performances of Julian Bream, Vol. II, Westminster
  • Concertos for Lute and Orchestra, RCA ARL1-1180
  • Dances of Dowland, RCA LSC-2987
  • Elizabethan Lute Songs, RCA LSC-3131
  • Elizabethan Music by The Julian Bream Consort, RCA LSC-3195
  • The Golden Age of English Lute Music, RCA LSC-3196 RCA LD-2560
  • J.S. Bach Lute Suites Nos. 1 and 2 (1966), RCA LSC-2896
  • Julian & John, 1972 RCA LSC-3257
  • Julian & John/2, 1974 RCA ARL1-0456
  • Julian Bream's Greatest Hits, Westminster
  • Julian Bream's Greatest Hits Volume Two, Westminster 9008-8185
  • Lute Music of John Dowland, RCA ARL1-1491
  • John Dowland: 14 Lute Pieces, Westminster W-9079
  • Music for Voice and Guitar with Peter Pears, RCA LSC-2718
  • Popular Classics for Spanish Guitar, RCA
  • Rodrigo: Concerto De Aranjuez, Berkeley Guitar Concerto (1975), RCA
  • Sonatas for Lute and Harpsichord—Bach, Vivaldi with George Malcolm, RCA LSC-3100
  • Villa-Lobos, Twelve Etudes for Guitar, Suite populaire bresillienne (1978), RCA
  • Julian Bream, The Art of the Spanish Guitar (1970) RCA SRS 3002
  • The Woods So Wild, RCA LSC-3331
  • ¡Guitarra!: The Guitar in Spain (1985), RCA (contains material not on the CD)

CDsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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SourcesEdit

External linksEdit

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