Kahone
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Kahone (Serer proper: Ka-Woon<ref name="Diouf Marcel"/> (variations: Kawoon<ref name="S. Dione - Ndut">Dione, Salif, "L'appel du ndut, ou, L'initiation des garçons seereer." IFAN, 2004, p. 85. Template:ISBN</ref> or Kawon)–meaning the ancestor, "the one who was" in Serer<ref name="Diouf Marcel"/>)) is a town and urban commune near Kaolack, Senegal. It was the capital of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Saloum and is a center of Serer culture and history.
Toponymy and ancient historyEdit
Template:See Kahone takes its name from a Serer religious site and place of worship known in Serer as "Ka-Woon", which means the ancestor, "the one who was".<ref name="Diouf Marcel">Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, "Lances mâles: Léopold Sédar Senghor et les traditions sérères." Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale, 1996, p. 165, 172</ref> The Serers venerated this founding Serer ancestor, and the name was given to the future capital of the Serer Kingdom of Saloum.<ref name="Diouf Marcel"/> The name predates the Guelwar maternal dynasty and Mbegane Ndour, a member of that matriclan and founder of the Kingdom of Saloum, and takes its name from the Serer sacred site Ka-Woon.<ref name="Diouf Marcel"/>
Medieval historyEdit
Template:See In the 14th century, the Mandinka Guelowar clan migrated from Kaabu northwards after losing a succession dispute.<ref name=" Ngom, Biram ">Ngom, Biram: La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987 "</ref> This matriclan, according to the claim advanced by Rokhaya Fall, founded a number of small chiefdoms in the area north of the Gambia river. Fall went on to write that, the home of Kéno Mbèye, one of the Guelowar leaders, was chosen as the meeting place where any problems could be discussed, and so it was called "Filagui diobé", meaning meeting place in the Mandinka language. This eventually became Njoob,{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Fix }} capital of a state called Mbey.Template:Sfn
Rokhaya Fall didn't realise that the tradition she was reporting is actually of Kina/Kin/Kon O Mev/Meo Mane (Manneh), who was a royal princess and sister of Sino-Méou and Kulaar/Koular-o-Méou Mane (and Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh<ref name="GRAVR"/><ref>Mbaye, Abdoulaye, "Essai sur l'histoire de Sokone-Djinguily de 1860 à 2013." L'Harmattan, 2020, p. 22, Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="CHEIK">Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Département d'Histoire, 2001. "Ñirohmol, un village déserté du Diokoul (Saloum) (XIVe-XXes): histoire et archéologie." p. 10</ref>)– the three sisters and maternal ancestors of the three Guelouar families of Saloum.<ref>Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. "Bulletin de L'Institut Fondamental D'Afrique Noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 34." IFAN, 1972, p. 746</ref><ref name="GRAVR">Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer: Cosaan (Les Origines)." Nouvelles Editions africaines, 1983, p. 260-262, Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="CHEIK"/> The Serer country "Mbey" existed before the Guelowar's arrival. Kéno Mbèye (or any of its spelling variations including Kena Mbey) takes her name from the Serer country she settled in. It is only a nickname which does not mean anything in Serer other than "she who stays in Saalum (= Mbey)."<ref>Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Institut français d'Afrique noire. "Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. Série B: Sciences humaines, Volume 46, Issues 3-4." IFAN, 1986, p. 241.
- Quote: "Kena Mbey n'est qu'un sobriquet signifiant « celle qui séjourne au Saalum ( = Mbey ) ».</ref>
In the late 15th century, Mbey and its prosperous salt works fell under the influence of a Toucouleur marabout named Elibana.Template:Sfn The Siin-Siin leader Mbegane Ndour attacked and killed him, establishing the Serer kingdom of Saloum and renaming the capital Kahone, meaning 'this is the one' in Serer.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The city remained the political and religious center of Saloum for the next several centuries.
Kahone was originally a far more important town than neighboring Kaolack, but the roles have been reversed in the 20th century as Kaolack developed into a port and railroad hub.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Kahone has been reduced to a sub-prefecture of Kaolack.
Culture and EconomyEdit
It is primarily agricultural, but it is participating in industrial development plans. Also, the town is pursuing increased tourism based on its history and culture. An annual royal festival is celebrated in which the O Maad (Serer king), Djaraaf (Serer prime minister) and other dignitaries meet to decide kingdom issues and hold pageants celebrating the history of Saloum and the Serer people. There is a mosque and a Catholic missions in Kahone. There are numerous ancient tombs, stone circles and megaliths in the vicinity as well as large burial mounds implanted with baobab trees.
Kahone is routinely involved in many administrative territorial disputes with neighboring communes, always emphasizing its earlier importance.
In 2007, according to official estimates, Kahone had 5,852 inhabitants.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
SourcesEdit
- Henry Gravrand, La civilisation sereer, I. Coosan, Dakar, Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1983). In French.
- Martin A. Klein, Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh At the University Press (1968)
- Alioune Sarr, Histoire du Sine-Saloum. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986-1987. In French.
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