Kajaani
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:For Template:Good article Template:Main other{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox settlement with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | alt | anthem | anthem_link | area_blank1_acre | area_blank1_dunam | area_blank1_ha | area_blank1_km2 | area_blank1_sq_mi | area_blank1_title | area_blank2_acre | area_blank2_dunam | area_blank2_ha | area_blank2_km2 | area_blank2_sq_mi | area_blank2_title | area_code | area_code_type | area_codes | area_footnotes | area_land_acre | area_land_dunam | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_metro_acre | area_metro_dunam | area_metro_footnotes | area_metro_ha | area_metro_km2 | area_metro_sq_mi | area_note | area_rank | area_rural_acre | area_rural_dunam | area_rural_footnotes | area_rural_ha | area_rural_km2 | area_rural_sq_mi | area_total_acre | area_total_dunam | area_total_ha | area_total_km2 | area_total_sq_mi | area_urban_acre | area_urban_dunam | area_urban_footnotes | area_urban_ha | area_urban_km2 | area_urban_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_dunam | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_percent | area_water_sq_mi | blank_emblem_alt | blank_emblem_link | blank_emblem_size | blank_emblem_type | blank_info | blank_info_sec1 | blank_info_sec2 | blank_name | blank_name_sec1 | blank_name_sec2 | blank1_info | blank1_info_sec1 | blank1_info_sec2 | blank1_name | blank1_name_sec1 | blank1_name_sec2 | blank2_info | blank2_info_sec1 | blank2_info_sec2 | blank2_name | blank2_name_sec1 | blank2_name_sec2 | blank3_info | blank3_info_sec1 | blank3_info_sec2 | blank3_name | blank3_name_sec1 | blank3_name_sec2 | blank4_info | blank4_info_sec1 | blank4_info_sec2 | blank4_name | blank4_name_sec1 | blank4_name_sec2 | blank5_info | blank5_info_sec1 | blank5_info_sec2 | blank5_name | blank5_name_sec1 | blank5_name_sec2 | blank6_info | blank6_info_sec1 | blank6_info_sec2 | blank6_name | blank6_name_sec1 | blank6_name_sec2 | blank7_info | blank7_info_sec1 | blank7_info_sec2 | blank7_name | blank7_name_sec1 | blank7_name_sec2 | caption | code1_info | code1_name | code2_info | code2_name | coor_pinpoint | coor_type | coordinates | coordinates_footnotes | demographics_type1 | demographics_type2 | demographics1_footnotes | demographics1_info1 | demographics1_info10 | demographics1_info2 | demographics1_info3 | demographics1_info4 | demographics1_info5 | demographics1_info6 | demographics1_info7 | demographics1_info8 | demographics1_info9 | demographics1_title1 | demographics1_title10 | demographics1_title2 | demographics1_title3 | demographics1_title4 | demographics1_title5 | demographics1_title6 | demographics1_title7 | demographics1_title8 | demographics1_title9 | demographics2_footnotes | demographics2_info1 | demographics2_info10 | demographics2_info2 | demographics2_info3 | demographics2_info4 | demographics2_info5 | demographics2_info6 | demographics2_info7 | demographics2_info8 | demographics2_info9 | demographics2_title1 | demographics2_title10 | demographics2_title2 | demographics2_title3 | demographics2_title4 | demographics2_title5 | demographics2_title6 | demographics2_title7 | demographics2_title8 | demographics2_title9 | dimensions_footnotes | dunam_link | elevation_footnotes | elevation_ft | elevation_link | elevation_m | elevation_max_footnotes | elevation_max_ft | elevation_max_m | elevation_max_point | elevation_max_rank | elevation_min_footnotes | elevation_min_ft | elevation_min_m | elevation_min_point | elevation_min_rank | elevation_point | embed | established_date | established_date1 | established_date2 | established_date3 | established_date4 | established_date5 | established_date6 | established_date7 | established_title | established_title1 | established_title2 | established_title3 | established_title4 | established_title5 | established_title6 | established_title7 | etymology | extinct_date | extinct_title | flag_alt | flag_border | flag_link | flag_size | footnotes | founder | geocode | governing_body | government_footnotes | government_type | government_blank1_title | government_blank1 | government_blank2_title | government_blank2 | government_blank2_title | government_blank3 | government_blank3_title | government_blank3 | government_blank4_title | government_blank4 | government_blank5_title | government_blank5 | government_blank6_title | government_blank6 | grid_name | grid_position | image_alt | image_blank_emblem | image_caption | image_flag | image_map | image_map1 | image_seal | image_shield | image_size | image_skyline | imagesize | iso_code | leader_name | leader_name1 | leader_name2 | leader_name3 | leader_name4 | leader_party | leader_title | leader_title1 | leader_title2 | leader_title3 | leader_title4 | length_km | length_mi | map_alt | map_alt1 | map_caption | map_caption1 | mapsize | mapsize1 | module | motto | motto_link | mottoes | name | named_for | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nickname_link | nicknames | official_name | other_name | p1 | p10 | p11 | p12 | p13 | p14 | p15 | p16 | p17 | p18 | p19 | p2 | p20 | p21 | p22 | p23 | p24 | p25 | p26 | p27 | p28 | p29 | p3 | p30 | p31 | p32 | p33 | p34 | p35 | p36 | p37 | p38 | p39 | p4 | p40 | p41 | p42 | p43 | p44 | p45 | p46 | p47 | p48 | p49 | p5 | p50 | p6 | p7 | p8 | p9 | parts | parts_style | parts_type | pop_est_as_of | pop_est_footnotes | population | population_as_of | population_blank1 | population_blank1_footnotes | population_blank1_title | population_blank2 | population_blank2_footnotes | population_blank2_title | population_demonym | population_demonyms | population_density_blank1_km2 | population_density_blank1_sq_mi | population_density_blank2_km2 | population_density_blank2_sq_mi | population_density_km2 | population_density_metro_km2 | population_density_metro_sq_mi | population_density_rank | population_density_rural_km2 | population_density_rural_sq_mi | population_density_sq_mi | population_density_urban_km2 | population_density_urban_sq_mi | population_est | population_footnotes | population_metro | population_metro_footnotes | population_note | population_rank | population_rural | population_rural_footnotes | population_total | population_urban | population_urban_footnotes | postal_code | postal_code_type | postal2_code | postal2_code_type | pushpin_image | pushpin_label | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_map_caption_notsmall | pushpin_map_narrow | pushpin_mapsize | pushpin_outside | pushpin_overlay | pushpin_relief | registration_plate | registration_plate_type | seal_alt | seal_link | seal_size | seal_type | seat | seat_type | seat1 | seat1_type | seat2 | seat2_type | settlement_type | shield_alt | shield_link | shield_size | short_description | subdivision_name | subdivision_name1 | subdivision_name2 | subdivision_name3 | subdivision_name4 | subdivision_name5 | subdivision_name6 | subdivision_type | subdivision_type1 | subdivision_type2 | subdivision_type3 | subdivision_type4 | subdivision_type5 | subdivision_type6 | timezone | timezone_DST | timezone_link | timezone1 | timezone1_DST | timezone1_location | timezone2 | timezone2_DST | timezone2_location | timezone3 | timezone3_DST | timezone3_location | timezone4 | timezone4_DST | timezone4_location | timezone5 | timezone5_DST | timezone5_location | total_type | translit_lang1 | translit_lang1_info | translit_lang1_info1 | translit_lang1_info2 | translit_lang1_info3 | translit_lang1_info4 | translit_lang1_info5 | translit_lang1_info6 | translit_lang1_type | translit_lang1_type1 | translit_lang1_type2 | translit_lang1_type3 | translit_lang1_type4 | translit_lang1_type5 | translit_lang1_type6 | translit_lang2 | translit_lang2_info | translit_lang2_info1 | translit_lang2_info2 | translit_lang2_info3 | translit_lang2_info4 | translit_lang2_info5 | translit_lang2_info6 | translit_lang2_type | translit_lang2_type1 | translit_lang2_type2 | translit_lang2_type3 | translit_lang2_type4 | translit_lang2_type5 | translit_lang2_type6 | type | unit_pref | utc_offset | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset1 | utc_offset1_DST | utc_offset2 | utc_offset2_DST | utc_offset3 | utc_offset3_DST | utc_offset4 | utc_offset4_DST | utc_offset5 | utc_offset5_DST | website | width_km | width_mi | mapframe | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-caption | mapframe-coord | mapframe-coordinates | mapframe-custom | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-height | mapframe-id | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-switcher | mapframe-width | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-zoom }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | template = Infobox settlement | cat = Template:Main other | population; population_total | image_size; imagesize | image_alt; alt | image_caption; caption }}{{#if:
|
}}Template:Main other Kajaani ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx), is a town in Finland and the regional capital of Kainuu. Kajaani is located southeast of Lake Oulu, which drains into the Gulf of Bothnia through the Oulu River. The population of Kajaani is approximately {{#expr:Template:Data Finland municipality/population countround −3}}, while the sub-region has a population of approximately {{#expr: Template:Data Finland municipality/population count + Template:Data Finland municipality/population count + Template:Data Finland municipality/population count + Template:Data Finland municipality/population countround −3}}. It is the Template:Ordinal most populous municipality in Finland.
The town was founded in the 17th century, fueled by the growth of the tar industry, but it was preceded by a long history of settlements. During the Great Northern War it succumbed to Russian forces, who ruined Kajaani Castle in 1716. Today, the local economy is mainly driven by the sawmill, lumber, and paper industries, although UPM Kymmene's paper mill, the main employer from 1907 until 2008, has since closed. Kajaani's church was built in 1896 in the Neo-Gothic style by the architect Jac Ahrenberg to replace an earlier church. Kajaani's town theatre was established in 1969.
Kajaani is home to two football clubs, AC Kajaani and Kajaanin Haka, and the ice hockey team Hokki. The Kajaani University of Applied Sciences was established in 1992. Kajaani is also home to LUMI, the "fastest supercomputer in the EU", which is located on the former paper mill site of UPM.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
HistoryEdit
Kajaani was one of the cities founded on 6 March 1651 by the Swedish Governor General of Finland, Per Brahe.<ref name="RiisBüthe2000">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="kajaani">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="agricola">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At that time, the Kainuu region—as wood country—was an important producer of tar derived from pine, and the tar trade was its major industry.<ref name="tar - Finlandf">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1653–4 the district court sessions of Kajaani and Sotkamo were responsible for authorizing a road to be built between Säräisniemi and Raahe, improving communications in the region.<ref name="LambergHakanen2011">Template:Cite book</ref>
During the Greater Wrath in the 18th century, Kajaani Castle was forced to surrender to Russian forces. The Russians blew the castle up in March 1716, and it has been in ruins ever since.<ref name="Norum2010"/> On 17 October 1808, General Johan August Sandels won a key victory to the south of Kajaani near Iisalmi during the Battle of Koljonvirta of the Finnish War, when his army of just 1,800 defeated over 6,000 Russians.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There is a monument on the east side of the river marking where the spot where Lieutenant Jakob Henrik Zidén and Major-General Mikhail Petrovich Dolgorukov fell.<ref name="Nagel"/><ref name="Mikaberidze2005">Template:Cite book</ref>
In early 1833, medical doctor Elias Lönnrot, best known for compiling the Kalevala, the national epic of Finland, was appointed district physician in Kajaani and was assigned to assist in dealing with the typhoid and cholera epidemic which was raging during the 1830s.<ref name="Pentikäinen1999">Template:Cite book</ref> The disease was difficult to treat and he soon fell ill himself with typhus at the end of February 1833 but recovered. Kajaani was severely affected by the famine in 1867–1868 which devastated much of Finland,<ref name="Ahokas1973">Template:Cite book</ref> but the town gradually recovered and by the end of the century had grown to more than 1200 inhabitants. Kajaani Town Hall was built in 1831, the former City Library in 1852, Kainuu's first elementary school in 1883, and Kajaani Church in 1896 as it grew into a notable settlement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The paper industry took off in Kajaani in the early 20th century in particular. Kajaani Paper Mill was built in 1907 and was run by the firm Kajaani Oy, which had a capital of FMK 5,000,000 (£137,615) in 1948.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Kajaani Oy was eventually acquired by Valmet in 1983, and the subsidiary Kajaani Electronics was formed.<ref name="Raumolin1988">Template:Cite book</ref> Ämmäkoski power plant was built on the river in 1917 by the Kajaani Lumber Company, and underwent alterations under architect Eino Pitkänen in the 1940s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The city's grew in the 1960s to 14,600 inhabitants. Industrial development in the 1970s, and the merger of the separate rural municipality of Kajaani, Kajaanin maalaiskunta, and the city in 1977 saw the population jump to 34,574 by 1980.<ref name=general>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Paxton1982">Template:Cite book</ref> Vuolijoki was consolidated with Kajaani at the beginning of 2007.<ref name="Vuolijoki merge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2012, an oil spill occurred in Kajaani. 110,000 liters of oily water leaked into a river that eventually flowed into the Oulujärvi lake.<ref name="oil spill">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GeographyEdit
Kajaani is situated in the heart of central Finland. By road is it Template:Convert north-northwest of Helsinki, Template:Convert north of Kuopio, and Template:Convert southeast of Oulu.<ref name="GM">Template:Google maps</ref> Villages in the vicinity include Jormua, Koutaniemi, Kuluntalahti, Lahnasjärvi, Lehtovaara, Linnantaus, Mainua, Murtomäki and Paltaniemi.<ref name="GM"/> Districts of Kajaani include: Heinisuo, Hetteenmäki, Hoikankangas, Huuhkajanvaara, Katiska, Kettu, Komiaho, Kuurna, Kylmä, Kättö, Kätönlahti, Laajankangas, Lehtikangas, Lohtaja, Nakertaja, Onnela, Palokangas, Petäisenniska, Puistola, Purola, Soidinsuo, Suvantola, Teppana, Tihisenniemi, Tikkapuro, Variskangas and Yläkaupunki.
Kajaani lies on the Kajaani River, between the lakes of Oulujärvi, which drains to the Gulf of Bothnia along the Oulu River, and Nuasjärvi.<ref name="Freyer-Lindner2012"/> Between Kajaani and Oulujärvi are the smaller lakes of Sokajärvi and Paltajärvi, which are frozen during winter. Paltajärvi stands between the Kajaani River and Oulujärvi. The Kajaani and Vuolijoki rivers are noted for their fishing.<ref name=general/><ref name=fishing>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The island of Käkisaari lies on lake Oulujärvi to the northwest of the town and features residential houses and about 150 summer cottages and holiday apartments, and the island of Toukka lies in the eastern part of the lake. Also within the municipality is the Template:Convert Laakajärvi, a lake with a maximum depth of Template:Convert, which is a notable nesting area for Great black-backed gull and ospreys.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The surrounding area is dominated by mainly conifer forest, with broad-leafed birch and alder woods on some of the steeper banks and streams.<ref name="Cody1985">Template:Cite book</ref> An early 20th century analysis of vegetation cover in Kajaani county recorded 385 different species of vascular plants.<ref name="Blake1961">Template:Cite book</ref> Talaskangas Nature Reserve, with nearly pristine natural forest and about 50 different wildlife species, is in the Vieremä and Sonkajärvi local area. Logging was planned in the 1980s, but environmental activists prevented exploitation through lobbying. The reserve was formally established in 1994.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ClimateEdit
Kajaani lies within the subarctic climate zone (Köppen: Dfc), but the proximity of the Baltic Sea and warm airflows from the Atlantic Ocean (as well as warm current) result in a much milder climate than many locations at this latitude.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Summers are cool, with the hottest month usually in July, with the average high temperature reaching Template:Convert, although during severe heatwaves highs of Template:Convert have been reached in July and August and a local record of 34.5 °C (94.1 °F), was registered in July during the heatwave of 2010. The summers also have the most rainfall, reaching a peak in July with Template:Convert. Rainfall is fairly constant throughout the year, with no dry season.<ref name="WP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Winters can be harsh, and temperatures can drop below Template:Convert. The peak of the cold season on average lasts from December 11 to March 8, with an average daily high temperature below Template:Convert, with the greatest snowfall in January.<ref name="WP"/>
DemographicsEdit
| Population of Kajaani (Dec 31) | |
|---|---|
| Year | Population |
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 36,056 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 36,428 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 36,541 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 36,088 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 35,842 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 35,675 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 38,140 {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
|
As of {{#time: j F Y|Template:Data Finland municipality/population count }}, the municipality has a population of Template:Data Finland municipality/population count<ref name="population_count"/> (around 34,000 in the town itself) and covers an area of Template:Convert of which Template:Convert is water. The population density is Template:Convert.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish (only Template:Pct of people from Kajaani speak Swedish as their first language).<ref name="population_count" />
GovernmentEdit
The Kajaani City Council consists of 51 members and following the 2021 municipal elections the seats are divided for the Centre Party (12), the Finns Party (11), the Left Alliance (9), the National Coalition Party (8), the Social Democratic Party (6), the Green League (4) and the Christian Democrats (1).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The chairperson of the City Council is Eila Aavakare from the Finns Party.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 11-member City Government is headed by Teuvo Hatva.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Mayor, whose duty is that of a civil servant independent of the city council, is Jari Tolonen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EconomyEdit
The budgeted income of Kajaani was FIM 930 million in 1996.<ref name="Management">Template:Cite book</ref> In its earlier history, Kajaani was a thriving center of the tar industry. A channel built in 1846 especially for the transportation of tar out of the town still exists today.<ref name="Freyer-Lindner2012"/>
Today the local economy is driven by mainly the sawmill, lumber and paper industries. Kajaani paper mill, established in 1907 by Kajaani Oy (ex Kajaanin Puutavara Osakeyhtio), was the largest private employer in Kajaani. The factories are on the river bank, at Tihisenniemi. They built a new paper machine in the town in 1980 which was projected to have an annual output of 170,000 tons.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Kajaani Oy was eventually acquired by Valmet in 1983, and the subsidiary Kajaani Electronics was formed.<ref name="Raumolin1988"/> Kajaani Electronics was cited as "one of the leading makers of special sensors and analyzers for the pulp and paper industry" in 1990.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> When the paper mill was acquired by UPM Kymmene in 1989 it became the third-largest paper company in Finland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It closed in 2008 due to lack of profitability and high energy costs, but has since continued its operations, and was sold to Pölkky Oy in 2012.<ref name="UPM sawmill">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the early 1970s an electronics manufacturing plant was built in Kajaani, and the firm Kajaani Automation was established in 1980.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As of 1999 the peat industry in Kajaani earned FIM 0.5 million annually.<ref name="Management"/> Some 222 hectares is allocated to peat production, with private firm Vapo Oy contracted to exploit it and deliver peat to the power plant.<ref name="Management"/>
According to 1999 figures, Kajaani earns FIM 3 million a year by selling forestry products, and also receives a sizable income from tourist-related activities from its forests.<ref name="Management"/> Fishing also contributes to the income of people in the town.<ref name="Harding2003"/> Kajaani has three main hotels, the 191-room Scandic Kajanus Kajaani, Hotel Kajaani and Original Sokos Hotel Valjus, although the Karolineburg Manor House now also functions as a hotel with 20 rooms.<ref name="Freyer-Lindner2012">Template:Cite book</ref> The Sirius restaurant, cited as the best restaurant in the town, serves Finnish cuisine, and is housed in a former government building which hosted conferences between Leonid Brezhnev and Urho Kekkonen. Also of note is the Chinese restaurant Golden Dragon, the Torero which serves Spanish cuisine, Hospoda Kourna and Pikantti.<ref name="Norum2010">Template:Cite book</ref> The Central Hospital of Kainuu, which serves the wider region, is situated in Kajaani.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Opened in 1968, it has a number of specialist medical departments andworks in cooperation with the Oulu University Hospital. The town also has an eye clinic.<ref name="GeislerKrabbendam2003">Template:Cite book</ref>
Kainuu Brigade, a unit of the Finnish Army established in 1966, is the third biggest employer in the city. The brigade trains around 4,000 conscripts each year and employs 500 military personnel and 100 civilians.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LandmarksEdit
Kajaani Castle, located on an island on the Kajaani river in the centre of the city, was originally built in 1604 and was commissioned by Charles IX of Sweden. The castle served as an administrative centre, prison, military base and a refuge for the citizens.<ref name="Norum2010"/>
The Town Hall of Kajaani, on the main square, Raatihuoneentori, was built to the design of Carl Engel in 1831 with a central rooftop clocktower and turret. It underwent restoration in 1990 when it was painted in a "fetching yellow ochre" color.<ref name="Norum2010" />
Kajaani Church was built in 1896 in the Neo-Gothic style by architect Jac Ahrenberg. It replaced an earlier church on the spot which was originally built in 1656 and destroyed by the Russians in 1716 at the time when Kajaani castle was destroyed. The second church was built 1734-35 which served the parish for 160 years until replaced with Ahrenberg's new church. The church, built from wood, has three naves and features a delicate, slender bell tower.<ref name="SymingtonDunford2009">Template:Cite book</ref> It is decorated with English Gothic style carvings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Kajaani Orthodox Church (Kajaanin ortodoksinen seurakunta), which has a regional membership of about 1880 members is centred at Christ Church of the Transfiguration in Kajaani. The church was completed in 1959 to designs by Ilmari Ahonen. It contains murals painted by Petros Sasaki and Alkiviadis Kepolas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the suburb of Paltaniemi is a church, originally built in 1599, and considered to be the regional centre for the Lutheran Church.<ref name="Harding2003" />
There is a mosque in the town, which is the center of the regional Kainuu Islamic community, which in 2013 had 174 members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Eino Leno House, containing a cafe, was built in 1978 to commemorate famous poet Eino Leino, a native of the town. Keisarintalli, a wooden stable, was used as a boarding house for Tsar Alexander I of Russia during his tour of Finland in 1819.<ref name="Harding2003"/> Also of note is the Urho Kekkonen Memorial, dedicated to the eighth Finnish president, Urho Kekkonen. The Template:Convert high monument was carved by sculptor Pekka Kauhanen and was unveiled on 3 September 1990, exactly 90 years after Kekkonen's birth.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CultureEdit
The Kajaani Town Theatre, established in 1969,<ref name=theatre>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> puts on plays and concerts, typically seen by around 200 people.<ref name=visitfinland>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="KullmanYoung1986">Template:Cite book</ref> The Art Museum of Kajaani ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), located in a building that was a police station, which is connected to Kajaani's former city hall.<ref name=artforeverybody>Template:Cite news</ref> was founded in 1993 and centers on Finnish modern art.<ref name=art>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kainuu Museum ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) displays information related to the tar industry, the Kalevala (the national epic of Finland) and author Elias Lönnrot and others on the ground floor, and regularly hosts temporary exhibitions upstairs.<ref name="SymingtonDunford2009"/>
The most notable annual cultural events in Kajaani are Kajaanin Runoviikko (The Kajaani Poetry Week),<ref name="Kajaanin Runoviikko">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> originally known as Sana ja Sävel, and Kainuun JazzKevät (The Kainuu Jazz Spring).<ref name=tourismjazz>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kajaani Orchestra began in the 1950s, and was expanded when the Kuopio garrison band moved to Kajaani in 1963.Template:Citation needed
Radio Kajaus, one of Finland's oldest local radios, began operations in Kajaani in 1989,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and remains one of the few completely independent radio stations in Finland. Kainuu Radio, which belongs to the Yle, broadcasts Monday to Friday from 6.30 to 17.00.Template:Citation needed
EducationEdit
The town is served by the Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, a small university of applied sciences which was established in 1992. It provides courses in Activity Tourism, Information Systems, Nursing and Healthcare, Mechanical and Mining Engineering and Business and Innovations, and offers 8 Bachelor's degree programmes and 5 Master programmes delivered in Finnish. The Research Center for Developmental Teaching and Learning at Kajaani University Consortium is associated with the University of Oulu.<ref name="LobmanO'Neill2011">Template:Cite book</ref> There is also a polytechnical institute in Kajaani, which had an enrollment of 653 students in the mid 1990s.<ref name="Taylor2008">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 2022, the 550 PetaFLOP LUMI (Large Unified Modern Infrastructure) supercomputer began operation at the CSC data center in the town,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> where it has been confirmed as the fastest supercomputer in Europe and among the top five in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The government-run Kainuu Music Institute was founded in 1957, and is part of the Kaukametsä Congress and Culture Centre. It is one of the largest musical institutes in Finland, with an enrollment of about 900 from the wider Kainuu region.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kainuu Music dance department Ballet Kaukametsä teaches dance to dancers of different ages. The public library of Kajaani is situated on Kauppakatu street and has free Internet access,<ref name="Harding2003"/> and there is also a mobile library service. The Kajaani Journal has been publishing since at least 1919.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
SportsEdit
Kajaani has two football clubs, AC Kajaani and Kajaanin Haka.<ref name="ac kajaani">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="kajaanin haka">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> AC Kajaani was formed in 2006 after the merger of FC Tarmo and Kajaanin Palloilijat (KaPa), and plays their home games at the Kajaanin Liikuntapuisto. The men's football first team currently plays in the Kakkonen (Division 2). Kajaanin Haka was formed in 1953 and plays at the Kajaanin liikuntapuisto stadium. The men's football first team currently plays in the Kolmonen (Division 3). The local ice hockey team, Hokki, plays in the Mestis league.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kajaani ice rink (Kajaanin jäähalli) was inaugurated in 1989 and accommodates for 2372 spectators, 781 in seating and 1591 in standing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There is a race course (Kajaanin ravirata) about Template:Convert to the north of the centre of Kajaani in Kuluntalahden, which hosts competitions only during the summer season. The track was completed in 2008 with a new café-restaurant.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Kajaani has hiking paths, skiing tracks, gyms, and sports grounds within the municipality. Pöllyvaara and the Vimpeli Hills are notable local ski areas, frequented by tourists during the winter months.<ref name="Nagel">Template:Cite book</ref> Fishing is popular along the banks of the river. Kajaani also has a golf course, and there are also several dancing pavilions in the town.<ref name=general/>
TransportEdit
There are two important highways from the direction of Helsinki to Kajaani: Highway 5 (E63) and Highway 6. In addition, Highway 22 leads to Kajaani from the direction of Oulu.<ref>Vt 22 Oulu - Kajaani - Vartius - Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency (in Finnish)</ref> There is a daily bus service operating between Kajaani, Oulu, Kemijärvi and Rukatunturi,<ref name="SB"/> and Bus No.4 runs hourly during weekdays from Pohjolankatu in Kajaani to Paltaniemi.<ref name="Harding2003"/> During the summer months there is a cruise service operating between Joensuu and Nurmes.<ref name="SB"/>
Kajaani railway station opened in 1905 when the railway from Iisalmi to Kajaani was completed as an extension to the Savonia railroad. The station building was designed by Gustaf Nyström.<ref name="ValantoMuseo1984">Template:Cite book</ref> The Kajaani station trackyard underwent significant upgrading and repair work in 2005, when the railway from Iisalmi to Kontiomäki was electrified. Four trains arrive daily from Helsinki via Kouvola and Kuopio, with the journey taking 7–10 hours to Helsinki depending on the train.<ref name="Harding2003"/> There are also daily trains from Joensuu, and connecting trains between Nurmes and Kajaani.<ref name="SB">Template:Cite book</ref>
Kajaani Airport, approximately Template:Convert northwest of Kajaani in the Paltaniemi area, is the main local airport. It is operated by Finavia, and also serves needs of non-commercial general aviation.<ref name=finavia>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Construction of the airport began in 1939 with the runway being completed in the autumn, but due to World War it was not fully opened until 22 June 1956.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Aegean Airlines and Flybe Nordic provides flights to Chania and Helsinki. The Finnair connection to Helsinki operates during the summer twice daily and three times a day during the winter schedule period. In 2013 the airport served 74,558 passengers.<ref name="finavia_passenger_statistics">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notable peopleEdit
- Antti Halonen, ice hockey player<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Eino Leino, poet and journalist<ref name="Harding2003">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Elias Lönnrot, philologist and poetry collector; compiler of The Kalevala<ref>Elias Lönnrotin Kajaani Template:Webarchive – Visit Kajaani (in Finnish)</ref>
- Henrik Flöjt, biathlon athlete<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jorma Korhonen, judoka<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jouko Karjalainen, skier<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Marko Kemppainen, skeet shooter<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Matti Heikkinen, skier<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Mika Lavento, professor of archaeology
- Olli Malmivaara, ice hockey player<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Pekka Suorsa, ski jumper<ref name=Pekka>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Riku Nieminen, actor and dancer<ref name="apu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Sakari Kukko, musician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Tommi Leinonen, ice hockey player<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland<ref name=ScandinavianEurope>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Kasperi Heikkinen, Guitar playerTemplate:Citation needed
International relationsEdit
Twin towns — Sister citiesEdit
Kajaani is twinned with:
| City | Country | Year | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Östersund | Template:Flagicon Sweden | 1943 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Rostov-on-Don | Template:Flagicon Russia | 1956−2022 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Schwalm-Eder-Kreis | Template:Flagicon Germany | 1973 | <ref name=sister/> | |
| Nyíregyháza | Template:Flagicon Hungary | 1981 | <ref name=sister/> | |
| Marquette | Template:Flagicon United States | 1997 | <ref name=sister/> | |
| Jiujiang | Template:Flagicon China | 2006 | <ref name=sister/> | |
| Bayonne | Template:Flagicon France | 2008 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Town of Kajaani – Official website
- Template:Wikivoyage-inline
Template:Geographic location {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:50 most populous Finnish municipalities