Juniper Networks
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Juniper Networks, Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The company develops and markets networking products, including routers, switches, network management software, network security products, and software-defined networking technology.
The company was founded in 1996 by Pradeep Sindhu, with Scott Kriens as the first CEO, who remained until September 2008. Kriens has been credited with much of Juniper's early market success.<ref name="forbestopexec">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It received several rounds of funding from venture capitalists and telecommunications companies before going public in 1999. Juniper grew to $673 million in annual revenues by 2000. By 2001 it had a 37% share of the core routers market, challenging Cisco's once-dominant market-share.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="aoiuhfedo"/> It grew to US$4 billion in revenues by 2004 and $4.63 billion in 2014. Juniper appointed Kevin Johnson as CEO in 2008, Shaygan Kheradpir in 2013 and Rami Rahim in 2014.
Juniper Networks originally focused on core routers, which are used by internet service providers (ISPs) to perform IP address lookups and direct internet traffic. Through the acquisition of Unisphere, in 2002, the company entered the market for edge routers, which are used by ISPs to route internet traffic to individual consumers. In 2003, Juniper entered the IT security market with its own JProtect security toolkit before acquiring security company NetScreen Technologies the following year. In the early 2000s, Juniper entered the enterprise segment, which accounted for one-third of its revenues by 2005. Since 2014, Juniper has been focused on developing new software-defined networking products.<ref name="SWOT" /> In early 2024, Juniper agreed to be bought out by Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) for approximately $14 billion.
HistoryEdit
Origins and fundingEdit
Pradeep Sindhu,<ref name="economist">Template:Cite news</ref> a scientist with Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC),<ref name="five"/> conceived the idea for Juniper Networks while on vacation in 1995<ref name="one">Template:Cite book</ref> and founded the company in February 1996.<ref name="dateoffoundation">Template:Cite news</ref> Sindhu wanted to create data packet-based routers that were optimized for Internet traffic (packet switching),<ref name="one"/><ref name="twelve"/> whereby the routing and transferring of data occurs "by means of addressed packets so that a channel is occupied during the transmission of the packet only, and upon completion of the transmission the channel is made available for the transfer of other traffic."<ref>Martin Weik - Fiber Optics Standard Dictionary Springer Science & Business Media 6 Dec 2012, 1219 pages, Template:ISBN [Retrieved 2015-08-04]</ref><ref>National Telecommunication Information Administration - Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms published by Government Institutes 1 Apr 1997, 480 pages, Template:ISBN, Volume 1037, Part 3 of Federal Standard [Retrieved 2015-08-04]</ref> He was joined by engineers Bjorn Liencres from Sun Microsystems and Dennis Ferguson from MCI Communications.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Sindhu started Juniper Networks with $2 million in seed funding, which was followed by $12 million in funding in the company's first year of operations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> About seven months after the company's founding, Scott Kriens was appointed CEO to manage the business, while founder Sindhu became the Chief Technology Officer.<ref name="five"/><ref name="six">Template:Cite news</ref> By February 1997, Juniper had raised $8 million in venture funding.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, Juniper Networks raised an additional $40 million in investments<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> from a round that included four out of five of the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturers: Siemens, Ericsson, Nortel and 3Com.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="eight">Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper also received $2.5 million from Qwest and other investments from AT&T.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Growth and IPOEdit
Juniper Networks had $3.8 million in annual revenue in 1998.<ref name="three"/> By the following year, its only product, the M40 router, was being used by 50 telecommunications companies.<ref name="one"/> Juniper Networks signed agreements with Alcatel and Ericsson to distribute the M40 internationally. A European headquarters was established in the United Kingdom and an Asia-Pacific headquarters in Hong Kong. A subsidiary was created in Japan<ref name="one"/> and offices were established in Korea in 1999.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper Networks's market share for core routers grew from 6% in 1998 to 17.5% one year later,<ref name="five">Template:Cite news</ref> and 20% by April 2000.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Juniper Networks filed for an initial public offering in April 1999<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and its first day on the NASDAQ was that June.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The stock set a record in first-day trading in the technology sector by increasing 191%<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> to a market capitalization of $4.9 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Telephony, Juniper Networks became the "latest darling of Wall Street",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="street"/> reaching a $7 billion valuation by late July.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Within a year, the company's stock grew five-fold.<ref name="five"/>
Juniper Networks's revenues grew 600% in 2000 to $673 million.<ref name="two">Template:Cite news</ref> That same year, Juniper Networks moved its headquarters from Mountain View to Sunnyvale, California.<ref name="one"/>
CompetitionEdit
By 2001, Juniper controlled one-third of the market for high-end core routers, mostly at the expense of Cisco Systems sales.<ref name="three">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="street">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Businessweek, "analysts unanimously agree[d] that Juniper's boxes [were] technically superior to Cisco's because the hardware does most of the data processing. Cisco routers still relied on software, which often results in slower speeds."<ref name="two"/> However, Cisco provided a broader range of services and support and had an entrenched market position.<ref name="five"/><ref name="two"/> The press often depicted Juniper and Cisco as a "David versus Goliath" story.<ref name="one"/><ref name="twelve">Template:Cite news</ref> Cisco had grown through acquisitions to be a large generalist vendor for routing equipment in homes, businesses and for ISPs, whereas Juniper was thought of as the "anti-Cisco" for being a small company with a narrow focus.<ref name="economist"/><ref name="two"/><ref name="fifteen">Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2001, Cisco introduced a suite of router products that Businessweek said was intended to challenge Juniper's increasing market-share.<ref name="two"/> According to Businessweek, Juniper's top-end router was four times as fast at only twice the cost of comparable Cisco products.<ref name="seven">Template:Cite news</ref> Cisco's routers were not expected to erode Juniper's growing share of the market, but other companies such as Lucent, Alcatel, and startups Avici Systems and Pluris had announced plans to release products that would out-pace Juniper's routers.<ref name="two"/>
Juniper introduced a suite of routers for the network edge that allowed it to compete with Cisco. Juniper's edge routers had a 9% market share two months after release.<ref name="three"/> Both companies made exaggerated marketing claims; Juniper promoted its products as stable enough to make IT staff bored and Cisco announced lab tests from Light Reading proved its products were superior to Juniper, whereas the publication itself reached the opposite conclusion.<ref name="three"/> By 2002, both companies were repeatedly announcing products with faster specifications than the other in what Network World called a "'speeds-and-feeds' public relations contest".<ref name="aoiuhfedo">Template:Cite news</ref>
By 2004, Juniper controlled 38% of the core router market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By 2007, it had a 5%, 18% and 30% share of the market for enterprise, edge and core routers respectively.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Alcatel-Lucent was unsuccessful in challenging Juniper in the core router market but continued competing with Juniper in edge routers along with Cisco.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Further developmentEdit
In late 2000, Juniper formed a joint venture with Ericsson to develop and market network switches for internet traffic on mobile devices,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and with Nortel for fiber optic technology.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2001, Juniper introduced a technical certification program and was involved in the first optical internet network in China.<ref name="one"/><ref name="Pavlichek2002"/>Template:RP Juniper's growth slowed in 2001 as the telecommunications sector experienced a slowdown<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and revenues fell by two-thirds during the dot-com bust.<ref name="businesstwo">Template:Cite news</ref> 9 to 10% of its workforce was laid off.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Juniper had rebounded by 2004, surpassing $1 billion in revenues for the first time that year<ref name="businesstwo"/><ref name="primaryone">Template:Citation</ref> and reaching $2 billion in revenue in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Beginning in 2004, with the acquisition of NetScreen, Juniper Networks began developing and marketing products for the enterprise segment.<ref name="corporate">Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper had a reputation for serving ISPs, not enterprises, which it was trying to change.<ref name="appleomega">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="dfaiuh">Template:Cite news</ref> By 2005, enterprise customers accounted for one-third of the company's revenues,<ref name="corporate"/> but it had spent $5 billion in acquisitions and R&D for the enterprise market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2006, more than 200 US companies restated their financial results due to a series of investigations into stock backdating practices.<ref name="bloom">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper stockholders alleged the company engaged in deceptive backdating practices that benefited its top executives unfairly.<ref name="bloom"/><ref name="reutersss"/> In December 2006, Juniper restated its financials, charging $900 million in expenses to correct backdated stock options from 1999 to 2003.<ref name="bloom"/> This was followed by a $169 million settlement with stockholders in February 2010.<ref name="reutersss">Template:Cite news</ref>
2008–presentEdit
In July 2008, Juniper's first CEO, Scott Kriens, became chairman and former Microsoft executive Kevin Johnson was appointed CEO.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Johnson focused the company more on software, creating a software solutions division headed by a former Microsoft colleague, Bob Muglia.<ref name="cross"/> Juniper also hired other former Microsoft executives to focus on the company's software strategy and encourage developers to create software products that run on the Junos operating system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper established partnerships with IBM, Microsoft and Oracle for software compatibility efforts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The SSL/VPN Pulse product family was launched in 2010, then later spun off to a private equity firm in 2014 for $250 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2012, Juniper laid off 5% of its staff and four of its high-ranking executives departed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The following year, CEO Kevin Johnson announced he was retiring once a replacement was found.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2013, Juniper Networks announced that Shaygan Kheradpir would be appointed as the new CEO.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He started the position in January 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2014, hedge fund, activist investor and Juniper shareholder Elliott Associates advocated that Juniper reduce its cash reserves and cut costs,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> before Kheradpir was officially appointed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> That February, Juniper reached an agreement with Elliott and other stakeholders for an Integrated Operating Plan (IOP) that involved repurchasing $2 billion in shares, reducing operating expenses by $160 million and appointing two new directors to its board.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> That April, 6% of the company's staff were laid off to cut expenses.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2014, Kheradpir unexpectedly resigned following a review by Juniper's board of directors regarding his conduct in a negotiation with an unnamed Juniper customer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> An internal Juniper executive, Rami Rahim, took his place as CEO.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In May 2014, Palo Alto Networks agreed to pay a $175 million settlement for allegedly infringing on Juniper's patents for application firewalls.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2015, Wired magazine reported that the company announced it had found unauthorized code that enabled backdoors into its ScreenOS products.<ref name=wired>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The code was patched with updates from the company.<ref name=wired/>
In January 2024, the company agreed to be purchased by Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) for $14 billion in an all-cash deal<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> to boost HPE's networking and artificial intelligence resources.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The acquisition was contested by the U.S. Department of Justice in January 2025, citing concerns about reduced competition and innovation, leading to higher prices for consumers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Acquisitions and investmentsEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} By 2001, Juniper had made only a few acquisitions of smaller companies, due to the leadership's preference for organic growth.<ref name="fifteen"/> The pace of acquisition picked up in 2001 and 2002 with the purchases of Pacific Broadband and Unisphere Networks.<ref name="multichannel">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2004 Juniper made a $4 billion acquisition of network security company NetScreen Technologies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper revised NetScreen's channel program that year and used its reseller network to bring other products to market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Juniper made five acquisitions in 2005, mostly of startups with deal values ranging from $8.7 to $337 million. It acquired application-acceleration vendor Redline Networks, VOIP company Kagoor Networks, as well as wide area network (WAN) company Peribit Networks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Peribit and Redline were incorporated into a new application products group and their technology was integrated into Juniper's infranet framework.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Afterwards, Juniper did not make any additional acquisitions until 2010.<ref name="vault"/>
From 2010 to September 2011, Juniper made six acquisitions and invested in eight companies. Often Juniper acquired early-stage startups, developing their technology, then selling it to pre-existing Juniper clients.<ref name="cross"/> Juniper acquired two digital video companies, Ankeena Networks and Blackwave Inc., as well as wireless LAN software company Trapeze Networks.<ref name="cross"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, Juniper acquired Mykonos Software, which develops security software intended to deceive hackers already within the network perimeter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a developer of software-defined network controllers, Contrail Systems.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2014, Juniper acquired the software-defined networking (SDN) company WANDL.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In April 2016, Juniper closed its acquisition of BTI, a provider of cloud and metro network technology, in an effort to beef up its data center interconnect and metro packet optical transport technology and services.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper acquired cloud operations management and optimization startup AppFormix in December 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2017, Juniper bought Cyphort, a Silicon Valley startup that makes security analytics software.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper acquired cloud storage company HTBASE in November 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2019, Juniper acquired wireless LAN (WLAN) startup Mist Systems to bolster its software-defined enterprise portfolio and multicloud offerings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 2022, it was announced Juniper had acquired WiteSand, a specialist cloud-native zero trust network access control (NAC) solutions company.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ProductsEdit
Juniper Networks designs and markets IT networking products, such as routers, switches and IT security products.<ref name="annualreport"/> It started out selling core routers for ISPs, and expanded into edge routers, data centers, wireless networking, networking for branch offices and other access and aggregation devices.<ref name="annualreport"/>
Juniper is the third largest market-share holder overall for routers and switches used by ISPs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> According to analyst firm Dell'Oro Group, it is the fourth largest for edge routers<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and second for core routers with 25% of the core market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is also the second largest market share holder for firewall products with a 24.8% share of the firewall market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> In data center security appliances, Juniper is the second-place market-share holder behind Cisco.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Juniper provides technical support and services through the J-Care program.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
As of February 2020, Juniper's product families include the following:
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File:Juniper Networks PTX3000 packet transport router.jpg PTX3000 packet transport router File:Juniper Networks QFX5100 ethernet switch.jpg QFX5100 Ethernet switch File:Juniper Networks SRX3400 service gateway and security appliance.jpg SRX3400 service gateway and security appliance |
Routers and switchesEdit
Juniper Networks' first product was the Junos router operating system, which was released on July 1, 1998.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The first Juniper router was made available that September and was a core router for internet service providers called the M40.<ref name="Pavlichek2002">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:RP<ref name="eleven"/> It incorporated specialized application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) for routing internet traffic that were developed in partnership with IBM.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It had ten times the throughput of comparable contemporary Cisco products.<ref name="eleven">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The M40 was followed by the smaller M20 router in December 1999<ref name="one"/> and the M160 in March 2000.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
By 2000, Juniper had developed five hardware systems and made seven new releases of its Junos operating system.<ref name="Inc2001">Template:Cite book</ref> That April, Juniper released the second generation of the internet processors embedded in its core routers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2002, Juniper released the first of the T-series family (originally known under the code-name Gibson), which could perform four times as many route lookups per second as the M160.<ref name="unveil">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The first products of the TX Matrix family, which could be used to combine up to four T-series routers, was released in December 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
By 2003, Juniper had diversified into three major router applications: core routers, edge routers and routers for mobile traffic.<ref name="Pavlichek2002"/>Template:RP Juniper's first major diversification from core routers was when it entered the market for edge routers, by acquiring the e-series product family (originally known as ERX) through the purchase of Unisphere in 2000.<ref name="fifteen"/><ref name="cautious">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By 2002, both Cisco and Juniper had increased their focus on edge routers, because many ISPs had built up abundant bandwidth at the core.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several improvements to Juniper's software and its broadband aggregation features were released in late 2003. At this time, Juniper had the largest market-share (52%) of the broadband aggregation market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2003, Juniper entered the market for cable-modem termination systems with the G-series product family after the acquisition of Pacific Broadband.<ref name="multichannel"/> The product family was discontinued later that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Juniper's first enterprise switch product was the EX 4200, which was released in 2008. In a comparative technical test, Network World said the EX4200 was the top performer out of network switches they tested in latency and throughput, but its multicast features were "newer and less robust" than other aspects of the product.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper Networks announced the T1600 1.6 Terabits per second core router in 2007 and the newer T4000 4 Terabit router in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, it released the ACX family of universal access routers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2013, the company made several new releases in the MX family of edge routers: it introduced a smaller version of its core routers called PTX3000, and several new enterprise routers were released.<ref name="SWOT"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Seven months later, Juniper acquired WANDL, and its technology was integrated into the NorthStar WAN controller Juniper announced in February 2014.<ref name="nwww"/>
In February 2011, Juniper introduced QFabric, a proprietary protocol<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> methodology for transferring data over a network using a single network layer. Several individual products for the QFabric methodology were released throughout the year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October 2013, Juniper introduced another network architecture called MetaFabric and a new set of switches, the QFX5100 family, as one of the foundations of the new architecture.<ref name="dafbdjna">Template:Cite news</ref>
In February 2014, several software and hardware improvements were introduced for Juniper routers, including a series of software applications ISPs could use to provide internet-based services to consumers.<ref name="nwww">Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2014, Juniper introduced a network switch, OCX1100, that could run on either the Junos operating system or the Open Compute Project open-source software.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
SecurityEdit
Juniper Networks introduced the JProtect security toolkit in May 2003. It included firewalls, flow monitoring, filtering and Network Address Translation (NAT).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Through the 2004 acquisition of NetScreen Technologies, Juniper acquired the Juniper Secure Meeting product line,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as remote desktop access software.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The NetScreen-5GT ADSL security appliance was the first new NetScreen product Juniper introduced after the acquisition<ref name="twentyfour"/> and its first wireless product.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The first Juniper product intended for small businesses was a remote access appliance that was released in August 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> An open interface for the development of third-party tools for the appliance was made available that September.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In September 2004, Juniper entered the market for enterprise access routers with three routers that were the first of the J-series product family. It used the channel partners acquired with NetScreen to take the routers to market.<ref name="twentyfour">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper released its first dedicated NAC product in late 2005, which was followed by the acquisition of Funk Software for its NAC capabilities for switches.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to a 2006 review in Network World, Juniper's SSG 520 firewall and routing product was "the first serious threat" to competing products from Cisco.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Juniper released the SRX family of gateway products in 2008. The gateways sold well, but customers and resellers reported a wide range of technical issues starting in 2010, which Juniper did not acknowledge until 2012, when it began providing updates to the product software.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In August 2011, Juniper and AT&T announced they would jointly develop the AT&T Mobile Security application based on Juniper's Pulse security software.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In May 2012, Juniper released a series of new features for the web security software it acquired from Mykonos Software that February. Mykonos' software is focused on deceiving hackers by presenting fake vulnerabilities and tracking their activity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In January 2014, Juniper announced the Firefly Suite of security and switching products for virtual machines.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The following month Juniper Networks released several products for "intrusion deception", which create fake files, store incorrect passwords and change network maps in order to confuse hackers that have already penetrated the network perimeter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
An analysis of Juniper's ScreenOS firmware code in December 2015 discovered a backdoor key using Dual EC DRBG allowing to passively decrypt the traffic encrypted by ScreenOS. This backdoor was inserted in the year 2008 into the versions of ScreenOS from 6.2.0r15 to 6.2.0r18 and from 6.3.0r12 to 6.3.0r20<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and gives any user administrative access when using a special master password.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some analysts claim that this backdoor still exists in ScreenOS.<ref name="wired-secret-code-in-junipers-firewalls">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Stephen Checkoway was quoted in Wired that "If this backdoor was not intentional, then, in my opinion, it's an amazing coincidence."<ref name="wired.com">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In December 2015, Juniper Systems announced that they had discovered "unauthorized code" in the ScreenOS software that underlies their NetScreen devices, present from 2012 onwards. There were two vulnerabilities: One was a simple root password backdoor, and the other one was changing a point in Dual_EC_DRBG so that the attackers presumably had the key to use the preexisting (intentional or unintentional) kleptographic backdoor in ScreenOS to passively decrypt traffic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Software defined networkingEdit
According to a 2014 SWOT analysis by MarketLine, in recent history Juniper has been focusing on software-defined networking (SDN).<ref name="SWOT"/> It acquired SDN company Contrail Systems in December 2012. The following month Juniper announced its SDN strategy, which included a new licensing model based on usage and new features for the Junos operating system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 2013, Juniper released several SDN products, including the application provisioning software, Services Activation Director and the Mobile Control Gateway appliance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In May 2013, Juniper announced an SDN controller called JunosV Contrail, using technology it acquired through Contrail Systems.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A series of SDN products were released in February 2014, such as a network management software product, Junos Fusion, and an SDN controller called NorthStar. Northstar helps find the optimal path for data to travel through a network.<ref name="nwww"/>
Every year, since 2009, Juniper holds SDN Throwdown competition to encourage students from universities across the world to access NorthStar Controller and build a solution around it to optimize network throughput. In the 2019 competition, team led by Sumit Maheshwari (Rutgers University) took first place.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jialu Sun (Santa Clara University) led his team to a second-place finish.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Recent updatesEdit
In March 2015, Juniper announced a series of updates to the PTX family of core routers, the QFX family of switches, as well as updates to its security portfolio.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to a report published by technology consulting firm LexInnova, as of June 2015 Juniper Networks was the third largest recipient of network security-related patents with portfolio of 2,926 security-related patents.<ref name="CSO 2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In October 2018, Juniper announced a new offering called EngNet, which is a set of developer tools and information meant to help companies move toward automation, and replace the typical command-line interface.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
OperationsEdit
Juniper Networks has operations in more than 100 countries. Around 50% of its revenue is from the United States, 30% is from EMEA and 20% is from Asia. Juniper sells directly to businesses, as well as through resale and distribution partners, such as Ericsson, IBM, Nokia, IngramMicro and NEC.<ref name="vault">Template:Citation</ref> About 50% of Juniper's revenues are derived from routers, 13% from switches, 12% comes from IT security and 25% from services.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
According to a 2013 report by Glassdoor, Juniper Networks has the highest paid software engineers in the technology sector by a margin of about $24,000 per year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It operates the Juniper Networks Academic Alliance (JNAA) program, which scouts fresh college graduates.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
According to a SWOT analysis by MarketLine, Juniper has "a strong focus" on research and development. R&D expenses have been between 22 and 25% of revenue from 2011 to 2013.<ref name="SWOT">Template:Citation</ref> Most of the company's manufacturing is outsourced<ref name="twelve"/> to three manufacturing companies: Celestica, Flextronics and Accton Technology.<ref name="vault"/> Juniper operates the Junos Innovation Fund, which was started with $50 million in 2010 and invests in early-stage technology companies developing applications for the Junos operating system.<ref name="cross">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nnwwodna">Template:Cite news</ref> As of 2011, Juniper Networks invested in 20 companies. This is estimated to be 1 to 2% of the companies it has evaluated for a potential investment.<ref name="cross"/>
ScreenOS BackdoorEdit
In December 2015, Juniper issued an emergency security patch for a backdoor in its security equipment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Together with another vulnerability it allowed to bypass authentication and decrypt VPN traffic on ScreenOS.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Analysis showed that the mechanism of the backdoor was created by the NSA, but might later have been taken over by an unnamed national government.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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