Khalida Toumi

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }}Khalida Toumi (Template:Langx) (born 13 March 1958), aka Khalida Messaoudi (Template:Langx), is an Algerian politician.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was the Minister of Communication and Culture until April 2014. She is also a feminist activist, and a pioneer of Algerian feminism.<ref>Cinq femmes au gouvernement (in French). Le Parisien. 18 June 2002.</ref> In 2022, she was convicted of corruption and sentenced to six years in prison.<ref name="Corruption">Template:Cite news</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Khalida Toumi was known as Khalida Messaoudi ou la soufadja before she reclaimed her maiden name.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She was born in 1958 in Ain-Bessem, Kabylie,<ref name=":0" /> in the north of Algeria and entered the University of Algiers in 1977 to pursue a degree in mathematics.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> After graduating from the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, she taught mathematics until 1993.<ref name=":1" /> Her brother is Alek Baylee Toumi,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the Algerian academic, author and expert on French and Francophone issues.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early careerEdit

As a feminist activist, in 1981, she founded the Collectif féminin (Women's Grouping)<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref> not only to oppose the ministerial interdiction on Algerian women leaving the country unless accompanied by a male family member,<ref name=":2" /> but also to oppose state endorsement of the discriminatory (seen by her) Algerian Family Code, which the National Assembly eventually adopted in 1984.<ref name=":1" /> Following the adoption of this code, Toumi presided over the Association for Equality between Men and Women,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> founded by a group of Trotskyist militants. In 1985, Toumi co-founded and became a member of the executive committee of the Algerian League of Human Rights. She later distanced herself from the Trotskyist militants and in 1990 founded the Independent Association for the Triumph of Women's Rights.<ref name=":0" />

Toumi staunchly opposed Islamist ideology and endorsed the cancellation of the January 1992 legislative elections, which the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) was poised to win.<ref name=":0" /> She considered the FIS to display "absolutely all the classic ingredients of totalitarian populist movements." The FIS condemned her to death in 1993,<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> and she was injured in a June 1994 bomb attack on a secularist demonstration.<ref name=":0" />

Toumi continued her opposition and traveled to Western countries to provide an anti-Islamist and anti-terrorist perspective.<ref name=":0" /> In 1993, Toumi published Une Algérienne Debout (Unbowed: an Algerian woman confronts Islamic fundamentalism), which was translated into English in 1998.<ref name=":0" /> In 1998, she was awarded the Liberal International Prize for Freedom and an honorary doctorate from the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.<ref name=":0" />

A member of the Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie (RCD), she won a seat in the National Assembly and served as the RCD's national vice president for human rights and women's issues. After profound disagreements with the RCD's president Saïd Sadi, she severed relations with the RCD in January 2001, at the peak of the crisis in her native Kabylie; she was subsequently expelled from the RCD.Template:Citation needed

She has been regularly portrayed in political cartoons.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Minister of Culture and CommunicationEdit

Template:Expand section In May 2002, she was appointed Minister of Culture and Communication, replacing Mohammed Abbou,<ref name=":4">Template:Cite journal</ref> as well as the government's spokesperson in 2003,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the first woman ever to hold that job. She held her ministerial post until April 2014.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During her tenure, the national culture budget grew from $64 million to over $300 million.<ref name=":3" />

As Minister of Culture and Communication, in July 2006, Toumi was the government representative at the Journee Arab de la Culture (Arab Day of Culture) held in Algiers.<ref name=":3" /> In 2009, she opened the Second Pan-African Culture Festival, also held in Algiers.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 2008, Toumi ordered that Mohammed Benchicou's Journal d'un homme libre (A free man's notebook) be seized at the printers due to its allegedly antihistorical, subversive and racist content.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2012, she attended the laying of the foundation stone for the Algiers Opera House at Ouled Fayet.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2014 she issued a decree that historic Algiers slaughterhouses were not to be demolished and that they were pending classification as sites of national culture heritage.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Professional experienceEdit

1984-1991 Teacher of mathematics
1992-1993 Member of the (CCN): Conseil consultatif national.
1997-2002 Deputy of Algiers at the People's National Assembly (l’Assemblée populaire nationale).
2000-2001 Vice-president of the (CNRSE) Commission nationale de réforme du système éducatif (National Commission to Reform the Educational System)<ref name=":0" />

Political activitiesEdit

File:Khalida Toumi, 2009.jpg

Khalida Toumi in 2009

May 1985 founding member and president of the first Association of Independent Women.<ref name=":0" />
March 1985 founding member and vice-president of the first Algerian League of Human Rights.
January 1992 Member of the CNSA and of the CCN.
April 1996 – 2001 Member of the secularist party: the RCD, excluded in July 2001.
1997-2002 Deputy of Algiers at the (APN) under the RCD label
October 1993 Vice president of Mouvement pour la République (MPR).
9 May 2003 Algerian Minister of Communication and Culture.<ref name=":4" />

ConvictionEdit

Template:Expand section In 2022, Toumi was convicted of corruption, including squandering public funds, abuse of office and granting undue privileges, and was sentenced to six years in prison.<ref name="Corruption" />

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Khalida Messaoudi

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