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Kainai Nation

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox First Nation

File:Stand-Off Community at Night.jpg
Stand Off community at night. Kainai Nation.
File:Kainai Nation..jpg
Kainai Nation entry sign

The Kainai Nation (Template:Langx or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, romanized: Káínawa, Blood Tribe) is a First Nations band government in southern Alberta, Canada, with a population of 12,965 members in 2024,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> up from 11,791 in December 2013.<ref>Blood Tribe Registered Population - Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada - {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} translates directly to 'many chief' (from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 'many' and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 'chief') while {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} translates directly to 'many chief people'. The enemy Plains Cree call the Kainai {{#invoke:Lang|lang}},<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 'stained with blood', thus 'the bloodthirsty, cruel', therefore, the common English name for the tribe is the Blood tribe.

The Kainai speak a language of the Blackfoot linguistic group; their dialect is closely related to those of the Siksika and Piikani. They are one of three nations comprising the Blackfoot Confederacy.

At the time treaties such as Treaty 7 were signed, the Kainai were situated on the Oldman, Belly, and St. Mary rivers west of Lethbridge, Alberta. The Kainai reserve Blood 148 is currently the largest in Canada with 4,570 inhabitants<ref>[1] - 2016 Census Aboriginal Population Profile</ref> on Template:Cvt and is located Template:Convert south of Calgary.

EconomyEdit

The Kainai Nation is engaged in diverse enterprises and they trade with domestic and international partners. Ammolite mining for example provides a rare highly demanded gem mineral to Asia for Feng Shui. Ammolite is currently known only to be found in the Bearpaw Formation as unique conditions of prehistoric times were optimal for the fossilization of marine life into ammolite.<ref>Lawrynuik, S (Feb 22, 2017).'It's like nothing else on earth: Rarest of Gemstones fuels boom for Alberta miners'.CBC News, retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/ammolite-mine-expansion-canada-gems-1.3993105, retrieved on Nov 28, 2017</ref> Over the years, mining operations have uncovered several oceanic mosasaur fossils which have been stored for study at the Royal Tyrrell Museum; however, they belong to the Kainai Nation.(Lawrynuik)<ref>Narine, S(2002).Fossil discovered in mining operation, Alberta Sweetgrass 9(11) retrieved from http://www.ammsa.com/publications/alberta-sweetgrass/fossil-discovered-mining-operation, retrieved on Nov 28, 2017</ref>

Specific claimsEdit

The Kainai Nation filed many specific claims with the federal government. In 2017, a federal court ruled that the Crown had underestimated the band's population, which resulted in the band's reserve being smaller than it should have been. As such, the Blood Tribe reserve could be expanded by Template:Convert, but the community could seek a cash-in-lieu-of-land settlement for this claim instead.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2019, the Kainai Nation settled a claim over Crown mismanagement of the band's ranching assets. The community received a $150 million cash settlement. Chief Roy Fox said that $123 million of this settlement will be used to develop "housing, capital works, a new administration building and a new skating rink".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GovernmentEdit

Band councilEdit

The Kainai Nation is governed by an elected council of twelve to fifteen, with one chief. The term of office is four years. Historical chiefs of the Kainai are below:

  • Last of the hereditary chiefs, Traditional Chief Jim Shot Both Sides (1956–1980)
  • Chief Chris Shade (1996–2004)
  • Chief Charles Weasel Head (2004–2016)
  • Chief Roy Fox (Makiinimaa – Curlew) (2016–present)

Blood Indian Reserve No. 148

Police forceEdit

In pre-treaty times, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} were a society responsible for the punishment of misdeeds. Template:As of the Blood reserve was policed by the Blood Tribe Police, with 31 officers.

  • George Catlin - Buffalo Bulls Back Fat - Smithsonian.jpg

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  • Chief of the Blood indians War chief of the Piekann indians and Koutani indian 0079v.jpg

    Chief of the Blood Indians, War chief of the Piekann Indians and a Koutani Indian, by Karl Bodmer

  • Edward S. Curtis Collection People 079.jpg

    Stsimaki (Reluctant-to-be-woman) - Blood by Edward S. Curtis

  • Apio-mita White Dog - Blood.jpg

    Apio-mita White Dog - Blood

  • Niukskai-Stamik Three Bulls Blood.jpg

    Niukskai-Stamik Three Bulls - Blood

  • Kaistosinikyi Kill-for-nothing Blood.jpg

    Kaistosinikyi Kill-For-Nothing - Blood

  • Atso Tohkomi Call-on-all-sides Blood.jpg

    Atso Tohkomi Call-on-All-Sides - Blood

  • 1-Astanighkyi Come-singing - Blood.jpg

    Astanighkyi Come-Singing - Blood

  • 2-Astanighkyi Come-singing Blood.jpg

    Astanighkyi Come-Singing - Blood

  • 1-Makoyepuk Wolf-child - Blood.jpg

    Makoyepuk Wolf-Child - Blood

  • 2-Makoyepuk Wolf-child Blood.jpg

    Makoyepuk Wolf-Child - Blood

  • A-blood-horseman.jpg

    A Blood horseman

Notable peopleEdit

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  • Tom Three Persons - Rodeo athlete and rancher, best known for winning the saddle bronc competition at the inaugural Calgary Stampede in 1912

In popular cultureEdit

In 1960, the Kainai and their Sun Dance were featured in the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) documentary Circle of the Sun. Tribal leaders had been concerned that the Sun Dance might be dying out, and had permitted filming as a visual record.<ref name="Rosenthal">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="curators">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This documentary was later referenced by electronic music duo Boards of Canada on their debut album Music Has The Right to Children, with song titles such as "Kaini Industries" and "Pete Standing Alone" paying homage to the tribe and its leader.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1973, the NFB released the documentary Kainai, which discusses the construction and consequences of a factory on their property.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2006, community leader Rick Tailfeathers contributed a small ammolite carving of a buffalo skull to the Six String Nation project. The object was permanently mounted on the interior of Voyageur, the guitar at the heart of the project.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Following a presentation about the project in September 2014 at Tatsikiisaapo'p Middle School, project creator Jowi Taylor was presented with a braid of sweet grass by school principal Ramona Big Head. The braid resides in the headstock area in the bed of the guitar case.

On National Aboriginal Day in 2011, the NFB released the Pete Standing Alone trilogy, which includes Circle of the Sun, Standing Alone and a 2010 film, Round Up, documenting 50 years of the Kainai Nation as well as the life of elder Pete Standing Alone.<ref name=trilogy>Template:Cite news</ref>

Historical newspapersEdit

File:Kainai News Oct 15 1968.jpg
Kainai News, Volume 1, Issue 9, October 15, 1968
  • The Kainai News<ref>Kainai News (1968–1991)</ref> was one of Canada's first aboriginal newspapers and instrumental in the history of aboriginal journalism in Canada. It was published in southern Alberta by the Blood Indian Tribe and later by Indian News Media. Content focused on a range of local issues within the reserve as well as national issues such as the Indian Act, the Whitepaper and Bill C-31. Of particular significance are editorial cartoons by Everett Soop which were a regular feature of the newspaper. Its first editor way Caen Bly, granddaughter of Senator James Gladstone.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • The Sun Dance Echo<ref>Sun Dance Echo (1964–1966)</ref> was a predecessor to the Kainai News. It was edited by Reggie Black Plume and occasionally contained articles by Hugh Dempsey.

CommunitiesEdit

The Kainai nation communities include:<ref>Blood Tribe - About Us & Communities listed {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Bullhorn / Pomiipisskian / ᑲᒍᑯᔈᖽᑉᖳᐡ
  • Fish Creek / Akaomisko / ᖳᖿᐠᒍᔈᖾ
  • Ft Whoop Up / Akaisakoyi / ᖳᖼᓭᖾᔪ
  • Levern / Iisoitapi / ᖱᓴᖱᒣᑯ
  • Moses Lake / Aakoohkiimiksi / ᖳᖾᑊᖽᒍᖽᐧ
  • Old Agency / Mokowan / Mokoan / ᒐᖾᖷᐡ
  • Standoff / Tattsikiitapi / ᒣᒧᐧᖽᒣᑯ

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Blackfoot Template:First Nations in Alberta Template:Numbertreaty Template:Authority control

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