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Kėdainiai ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania.<ref name="savivaldybe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is located Template:Convert north of Lithuania's second largest city Kaunas on the banks of the Nevėžis River.<ref name="KedainiaiVle">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kėdainiai were first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, its population Template:As of was 23,051.<ref name="KedainiaiVle"/><ref name="KedainiuIstorijaVle">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.<ref name=sam/><ref name="KedainiuArchitektura">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of the Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.
In a ring of five miles, the St Jurgis church is surrounded by smaller villages – Lančiūnava, Template:ILL, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, Kalnaberžė.
NamesEdit
The city has been known by other names: Kiejdany in Polish, Keidan (קיידאן) in Yiddish,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Kedahnen in German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms include Kidan, Kaidan, Keidany, Keydan, Kiedamjzeÿ <ref>Template:Cite map</ref> ("j" /e/), Kuidany, and Kidainiai.<ref>Library of Congress Authority control Name Headings. HEADING: Kėdainiai (Lithuania). Accessed 2009-09-14.</ref>
HistoryEdit
The area was the site of several battles during "The Deluge", the 17th century war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. In 1655 a short-lived treaty with Sweden, the Union of Kėdainiai, was signed by two members of Radziwiłł family in their Kėdainiai castle. While little remains of the Radziwiłł castle, the crypt of the Calvinist church (1631) houses the family mausoleum, including the tombs of Krzysztof Radziwiłł and his son Janusz.
Scottish Protestants arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries, encouraged by the conversion of Anna Radziwill; the community exerted considerable influence in the city and persisted until the mid-19th century.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The grouping of the buildings around the town square still include the imposing homes of merchants known as the "Scottish Houses". These include; the George Anderson House, the John Arnot House, the George Bennet House, the James Gray House, the Steel Property, and the surviving basement of the Alexander Gordon house.<ref>Algirdas Juknevičius & Vaidas Špečkauskas, Scottish Heritage in Kėdainiai (Vilnius: Savastis, 2015), pp. 11–31.</ref>
A local custom called on all visitors to bring a stone to be used in the town's construction.<ref name=sam>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town in 1790.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
World War IIEdit
In 1940, the town was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa, Kėdainiai was occupied by the German Army in the summer of 1941. On August 28, 1941, the entire Jewish community of Kėdainiai, a community which had inhabited the area for 500 years, were killed under the direction of German Special Police Battalions, with the aid of the local Lithuanian population. The Jewish population prior to the Holocaust was 3000.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Soviet occupationEdit
During the Cold War, it was home to Kėdainiai air base, a major Soviet military airlift facility.
For many years, Kėdainiai was known for its chemical and food processing industries. The Kėdainiai chemical plant, Lifosa, began operations in January 1963. Publicized as a milestone in the industrialization of Lithuania, it emitted significant quantities of sulfuric acid and was the subject of ecological protests in the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Independent LithuaniaEdit
Following years of stagnation, old enterprises have come back to life, and new ones have been established, contributing to its status as an economic stronghold.<ref name=ked>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
DemographicsEdit
Template:Historical populations
TransportationEdit
Kėdainiai is accessed by Via Baltica highway from Kaunas and Panevėžys, and by rail from Vilnius, Klaipėda and Šiauliai. It is also served by Kaunas International Airport, the second largest airport in Lithuania, located in Karmėlava.
CultureEdit
The Kėdainiai Regional Museum, established in 1922, now operates four branches: a Multicultural Centre, the mausoleum of the Dukes Radziwill, the house of Juozas Paukštelis, and the Museum of Wooden Sculptures of V.Ulevičius.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Since the city is known as the cucumber capital of Lithuania, it sponsors an annual cucumber festival.<ref name=ked/>
In 2013, the band Bastille shot a music video for their single "Things We Lost in the Fire" in the location.Template:Citation needed
A small Polish minority of 329 (0,61%)<ref>Number of inhabitants of Kėdainiai district municipality by ethnicity, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Lithuanian census of 2011</ref> people live in Kėdainiai district municipality, but only 30 people participate in Stowarzyszenie Polaków Kiejdan (The Kėdainiai Polish Association), the elder people; their cultural activities involve public celebrations of Polish Day of Independence and Day of the Constitution of Third of May, as well as organizing a festival of Polish culture. Since 1994 a School of Polish Language exists.<ref>Świat Polonii, [1] Dni Kultury Polskiej na Laudzie 18-20 czerwca 2004 r.</ref><ref>http://www.knypava.lt Template:Webarchive [2] Template:Webarchive Kėdainiuose giliai šaknis įleidę ir lenkai</ref>
EducationEdit
- Jonušas Radvila College (Kėdainių Jonušo Radvilos studijų centras)
- Kėdainiai Atžalynas gymnasium
- Kėdainiai Šviesioji gymnasium
SportEdit
Basketball club BC Nevėžis, which participate in Lithuanian basketball league. Football club FK Nevėžis, named after the nearby river plays in second-tier league I Lyga. Other football teams include FK Lifosa and FK Nevėžis-2, the reserve team of Nevėžis.
Mayors of KėdainiaiEdit
| Mayor | Term of office | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||
| Independent Lithuania | |||
| Petras Baguška | 1990 | 1994 | |
| Vigimantas Kisielius | 1995 | 1997 | Homeland Union |
| Viktoras Muntianas | 1997 | 2004 | Labour Party |
| Virginija Baltraitienė | 12 November 2004 | 12 December 2005 | Labour Party |
| Nijolė Naujokienė | 2005 | 2011 | Labour Party |
| Rimantas Diliūnas | 2011 | 2015 | Labour Party |
| Saulius Grinkevičius | 17 April 2015 | 2019 | Liberal Movement |
| Valentinas Tamulis | 17 March 2019 | Incumbent | Valentino Tamulio komanda – mūsų krašto sėkmei |
Notable citizensEdit
- Jonušas Radvila (1612–1655) - Lithuanian nobleman, magnate
- Antanas Mackevičius, a priest and a leader of the 1863 uprising
- Czesław Miłosz, Polish writer, Nobel Prize winner. Born in Šeteniai village
- Mikalojus Daukša, Lithuanian writer, translator
- Martin (Moshe) Kagan, a leader of the anti-Nazi resistance group HaShomer HaTzair
- Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen, rabbi and prolific author
- Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan (1890–1924), prominent Orthodox rabbi.
- Moshe Leib Lilienblum, Jewish scholar and author
- Viktoras Muntianas, Lithuanian politician, former Speaker of the Seimas
- Juozas Paukštelis, author
- Juozas Urbšys, Lithuanian diplomat. Born in Šeteniai village
- Shlomo Zalman Zoref, re-established the Ashkenazi community in the Old City of Jerusalem in 1811
- Bernard G Richards (b. March 9, 1877 Dov-Gershon Rabinovich in Keidan, Lithuania - d. 25 June 1971 in the US) author and Jewish leader.
Twin towns – sister citiesEdit
Template:See also Kėdainiai is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col
- Template:Flagicon Brodnica, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Fălticeni, Romania
- Template:Flagicon Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
- Template:Flagicon Łobez, Poland
- Template:Flagicon Melitopol, Ukraine
- Template:Flagicon Sömmerda, Germany
- Template:Flagicon Svalöv, Sweden
- Template:Flagicon Telavi, Georgia
GalleryEdit
- Kedainiai7. 2007-05-06.jpg
City Hall and Monument of Janusz Radziwiłł
- The old-town of Kėdainiai001.jpg
Kranto II street in the old town
- Senoji street Kedainiai.JPG
Senoji Street in the old town
- Kedainiai15. 2007-05-06.jpg
Kėdainiai Old Town
- Kėdainių senamiestis2.jpg
Kėdainiai Old Town
- Kedainiai14. 2007-05-06.jpg
Didžioji street
- Nevezis009.JPG
Nevėžis river in city center
- Kėdainiai (Kiejdany) - new synagogue.JPG
Kėdainiai new synagogue
- Kiejdany orthodox church.jpg
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Template:Wikivoyage-inline
- kedainiai.lt
- History of Kėdainiai Template:Webarchive
- - Kėdainiai tourist and business information center
- Article on Kedainiai's Jewish community
- JRK Center College of Janusz Radziwiłł
- Notes